A simplified approach is presented to the calculation of ground level concentrations of effluents from small industrial and fuel burning installations. It is intended to serve as a first approximation to a very complex process. Because each stack, building, and terrain configuration is different, actual ground concentrations may frequently differ from the values calculated here by a factor of two. Nonetheless, this procedure should be useful for determining whether ambient air quality standards are likely to be met, exceeded, or only marginally obtained. It also predicts the locations where the highest and most frequent ground concentrations are likely. Sampling at several such locations is very advisable, unless the predicted concentrations are quite low. In addition, consultation with a specialist in air pollution meteorology may be desirable, especially in marginal or unique situations. The procedures given here were designed especially for source heights of less than 100 m; some of the simplifications made are not valid for large emissions. In the few cases where more than arithmetic formulas are necessary, simple nomograms are provided.

In 1968, Luis Alvarez suggested that a high-resolution multiwire particle detector could be developed using a thin layer of liquified noble gas as the detection medium. After key problems in chamber construction, purification, and readout had been solved, a spatial resolution of 15 {micro} rms was demonstrated. Work is in progress to build high-resolution chambers and measure their properties for particle physics experiments at high-energy accelerators. The liquid xenon multiwire chamber also has potential in nuclear medicine for imaging isotope distributions with an unprecedented combination of gamma-ray detection efficiency and spatial resolution. A preliminary 24-wire chamber has been constructed; this chamber detects 280-keV gamma rays with 65% efficiency and 4-mm FWHM spatial resolution. Initial images of point and distributed sources are very promising, and the liquid purity can be maintained for periods exceeding several days.

Blowdown/reflood testing of two heater rods containing laser welded thermocouple attachments is described. Two series of tests were conducted, one of three and another of nine blowdowns. Test parameters were controlled such that the blowdown/reflood cycles duplicated those predicted for the LOFT reactor. Thermocouple performance throughout the test series was very good in that the only failures observed were caused by bowing of the heater rod. Data from all tests are included as are photographs of laser welds taken at various times during the test series. Although heater rod bowing did cause failure of some of the welds, actual fuel pins are restrained and thus not expected to bow to this extent. When weld failure does occur it appears in the form of a separation at the bond between the Titanium fillet and Zircaloy. This does not impair either the performance or the integrity of the fuel cladding in any way.

A new analytical mechanism for distributing air sampling locations around nuclear facilities, including reactors, fuel fabrication, fuel reprocessing and research centers, has been devised. This method was developed to facilitate the efficient incorporation of past experiences into environmental surveillance programs for now or developing installations. The technique provides an initial distribution of air samplers around a site which correlates well with placements on sites which have been occupied by long established programs with their inherent evolution and refinements. The applicability of this approach has been examined by comparing sampling locations in well-established air monitoring programs scattered worldwide with location distributions recommended by this mechanism. Results of these comparisons will be detailed.

A listing is presented of the 297 articles from which the data in Part I were abstracted. These listings contain additional information on each of these articles: authors, title, abstract, closely related references, beam, momenta of experiment, target, etc. One also gives tables of the data as they appeared in the original articles. Systematic comments are made specifying how the final data were obtained; for example, mass cuts for resonance production cross sections, spectator momentum cuts, corrections for systematic biases, etc. This information, extracted from the papers, is given to aid the reader in his evaluation of the results and in any comparison with other experiments.

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The relationship between microstructure, heat treatment and room temperature fracture toughness has been determined for the low alloy ultra-high strength steels 4130, 4330, 4340, 4140 and 300-M. Optical metallography, microprobe analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the structure and morphology, while both Charpy V-notch impact tests and plane strain fracture toughness tests were used to determine the fracture properties. The normal commercial heat treatment resulted in the formation of some bainite in all the alloys. MnS inclusions on prior austenite grain boundaries were found to initiate cracks during loading. By increasing the austenitizing temperature to l200 C, the fracture toughness could be increased by at least 60%. For some alloys increasing the severity of the quench in conjunction with the higher austenitizing temperatures resulted in further increases in the fracture toughness, and the elimination of any observable upper bainite. There was no correlation between the Charpy impact test results and the fracture toughness results. The alloys 4130, 4140, 4340 all showed a severe intergranular embrittlement when austenitized at high temperatures and tempered above 200 C, while the alloys 4330 and 300-M exhibited no drop in toughness for the same heat treatment conditions. The as-quenched tensile specimens had …

A comparative analysis of the CDC STAR-100 and the ILLIAC IV for a given code is given. A large two-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamic model for the STAR-100 computer was programmed. Some theoretical considerations concerning execution rates are Presented. Some examples are given of where these theoretical considerations were important considerations in the design of the algorithms. Finally, several observations and opinions, many of which may be controversial but which should be considered by the programming world at large, are described. (MOW)

Thesis. Cycling routes, rates of transport, and resultant concentrations of the fallout radionuclides /sup 90/Sr and /sup 137/Cs in northern Alaskan ecosystems were defined during the period 1959 to 1970. Radiochemical analysis of extensive samples of biota and whole-body counting of / sup 137/Cs in Eskimo and Indian ethnic groups were related to ecological principles, especially the concept of trophic niche, which elucidated the observed patterns of radionuclide concentrations. Experiments involving Sr and Cs radioisotopes applied to natural Cladonia-- Cetraria lichen carpets yielded effective half-times of 1.O to 1.6 years for Sr and more than 10 years for Cs. Direct and indirect estimates of /sup 131/Cs half-times in Eskimos on a caribou meat diet were made by dietary manipulation and by relating dietary /sup 137/Cs intake and resultant change between periodic whole body counts. Effective half- times of 70 days for adults (more than 21 years old) and minors (14 to 20 years old) and of 45 days for children (less than 14 years old) were found. Suitable mathematical models were used to compute lichen forage ingestion rates of free- ranging adult caribou (4.5 to 5.0 kg dry weight per day), caribou meat ingestion rates of Anaktuvuk Pass residents (up …

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The theory and practice of using the refraction seismograph for shallow, subsurface investigations is summarized. This is 1ntended to be a guide to the application of the technique and not a comprehensive analysis of every aspect of the method. The fundamentals are presented and their use in time-intercept calculations and interpretations using delay times are discussed. The limitations of this exploration tool are discussed, and other applications of the equipment, such as uphole surveys, are described. Field procedures for carrying out refraction surveys are also recommended. (auth)

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A theoretical analysis of UO/sub 2/-- PuO/sub 2/ fueled, light-water- moderated lattice experiments has been performed to aid in establishing technical bases and design criteria for the utilization of plutonium bearing fuel in thermal power reactors. Results for UO/sub 2/ and Al-- Pu lattices are included in order to understand the effects due to uranium and plutonium separately. The problems involved in calculating high leakage critical experiments are discussed. Estimates of the effects of various approximations inherent in the theoretical methods and/or analysis procedures are included along with the consequence on the results of the correlation. Uncertainties in the measurements and the neutron crosssection data are related to uncertainties in the calculated values K/sub eff/ .The results of other studies which bear on evaluating the calculational methods are summarized. Areas which should be investigated in future analyses are also identified. (111 references) (auth)

The broad purpose of this research is to provide information on the behavior of radionuclides in, and radiation sensitivity of, selected organisms and natural ecosystems in Colorado. Components of alpine tundra, montane forests, shortgrass plains, and freshwater lakes and streams are currently under investigation with respect to behavior and effects of radionuclides. Data are presented from studies on the content of /sup 238/Pu and /sup 239/Pu in samples of soil, litter, vegetation, and tissues of mule deer, rodents, and birds collected in the vicinity of Rocky Flats; the content of fallout /sup 137/Cs and / sup 90/Sr in the tissues of mule deer and in forage samples; the migration of / sup 137/Cs through food chains in a lake ecosystem; tracer studies of energy flow from the dominant grass of the shortgrass plains, Bouteloua gracilis, through arthropod consumers, using /sup 32/P as the tracer and grasshoppers as the test organism; and the effects of gamma radiation from a large /sup 137/Cs source on arthropods, microorganisms, and soil chemistry of a chronic irradiation field. (CH)

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