We describe a new kind of stellar radial velocimeter based on the series combination of a wide angle Michelson interferometer and a disperser, and which we call a fringing spectrometer. The simplest instrument response of the interferometer produces smaller instrumental noise, and the low resolution requirements of the disperser allows high efficiency and creates an etendue capability which is two orders of magnitude larger than current radial velocimeters. The instrument is compact, inexpensive and portable. Benchtop tests of an open-air prototype shows the short term instrumental noise to be less than 0.76 m/s. A preliminary zero point drift of 4 m/s is already competitive with traditional instruments, in spite of the lack of obvious environmental controls and a known interferometer cavity length drift. We are currently installing cavity stabilization and other improvements that will lead to testing on starlight.

This paper summarizes the progress achieved so far, and discusses various outcomes, regarding the development of a model of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at the RHIC collider. The model, based on stepwise ray-tracing methods, includes beam and polarization dynamics. This is an on-going work, and a follow-on of code developments and particle and spin dynamics simulations that have been subject to earlier publications at IPAC and PAC [1, 2, 3]. A companion paper [4] gives additional informations, regarding the use of the measured magnetic field maps of the AGS main magnets.

This paper addresses an attempt to start investigating the use of the Superconducting Ring Cyclotron (SRC) developed for DAE{delta}ALUS experiment for ADS application [1], focusing on the magnet design and its implication for lattice parameters and dynamic aperture performance.

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The immediate objectives of this program are to measure the spectrum-integrated helium generation rates and cross sections of several materials in the available high intensity neutron sources, and to develop neutron dosimetry procedures using some of these materials. This requires further development of foil activation dosimetry techniques, since the cross section measurements require a detailed characterization of each neutron environment. The neutron facilities presently used in this program include accelerators producing d-T and d-Be reactions and high flux mixed-spectrum fission reactors. Most of the work reported here has focused on neutron spectra from the d-T reaction. A description is given of the preliminary analysis of wire rings included in the irradiation capsule for helium accumulation fluence dosimetry. The results show non-uniformities in the neutron fluence distribution characterizing this irradiation, and point out the value of helium accumulation fluence dosimetry for characterizing high energy (approximately 5 to 30 MeV) neutron fields. The helium accumulation fluence data are being used to adjust the neutron fluence map for calculation of final helium generation cross sections from the other RTNS-irradiated pure element specimens. Most of the specimens irradiated in the RTNS-I experiment have been analyzed for helium, and preliminary results are presented.

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Under the sponsorship of the US Department of Energy`s (DOE`s) Transportation Management Division (EM-261), the Transportation Technologies Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has designed and developed an expert system prototype application of the hazardous materials transportation regulations. The objective of this task was to provide a proof-of-concept for developing a computerized expert system that will ensure straightforward, consistent, and error-free application of the hazardous materials transportation regulations. The expert system prototype entailed the analysis of what an expert in hazardous materials shipping information could/should do. From the analysis of the different features required for the expert system prototype, it was concluded that the developmental efforts should be directed to a Windows{trademark} 3.1 hypermedia environment. Hypermedia technology usually works as an interactive software system that gives personal computer users the ability to organize, manage, and present information in a number of formats--text, graphics, sound, and full-motion video.

In polarized proton operation the RHIC performance is limited by the head-on beam-beam effect. To overcome this limitation two electron lenses are under construction. We give an overview of the construction progress. Guns, collectors and the warm electron beam transport solenoids with their power supplies have been constructed. The superconducting solenoids that guide the electron beam during the interaction with the proton beam are near completion. A test stand has been set up to verify the performance of the gun, collector and some of the instrumentation. The infrastructure is being prepared for installation, and simulations continue to optimize the performance.

Urban summer daytime temperatures often exceed those of the surrounding rural areas. Summer ``urban heat islands`` are caused by dark roofs and paved surfaces as well as the lack of vegetation. Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory are interested in studying the effects of increasing the albedo of roof tops and paved surfaces in order to reduce the impacts of summer urban heat islands. Increasing the albedo of urban surfaces may reduce this heat island effect in two ways, directly and indirectly. The direct effect involves reducing surface temperature and, therefore, heat conduction through the building envelope. This effect of surface albedo on surface temperatures is better understood and has been quantified in several studies. The indirect effect is the impact of high albedo surfaces on the near surface air temperatures. Although the indirect effect has been modeled for the Los Angeles basin by Sailor, direct field observations are required. The objective of this report is to investigate the meso-scale climate of a large high albedo area and identify the effects of albedo on the near surface air temperature. To accomplish this task, data from several surface weather stations at White Sands, New Mexico were analyzed. This report is organized into …

The ionospheric phenomenon called Equatorial Spread F encompasses a variety of effects associated with plasma irregularities occurring in the post-sunset and nighttime ionosphere near the magnetic equator. These irregularities can seriously degrade the performance of systems which involve either of necessity or inadvertently radio propagation through the equatorial ionosphere. One such system is Over-the-Horizon (OTH) radars which operate in the high-frequency (hf) band and use ionospheric reflection for forward and backscatter propagation to ranges of thousands of kilometers. When such radars are directed towards the equator, Spread F irregularities can cause scintillation effects which may be aliased into the ranges of interest and have the effect of causing, excess clutter in which targets may be hidden. In January, 1994 Los Alamos participated in a campaign to measure Spread F effects on OTH propagation from the United States looking towards South America in conjunction with local diagnostics in Peru. During the campaign Los Alamos fielded a 1600 km bistatic path between Piura, Peru, and Arequipa, Peru-, the one-hop reflection region for this path was near the magnetic equator, We obtained four types of measurements: an oblique ionogram between Piura and Arequipa every three minutes; Doppler spread and spatial correlation for a …

A multipurpose beamline for tests and developments in the field of x-ray optics and synchrotron radiation instrumentation in general is under construction at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) bending magnet X05DA. The beamline uses a newly developed UHV compatible, 100 mm thick, brazed CVD diamond vacuum window. The very compact cryogenically cooled channel cut Si(111) monochromator and bendable 1:1 toroidal focusing mirror at 7:75 m from the source point are installed inside the shielding tunnel. The beamline covers a photon energy range of about 6 to 17 keV.We expect 5x1011 photons=s within a 100 mu m spot and a resolving power of 1300. The monochromator and focusing mirror can be retracted independently for unfocused monochromatic and focused ''white'' light operation respectively.

The State Heating Oil and Propane Price (SHOPP) survey for the 1993--1994 heating season was conducted by the Pennsylvania Energy Office (PEO) in conjunction with the US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (DOE/EIA). The objective of the program was to collect price information for residential No. 2 heating oil and propane. Prices were to be collected on the first and third Mondays of each month, starting on October 4, 1993, and extending through March 21, 1994. When the survey started on October 4, 1993, the average No. 2 charge price for residential customers was 85.0 cents per gallon. On January 31, the DOE requested that the survey be conducted on a weekly basis. An extended period of extremely cold weather had increased demand for petroleum products. The seasonal high of 94.7 cents was reached on February 14, 1994. The price average declined to 91.8 cents on March 21, at the conclusion of the survey. This was an increase of 8.0 percent for the season. The results of the October 4, 1993, price survey indicated an average unweighted price of 108.9 cents per gallon for a residential customer. The average price rose to 116.2 cents on March 21, for a …

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The behavior of aftershock sequences around the Nevada Test Site in the southern Great Basin is characterized as a potential discriminant between explosions and earthquakes. The aftershock model designed by Reasenberg and Jones (1989, 1994) allows for a probabilistic statement of earthquake-like aftershock behavior at any time after the mainshock. We use this model to define two types of aftershock discriminants. The first defines M{sub X}, or the minimum magnitude of an aftershock expected within a given duration after the mainshock with probability X. Of the 67 earthquakes with M > 4 in the study region, 63 of them produce an aftershock greater than M{sub 99} within the first seven days after a mainshock. This is contrasted with only six of 93 explosions with M > 4 that produce an aftershock greater than M{sub 99} for the same period. If the aftershock magnitude threshold is lowered and the M{sub 90} criteria is used, then no explosions produce an aftershock greater than M{sub 90} for durations that end more than 17 days after the mainshock. The other discriminant defines N{sub X}, or the minimum cumulative number of aftershocks expected for given time after the mainshock with probability X. Similar to the …

A simple mixing-length estimate of diffusion of alphas particles by toroidicity-induced shear Alfven eigenmodes (TAE) is used, in zero and one-dimensional models, to evaluate the importance of diffusion of meeting ignition requirements for ITER and other next-generation burning plasma experiments. It is found that, depending on a number of assumptions, diffusion could reduce that effectiveness of alpha heating in the core as much as an order of magnitude. However, the effect would be less if only alphas resonant with the Alfven waves diffuse. Also, in the Appendix it is argued that the mixing length diffusion formula, though qualitatively reasonable, may be an over estimate. 12 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

The broad purpose of this project was to work cooperatively with the DOE to explore technology nad policy issues associated with more efficient, reliable, and affordable electric transmission and distribution use.

We study supersymmetric QCD in the conformal window as a laboratory for unparticle physics, and analyze couplings between the unparticle sector and the Higgs sector. These couplings can lead to the unparticle sector being pushed away from its scale invariant fixed point. We show that this implies that low energy experiments will not be able to see unparticle physics, and the best hope of seeing unparticles is in high energy collider experiments such as the Tevatron and the LHC. We also demonstrate how the breaking of scale invariance could be observed at these experiments.

A CO/sub 2/ laser system has been developed at LLL to provide hot start-up plasmas for magnetic mirror fusion experiments. A frozen ammonia pellet is irradiated with a laser power density in excess of 10/sup 13/ W/cm/sup 2/ in a 50-ns pulse. This system uses commercially available laser systems. Optical components were fabricated both by direct machining and standard techniques. The technologies used in this system are directly applicable to reactor scale systems.

We consider beams which are described by a 4D transverse distribution f(x,y,x{prime},y{prime}), where x{prime} {triple_bond} p{sub x}/p{sub z} and z is the axial coordinate. A two-slit scanner is commonly employed to measure, over a sequence of shots, a 2D projection of such a beam's phase space, e.g., f(x,x{prime}). Another scanner might yield f(y,y{prime}) or, using crossed slits, f(x,y). A small set of such 2D scans does not uniquely specify f(x,y,x{prime},y{prime}). We have developed ''tomographic'' techniques to synthesize a ''reasonable'' set of particles in a 4D phase space having 2D densities consistent with the experimental data. These techniques are described in a separate document [A. Friedman, et. al., submitted to Phys. Rev. ST-AB, 2002]. Here we briefly summarize one method and describe progress in validating it, using simulations of the High Current Experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Half-plant production tests have been used for many years to evaluate changes in water treatment processes. Since some conjecture existed regarding the validity of this test concept, it was decided to employ a tracer element. Bromine was chosen as the tracer element due to its absence in raw water, the short half life of its radionuclides, and its compatibility as a potable water treatment chemical. The parent production test was run for four days, but the scatter in the data indicated equilibrium had not been reached and conclusions could not be made. The test supplement was run for a period of 12 days. This report provides the test data which shows that an average cross flow of 7.6% is experienced, as measured in the reactor rear riser, when a reasonably balanced pumping system is maintained. Operating experiences at D and F Reactors during the early part of 1965 further confirm these facts. Excessive film build-up occurred in both instances on plant halves. A distinct demarkation line was experienced between vertical rows 73 and 74, as measured by front face Panellit pressure increases.

The objective of the work discussed in this report is to determine if soil washing is a feasible method to remediate contaminated soils from the Hazardous Waste Management Facility (HWMF) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The contaminants are predominantly Cs-137 and Sr-90. The authors have assumed that the target activity for Cs-137 is 50 pCi/g and that remediation is required for soils having greater activities. Cs-137 is the limiting contaminant because it is present in much greater quantities than Sr-90. This work was done in three parts, in which they: estimated the volume of contaminated soil as a function of Cs-137 content, determined if simple removal of the fine grained fraction of the soil (the material that is less than 0.063 mm) would effectively reduce the activity of the remaining soil to levels below the 50 pCi/g target, assessed the effectiveness of chemical and mechanical (as well as combinations of the two) methods of soil decontamination. From this analysis the authors were then able to develop a cost estimate for soil washing and for a baseline against which soil washing was compared.

In addition to the recent optics correction technique demonstrated at CERN and applied at RHIC, it is important to have a separate tool to control the value of the beta functions at the collision point ({beta}*). This becomes even more relevant when trying to reach high level of integrated luminosity while dealing with emittance blow-up over the length of a store, or taking advantage of compensation processes like stochastic cooling. Algorithms have been developed to allow modifying independently the beta function in each plane for each beam without significant increase in beam losses. The following reviews the principle of such algorithms and their experimental implementation as a dynamic {beta}-squeeze procedure.

Selective hydrocracking of total coolant was found to be an efficient and economic method for reconstitution of high boiler in the coolant to usable product. Such a process could eliminate the expense of vacuum distillation and disposal of high boilers produced in a nuclear reactor power plant. The selective conversion was possible since polyphenyls were found to be more susceptible towards hydrocracking as the phenyl chain length increased. Both cobalt molybdate on alumina and nickel oxide on alumina (50 to 80 square meters per gram) were found to be efficient catalysts at conditions of 900 deg F and 1000 psig with the latter giving more selective conversion to terphenyls. Continuous flow hydrocracking tests on OMRE Core II cool ant (containing 23% high boiler) resulted in 90 to 100% conversion of high boiler at product recoveries of 85 to 95 wt%. Average molecular weights of the products (biphenyl and heavier) were in the range 205 to 225 compared to 270 for Core II coolant. High boiler in Core III-A coolant which contained mainly first-generation polymers (hexaphenyls) was slightly more refractory toward hydrocracking than Core II high boiler, and conversion decreased slightly with increasing on-stream time. However, at optimum condition for processing …

The purpose of this report is to describe the effects of heavy, tracked-vehicle disturbance on various measures of soil quality in training compartment K-11 at Fort Benning, Georgia. Predisturbance soil sampling in April and October of 2002 indicated statistically significant differences in soil properties between upland and riparian sites. Soil density was less at riparian sites, but riparian soils had significantly greater C and N concentrations and stocks than upland soils. Most of the C stock in riparian soils was associated with mineral-associated organic matter (i.e., the silt + clay fraction physically separated from whole mineral soil). Topographic differences in soil N availability were highly dependent on the time of sampling. Riparian soils had higher concentrations of extractable inorganic N than upland soils and also exhibited significantly greater soil N availability during the spring sampling. The disturbance experiment was performed in May 2003 by driving a D7 bulldozer through the mixed pine/hardwood forest. Post-disturbance sampling was limited to upland sites because training with heavy, tracked vehicles at Fort Benning is generally confined to upland soils. Soil sampling approximately one month after the experiment indicated that effects of the bulldozer were limited primarily to the forest floor (O-horizon) and the surface …