The DT fusion neutron irradiation of two LLL superconductor wires at 4.2/sup 0/K is described. The sample position, beam-on time, and neutron dose record are given. The results from four ''profile'' dosimetry foils measuring the lateral variation in neutron flux are included.

This quarterly report discusses the technical progress of a US Department of Energy (DOE) Innovative Clean Coal Technology (ICCT) Project demonstrating advanced tangentially-fired combustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions from a coal-fired boiler. The project is being conducted at Gulf Power Company's Plant Lansing Smith Unit 2 located near Panama City, Florida. The primary objective of this demonstration is to determine the long-term effects of commercially available tangentially-fired low NO{sub x} combustion technologies on NO{sub x} emissions and boiler performance. A target of achieving fifty percent NO{sub x} reduction using combustion modifications has been established for the project. The stepwise approach that is being used to evaluate the NO{sub x} control technologies requires three plant outages to successively install the test instrumentation and the different levels of the low NO{sub x} concentric firing system (LNCFS). Following each outage, a series of four groups of tests are performed. These are (1) diagnostic, (2) performance, (3) long-term, and (4) verification. These tests are used to quantify the NO{sub x} reductions of each technology and evaluate the effects of those reductions on other combustion parameters such as particulate characteristics and boiler efficiency.

The focus lens design for the 20-beam SHIVA laser fusion facility involves considerations of uniform and normal pellet illumination. The resulting requirements dictate tailored beam intensity profiles and vacuum-loaded thin lenses.

The techniques of stepwise laser excitation were applied to obtain Ryberg series in the lanthanides and in uranium. The methods employed circumvent many of the experimental difficulties inherent in conventional absorption spectrosopy of these heavy atoms with very complex spectra. The Rydberg series observed have allowed the determination of accurate ionization limits. The values in eV are: Ce, 5.5387(4);Nd, 5.5250(6); Sm, 5.6437(10); Eu, 5.6704(3); Gd, 6.1502(6); Tb, 5.8639(6); Dy, 5.9390(6); Ho, 6.0216(6); Er 6.1077(6); U, 6.1941(5). A comparison of the f/sup n/s/sup 2/-f/sup n/s ionization limits as a function of n with theoretical calculations is made.

The DT fusion neutron irradiation of an AI sample capsule containing cobalt, zirconium, gold, iron, nickel and niobium samples plus two LLL pyrographite samples, and eight LLL silica pieces is described. The sample position, beam-on time, and neutron dose record are given. The maximum neutron fluence on any sample was 2.41 x 10/sup 17/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/.

Various factors that can affect thermal blooming in stagnation zones are examined, including stagnation-zone motion, longitudinal air motion in the neighborhood of the stagnation zone, and the effects of scenario noncoplanarity. Of these effects, only the last offers any reasonable hope of reducing the strong thermal blooming that normally accompanies stagnation zones; in particular, noncoplanarity should benefit multipulse more than cw beams. The methods of treating nonhorizontal winds hydrodynamically for cw and multipulse steady-state sources are discussed. Pulse ''self-blooming'' in the triangular pulse approximation is discussed in the context of both single and multipulse propagation. It is shown that self-blooming and multipulse blooming cannot be treated independently.

None

(1) LLNL measured the material removal rate from stainless steel, silicon carbide, rhenium, N5, hastalloy X, and titanium as a function of pulse fluence at a wavelength of 810 nm for pulse durations of 150 fs, 1.5 ps, 20 ps, and 500 ps. The spot size of the beam used was 150 microns in diameter and the nominal material thickness was 1-2 mm. These experiments were performed on the existing 1 kHz laser system. Holes of different penetration depths were obtained to ascertain change in removal rate as a function of depth. Measurements included electron microscopy of selected samples. (2) The experiments in I were repeated for all materials but select pulse durations with the sample in a vacuum of base pressure 10 mTorr to determine if hole quality and ablation rate is improved. (3) LLNL measured material removal rate from stainless steel, silicon carbide, rhenium, N5, hastalloy X, and titanium as a function of pulse fluence at a wavelength of 532 nm for pulse duration at 200 ns. The spot size of the beam used was 200 microns in diameter and the material thickness was the same as in task I. Holes of different penetration depths were obtained to …

Solid-state lasers have held great promise for the generation of high-average-power, high-quality output beams for a number of decades. However, the inherent difficulty of scaling the active solid-state gain media while continuing to provide efficient cooling has limited demonstrated powers to <5kW. Even at the maximum demonstrated average powers, the output is most often delivered as continuous wave (CW) or as small energy pulses at high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and the beam divergence is typically >10X the diffraction limit. Challenges posed by optical distortions and depolarization arising from internal temperature gradients in the gain medium of a continuously cooled system are only increased for laser designs that would attempt to deliver the high average power in the form of high energy pulses (>25J) from a single coherent optical aperture. Although demonstrated phase-locking of multiple laser apertures may hold significant promise for the future scaling of solid-state laser systems,1 the continuing need for additional technical development and innovation coupled with the anticipated complexity of these systems effectively limits this approach for near-term multi-kW laser operation outside of a laboratory setting. We have developed and demonstrated a new operational mode for solid-state laser systems in which the cooling of the gain …

The DT fusion neutron irradiation of eight LLL Nb-lZr tensile specimens, two BPNL wire-foil packets, eleven BNL-LASL superconductor wires, four LASL high purity single crystals (one each of YAG, Spinel, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and MgO), seven LLL Suprasil and several LLL micro cover glasses. The sample position, beam--on time, and neutron dose record are given. The maximum neutron fluence on any sample was 4.68 x 10/sup 17/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/.

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 report, AAPM TG-43, provides an analytical model and a dosimetry protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations, as well as documentation and results for some sealed sources. The radionuclide {sup 198}Au (T{sub 1/2} = 2.70 days, E{gamma} = 412 keV) has been used in the form of seeds for brachytherapy treatments including brain, eye, and prostate tumors. However, the TG-43 report has no data for {sup 198}Au seeds, and none have previously been obtained. For that reason, and because of the conversion of most treatment planning systems to TG-43 based methods, both Monte Carlo calculations (MCNP 4C) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are used in this work to determine these data. The geometric variation in dose is measured using an array of TLDs in a solid water phantom, and the seed activity is determined using both a well ion chamber and a High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe). The results for air kerma strength, S{sub k}, per unit apparent activity, are 2.06 (MCNP) and 2.09 (measured) U mCi{sup -1}. The former is identical to what was published in 1991 in the AAPM Task Group 32 report. The dose rate constant results, {Lambda}, are 1.12 …

ELM effects in the DIII-D pedestal and boundary plasmas were measured with multiple fast diagnostics in matched, lower single null, ELMing H-mode discharges with the ion Bx{gradient}B drift toward and away from the divertor. Data show a strong dependence of the delay in inner vs. outer divertor ELM D{sub alpha} emission on drift direction, and a weaker drift dependence of the inner vs. outer delay of the total radiated power, in addition to the strong density dependence seen in previous work [1]. Time dependent modeling of the boundary plasma during an ELM was done with the UEDGE code including a six-species fluid carbon model and the effect of B-field induced particle drifts [2]. The ELM perturbation was modeled as an instantaneous, outer midplane peaked, increase of diffusion coefficients from the top of the pedestal to the outer SOL. The simulations show delays in the ELM perturbation at the inner vs. outer divertor targets that are similar to the measured delays.

The DT fusion neutron irradiation of nine LLL stainless steel samples (including six tensile specimens), four LASL high purity single crystals (one each of MgO, YAG, Sapphire and Spinel), ten LLL silica samples, and seven LLL calcium fluoride samples is described. The sample position, beam-on time, and neutron dose record are given. The maximum neutron fluence on any sample was 1.39 x 10/sup 17/ neutron/cm/sup 2/.

Measurements and modeling of the 2D poloidal D{sub {alpha}} intensity distribution in DIII-D low density L-mode and medium density ELMy H-mode plasmas indicate that the core plasma is predominately fueled near the divertor x-point region. The neutral hydrogen and ion carbon emission were measured in the divertor and inner main chamber scrape-off layer (SOL) using a plasma imaging technique, covering 85% of the poloidal cross-section. Typically, the peak emission in the inner main SOL at the tokamak midplane was three orders of magnitude lower than in the divertor. For discharges with the ion Bx{del}B drift direction toward the lower divertor the UEDGE/DEGAS codes predict strong core plasma fueling from the significantly higher density and lower temperature plasma calculated in the inner divertor leg. The concomitant carbon ion flow reversal in the inner divertor leg enhances the leakage of carbon from the divertor into the main SOL, and hence into the core.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is engaged in a broad range of activities that support the development of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE). These include (1) the construction of the National Ignition Facility (NIF); (2) target design for both laser and heavy ion drivers, including work on fast ignition; (3) heavy ion driver development; (4) diode pumped solid state laser (DPSSL) development; and (5) chamber and power plant design and assessment activities. These efforts are summarized in this report.

This progress report by the Atomic Energy Division of the Savannah River Plant covers: Reactor Technology; Separation Technology; Engineering Assistance; Health Physics; and General Laboratory Work.

An overview of energy-system projections into the new century leads to the conclusion that nuclear power will play a significant role. How significant a role will be determined by the marketplace. Within the range of nuclear-power technologies available, small nuclear-power plants of innovative design appear to fit the needs of a number of developing nations and states. These plants have the potential advantage of modularity, are proliferation-resistant, incorporate passive safety features, minimize waste, and could be cost-competitive with fossil-fuel plants.

The central role of the organic component in biologically controlled mineralization is widely recognized. These proteins are characterized by a high proportion of acidic amino acid residues, especially aspartate, Asp. At the same time, biomineralization takes place in the presence of a number of naturally-occurring, inorganic impurities, particularly Mg and Sr. In an attempt to decipher the controls on calcite growth imposed by both classes of modifiers, we have used in situ AFM to investigate the dependence of growth morphology and step kinetics on calcite in the presence of Sr{sup 2+}, as well as a wide suite of Aspartic acid-bearing polypeptides. In each case, we observe a distinct and step-specific modification. Most importantly, we find that the step speed exhibits a characteristic dependence on impurity concentration not predicted by existing crystal growth models. While all of the impurities clearly induce appearance of a 'dead zone,' neither the width of that dead zone nor the dependence of step speed on activity or impurity content can be explained by invoking the Gibbs-Thomson effect, which is the basis for the Cabrera-Vermilyea model of impurity poisoning. Common kink-blocking models also fail to explain the observed dependencies. Here we propose a kinetic model of inhibition …

The Yang-Mills theory lies at the heart of our understanding of elementary particle interactions. For the strong nuclear forces, we must understand this theory in the strong coupling regime. The primary technique for this is the lattice. While basically an ultraviolet regulator, the lattice avoids the use of a perturbative expansion. I discuss some of the historical circumstances that drove us to this approach, which has had immense success, convincingly demonstrating quark confinement and obtaining crucial properties of the strong interactions from first principles.

Borehole Data Package for Wells 299-W22-48, 299-W22-49, and 299-W22-50 at Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Area S-SX

This document presents recommendations of a working group designated by the Environmental Restoration and Remediation (ER) and Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) subcommittees of the Westinghouse M&O (Management and Operation) Nuclear Facility Safety Committee. A commonalty of approach to safety documentation specific to ER and D&D activities was developed and is summarized below. Allowance for interpretative tolerance and documentation flexibility appropriate to the activity, graded for hazard category, duration, and complexity, was a primary consideration in development of this guidance.

This report addresses a study that was performed to develop a more economical method of machining damage-free beryllium components at Rocky Flats

This report presents the data resulting from a series of mirror damage tests conducted with the FLEX laser at KMS Fusion on March 14 through March 20, 1990 for Los Alamos National Laboratory. The FLEX laser consists of a ND:YLF master oscillator and four Nd:glass rod amplifiers operating at 1.05 {mu}m. For this program, the laser was configured to produce a 3 ms long square wave envelope of mode locked pulses which was focused onto Los Alamos supplied targets via a 1200 mm focal length (f/20) lens at approximately normal incidence. The pulse energy and spot size were specified by Los Alamos personnel, the energy varying from approximately 10--40 Joules and the spot size ranging from approximately 100--300 {mu}m. A total of 63 target shots and 19 calibration and/or test shots were conducted.

The purpose of this memorandum is to document the improvements and modifications made to the Replacement Costs of Crude Oil (REPCO) Supply Analysis System. While some of this work was performed under our previous support contract to DOE/ASFE, we are presenting all modifications and improvements are presented here for completeness. The memo primarily documents revisions made to the Lower-48 Onshore Model. Revisions and modifications made to other components and models in the REPCO system which are documented elsewhere are only highlighted in this memo. Generally, the modifications made to the Lower-48 Onshore Model reflect changes that have occurred in domestic drilling, oil field costs, and reserves since 1982, the date of the most recent available data used for the original Replacement Costs report, published in 1985.