The purpose of this study was to develop a set of Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) calibration standards for asphaltene and preasphaltene analysis. A series of oligo(aryl ether) and oligo(arylmethylenes) from 170 to 580 g/mole were prepared via modified Ullmann-type reactions (ethers) and condensation of an aryl lithium derivative with an aryl carboxaldehyde, followed by reduction of the resulting carbonol (methylenes). These compounds were examined as molecular weight calibration standards for GPC analysis. A nearly linear plot was found to exist between the logarithm of molecular weight times mol fraction hydrogen versus retention volume with THF as the solvent. Further this plot was coincident with commercial polystyrene standards (600 to 2000 g/mol) and with the majority of our lignite derived asphaltenes and preasphaltenes. Work in our laboratory suggests that universal calibration plots for GPC analysis of lignite-derived preasphaltene and asphaltene liquefaction products are possible for determining number and weighted average molecular weight values. Universal calibration plots based on the logarithm of the hydrodynamic volume, number average molecular weight times hydrogen content, result in a smooth curve coincident with polystyrene standards, model compounds, and lignite derived asphaltenes/preasphaltenes. The data which supports the above hypothesis is presently limited and has only been measured …

The Mark III collaboration presents results on the decays J/psi ..-->.. B/sub 8/ anti B/sub 8/, and J/psi ..-->.. B/sub 8/ anti B/sub 10/ using 5.8 x 10/sup 6/ produced J/psi's collected at SPEAR. Branching ratios have been determined for the decays J/psi ..-->.. ..sigma../sup +/ anti ..sigma../sup -/ (1385) + c.c., J/psi ..-->.. ..xi../sup -/ anti ..xi../sup +/ (1530) + c.c. and J/psi ..-->.. ..xi../sup -/ anti ..xi../sup +/. An upper limit on the branching ratios for the decay J/psi ..-->.. ..xi../sup 0/ anti ..xi../sup 0/ (1530) + c.c. has also been determined. These indicate large isospin violation in the decay patterns for J/psi ..-->.. ..xi.. anti ..xi..*. 7 refs., 9 figs.

In the original SLC commissioning plans, it was thought that accumulated optical mismatch, generated by focusing errors in the whole machine, would be corrected at the very end, in the Final Focus. Dedicated correctors for optical matching and a special adjustment strategy were planned for this purpose, with a large tuning range of up to about a factor four in any dimension of the beam phase-space. With the present collimation and shielding arrangements, it is necessary to control the beam upstream of the Final Focus in order to inject a nearly matched phase-space there. We have developed and installed a new system of harmonic focusing corrections at the end of the SLC Arcs, to provide such control. The scheme consists of introducing small regular and skew focusing deviations at specific harmonics of the betatron frequency which the phase-space is specially sensitive to. The harmonics in question are the zeroeth harmonic and the second harmonic of the betatron frequency. The focusing deviations are introduced in the Arc lattice by perturbing the strengths of the combined function magnets with a set of appropriately rewired trim windings at their backleg. The corrections provide an efficient way for adjusting both for errors in the …

The SLC Arcs were rolled at achromat boundaries to follow the terrain of the SLAC site. This makes the linear optics sensitive to systematic gradient errors, from which severe cross-plane coupling effects may arise. As a partial correction, a smoother roll transition was introduced which relieves much of this sensitivity. We present an evaluation of this scheme and report on the observed improvements. 18 refs., 10 figs.

Geochemical studies of the geothermal system at Roosevelt Hot Springs, Utah, have led to development of chemical criteria for recognition of major features of the system and to a three-dimensional model for chemical zoning in the system. Based on this improved level of understanding several new or modified geochemical exploration and assessment techniques have been defined and are probably broadly applicable to evaluation of hot-water geothermal systems. The main purpose of this work was the development or adaptation of solids geochemical exploration techniques for use in the geothermal environment. (MHR)

The objectives of the falloff tests conducted prior to ignition in August and September 1976 and again in February 1977, were to determine the injection wellbore conditions and pattern flow capacities and to determine how or if the burning process affects them. Pulse tests were conducted to determine directional permeabilities within patterns in order to assist in predicting the combustion front movement. The tests were conducted by shutting off injection into the central injector and subsequently monitoring the tubinghead pressure at that injector, as well as the gas production rates at the offset producing wells. Injection was then restarted and the offset wells' gas production monitored until it was near the initial rate. Analysis of the falloff tests indicates that the advance of the firefront results in large increases in the formation flow capacity and average permeability around the injection wells. Pulse tests analysis, on the other hand, is not so simply understood. The dip of the formation is responsible for generally higher gas mobility (low lag times) toward the south. However, notable deviation occurs in certain patterns due to local anomalies in rock character, saturations and even possibly dip. The lag time measurements on each well defines its particular …

An automated system has been developed to perform ion beam analysis with in situ temperature programming from approx. 120K to approx. 770K.

Room-temperature strength, fracture toughness, Young's modulus, and thermal-shock resistance were determined for 68--98% dense lithium orthosilicate (Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/) specimens. In the low-density regime, both strength and fracture toughness were controlled by the density of the specimen. At high density, the strength depends on grain size. Young's modulus values ranged from 30--103 GPa at densities between 68 and 98% TD. A critical quenching temperature difference in the range of 150--170/degree/C was observed in thermal-shock tests of bar specimens. Steady-state creep tests indicated 90% dense Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/ fractures at T less than or equal to 800/degree/C before reaching steady state and deforms plastically at 900/degree/C. It is more creep-resistant at 900/degree/C than Li/sub 2/O, about equal to Li/sub 2/Zr)/sub 3/, and less than LiA10/sub 2/. 13 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Multilayers are man-made microstructures which vary in depth and are now of sufficient quality to be used as x-ray, soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet optics. Gratings are man-made in plane microstructures which have been used as optic elements for most of this century. Joining of these two optical microstructures to form combined microstructure optical microstructures to form combined microstructure optical elements has the potential for greatly enhancing both the throughput and the resolution attainable in these spectral ranges. The characteristics of these new optic elements will be presented and compared to experiment with emphasis on the unique properties of these combined microstructures. These results reported are general in nature and not limited to the soft x-ray or extreme ultraviolet spectral domains and also apply to neutrons. 19 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.

The low-temperature, magnetic entropy of certain single-crystal paramagnetic materials, such as DyPO/sub 4/, changes dramatically as the crystal rotates in a magnetic field. A new magnetic refrigerator design based on the anisotropic nature of such materials is presented. The key advantages of the rotational-cooling concept are (1) a single, rotary motion is required, (2) magnetic field shaping is not a problem because the entire working material is in a constant field, and (3) the refrigerator can be smaller than comparable magnetic refrigerators because the working material is entirely inside the magnet at all times. The main disadvantage of the rotational-cooling concept is that small-dimension single crystals are required.

The simulation if presented for the 800-MW(e) two-loop GT-HTGR plant design with the REALY2 transient analysis computer code, and the modeling of control strategies called for by the inherently unique operational requirements of a multiple loop GT-HTGR is described. Plant control of the GT-HTGR is constrained by the nature of its power conversion loops (PCLs) in which the core cooling flow and the turbine flow are directly related and thus changes in flow affect core cooling as well as turbine power. Additionally, the high thermal inertia of the reactor core precludes rapid changes in the temperature of the turbine inlet flow.

This report covers the technical effort through February, 1989. This effort was directed towards the technology associated with the development of a large scale, long pulse DF-CO{sub 2} chemical laser. Optics damage studies performed under Task 1 assessed damage thresholds for diamond-turned salt windows. Task 2 is a multi-faceted task involving the use of PHOCL-50 for laser gain measurements, LTI experiments, and detector testing by LANL personnel. To support these latter tests, PHOCL-50 was upgraded with Boeing funding to incorporate a full aperture outcoupler that increased its energy output by over a factor of 3, to a full kilojoule. The PHOCL-50 carbon block calorimeter was also recalibrated and compared with the LANL Scientech meter. Cloud clearing studies under Task 3 initially concentrated on delivering a Boeing built Cloud Simulation Facility to LANL, and currently involves design of a Cold Cloud Simulation Facility. A Boeing IRAD funded theoretical study on cold cloud clearing revealed that ice clouds may be easier to clear then warm clouds. Task 4 involves the theoretical and experimental study of flow system design as related to laser beam quality. Present efforts on this task are concentrating on temperature gradients induced by the gas filling process. General support …

Two fast running computer codes have been developed to calculate and verify the predictions of phenomenological models of beam emittance growth and radial oscillation damping. This report describes the codes - a point model, EMY, and a particle simulation, DESTIN. Comparison of model predictions and simulation results is made for the cases of a beam launched near self-pinch equilibrium and for a cold beam launched in near ballistic condition.

Recently revised estimates of target gain have added additional optimistic inputs to the interface between targets, accelerators and fusion chamber beam transport. But it remains valid that neutralization of the beams in the fusion chamber is useful if ion charge state Z > 1 or if > 1 kA per beamlet is to be propagated. Some engineering and economic considerations favor higher currents.

In a program sponsored by the Fuel Systems Research Branch of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a series of six electrically heated fuel rod simulation tests were conducted at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The primary objective of these tests was to determine the susceptibility of irradiated pressurized-water reactor (PWR) Zircaloy-4 cladding to failures caused by pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI). A secondary objective was to acquire kinetic data (e.g., ridge growth or relaxation rates) that might be helpful in the interpretation of in-reactor performance results and/or the modeling of PCMI. No cladding failures attributable to PCMI occurred during the six tests. This report describes the testing methods, testing apparatus, fuel rod diametral strain-measuring device, and test matrix. Test results are presented and discussed.

A prototype voice verification system has been installed which provides the required positive identification at the main site access control point. This system compares an individual's file voice print with a sample voice print obtained from the individual when an attempt is made to enter the site. The voice system transmits the individual's identity to a central processor. The central processor associates that individual's authorization file with a card-key obtained at the access point. The system generates a record of personnel movement, provides a personnel inventory on a real-time basis, and it can retrieve a record of all prior events. The system installed at the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant is described.

This report describes seven geothermal gradient test holes in the southern Washington Cascade Mountains. The objectives of the drilling program were to: (1) more accurately define the general extent of potential geothermal resources in the southern Washington Cascades, and (2) evaluate specific targets that are geologically and structurally favorable for the occurrence of geothermal resources. (ACR)

The central research problem of this project is the effective representation and display of surfaces, interpolating to given information, in three or more dimensions. In a typical problem, we wish to create a surface from some discrete information. If this information is itself on another surface, the problem is to determine a ``surface defined on a surface,`` which is discussed below. Often, properties of an already constructed surface are desired: such ``geometry processing`` is described below. The Summary of Proposed Research from our original proposal describes the aims of this research project. This Summary and the Table of Contents from the original proposal are enclosed as an Appendix to this Progress Report. The broad sweep from constructive mathematics through algorithms and computer graphics displays is utilized in the research. The wide range of activity, directed in both theory and applications, makes this project unique. Last month in the first Ardent Titan delivered in the State of Arizona came to our group, funded by the DOE and Arizona State University. Although the Titan is a commercial product, its newness requires our close collaboration with Ardent to maximize results. During the past year, four faculty members and several graduate research assistants have …

The central research problem of this project is the effective representation and display of surfaces, interpolating to given information, in three or more dimensions. In a typical problem, we wish to create a surface from some discrete information. If this information is itself on another surface, the problem is to determine a surface defined on a surface,'' which is discussed below. Often, properties of an already constructed surface are desired: such geometry processing'' is described below. The Summary of Proposed Research from our original proposal describes the aims of this research project. This Summary and the Table of Contents from the original proposal are enclosed as an Appendix to this Progress Report. The broad sweep from constructive mathematics through algorithms and computer graphics displays is utilized in the research. The wide range of activity, directed in both theory and applications, makes this project unique. Last month in the first Ardent Titan delivered in the State of Arizona came to our group, funded by the DOE and Arizona State University. Although the Titan is a commercial product, its newness requires our close collaboration with Ardent to maximize results. During the past year, four faculty members and several graduate research assistants have …

This report summarizes a series of analyses of the magnitude and biological significance of the impingement of white perch at the Indian Point Nuclear Generating Station and other Hudson River power plants. Included in these analyses were evaluations of: (1) two independent lines of evidence relating to the magnitude of impingement impacts on the Hudson River white perch population; (2) the additional impact caused by entrainment of white perch; (3) data relating to density-dependent growth among young-of-the-year white perch; (4) the feasibility of performing population-level analyses of impingement impacts on the white perch populations of Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware River; and (5) the feasibility of using simple food chain and food web models to evaluate community-level effects of impingement and entrainment. Estimated reductions in the abundances of the 1974 and 1975 white perch year classes, caused by impingement and entrainment, were high enough that the possibility of adverse long-term effects cannot be excluded.

This paper presents an overview of the EPICS control system at FERMILAB. EPICS is a distributed, multi-user, interactive system for the control and monitoring of particle beamlines at a high-energy experimental physics laboratory. The overview discusses the operating environment of the control system, the requirements which determined the design decisions, the hardware and software configurations, and plans for the future growth and enhancement of the present system. This paper is the first of three related papers on the EPICS system. The other two cover (1) the system structure and user interface and (2) RSX implementation issues.

A set of novel first stage graphite salts of general formula C{sub 8}{sup +}MF{sub 6}{sup -} has been prepared (M = Os, Ir, As). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies indicate that these salts are hexagonal with a {approx} 4.9 and c {approx} 8.1 {angstrom}. The unit cell volume indicates that the anions are closely packed in the galleries. Platinum hexafluoride, which is the most powerful oxidizer of the third transition series, forms a first stage compound, which analytical, structural, and magnetic studies establish as C{sub 12}{sup 2+}PtF{sub 6}{sup 2-}. In this salt the anions are not close packed, but the electron withdrawal from the graphite planes is greater than for the C{sub 8}{sup +}MF{sub 6}{sup -} series. The variation in the electrical conductivity (in the a-b plane), as a function of composition, has been investigated with the OsF{sub 6}, IrF{sub 6}, PtF{sub 6} and AsF{sub 5} intercalates. For OsF{sub 6} and IrF{sub 6}, the conductance per plane of graphite is found to be a maximum at approximately C{sub 24}MF{sub 6} (second stage); the conductivity being an order of magnitude greater than that of the parent material. Intercalation beyond C{sub 24}MF{sub 6} leads to a marked decrease in conductivity. C{sub 8}MF{sub …

An assembly of an electrolytic oxygen meter and a diffusion type hydrogen meter was designed to fit into the Multipurpose Sampler hardware already installed and operating on the four FFTF sodium systems. One of the key elements in this assembly is a ceramic-metal sealed oxygen sensor which allows use of a metal tube to extend the 51 cm (20 in.) between the sampler top and the flowing sodium region.

This report reviews the Fracture Flow Behavior in Rock Study being performed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The study's objective is to determine the feasibility of predicting mechanical-hydrological behavior of natural rock fractures by accurately characterizing fracture surface topography and mineralization. A laboratory-scale facility is currently being used to ensure optimum control of variables. Devising a technique to study small-scale samples is the first step to understanding the complex coupled processes encountered in geomechanics and hydrology. The major accomplishments during fiscal year 1987 were initial development of the innovative testing method, identification of appropriate specimens, substantial renovation to the facility, completion of several sets of experiments, and procurement of hardware components for a laser-imaging device used to characterize fracture surfaces. A complete set of preliminary results and findings is presented in this report. These results, gathered from a basalt core with a natural fracture, have demonstrated that the methodology is valid, and definite trends in the data are readily apparent. 10 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.