High-purity tantalum single crystal cylinders oriented with [011] parallel to the cylinder axis were deformed 10, 20, and 30 percent in compression. The engineering stress-strain curve exhibited an up-turn at strains greater than {approximately}20% while the samples took on an ellipsoidal shape during testing, elongated along the [100] direction with almost no dimensional change along [0{bar 1}1]. Two orthogonal planes were selected for characterization using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM): one plane containing [100] and [011] (longitudinal) and the other in the plane containing [0{bar 1}1] and [011] (transverse). OIM revealed patterns of alternating crystal rotations that develop as a function of strain and exhibit evolving length scales. The spacing and magnitude of these alternating misorientations increases in number density and decreases in spacing with increasing strain. Classical crystal plasticity calculations were performed to simulate the effects of compression deformation with and without the presence of friction. The calculated stress-strain response, local lattice reorientations, and specimen shape are compared with experiment.

Although a variety of types of pre-solar SiC grains have been classified by their C, N, and Si isotopic composition, the majority of such grains are so-called mainstream grains and are believed to have come from asymptotic giant branch stars [1]. We have previously reported the Mo isotopic compositions of presolar SiC grains whose C, N, and Si isotopic compositions were not known [2]. Since most presolar SiC grains fall in the mainstream group, we assumed that these grains were mainstream. The excellent match of the Mo isotopic data with expectations for nucleosynthesis in AGB stars was consistent with this identification. In order to better understand the distribution of isotopic compositions in presolar grains, we have begun to measure heavy element isotopic compositions of presolar SiC grains of known C, N and Si isotopic composition.

Presolar silicon carbide grains form in a variety of types of stars, including asymptotic giant branch red giant stars and supernovae. The dominant mechanisms of heavy element nucleosynthesis, the s-process and r-process, are thought to occur in AGB stars and supernovae, respectively. We have previously reported that mainstream SiC grains have strong enrichments in the s-process isotopes of Sr, Zr and Mo. We report here the first measurements of Mo isotopes in X-type SiC grains, which have previously been identified as having formed from supernova ejecta.

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the two available models and determine the appropriate model for use in following waterborne release analyses. Additionally, this report will document the DB and BDB accidents to be used in the future study.

In this paper, we examine the logic and framework for the development of a capability to immobilize excess Russian weapons plutonium by the year 2004. The initial activities underway in Russia, summarized here, include engineering feasibility studies of the immobilization of plutonium-containing materials at the Krasnoyarsk and Mayak industrial sites. In addition, research and development (R&D) studies are underway at Russian institutes to develop glass and ceramic forms suitable for the immobilization of plutonium-containing materials, residues, and wastes and for their geologic disposal.

This paper discusses the smart materials/technologies test bed at SRS and the development of an industry-university-laboratory team to support the SRS smart materials and technology demonstration.

The Department of Energy's Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Technical Assistance Program provides the tools and assistance to help manufacturers identify their best energy-efficient, pollution-preventing options, from a systems and life-cycle cost approach. Technical Assistance focuses on five key opportunities for energy efficiency and waste reduction: electric motors, steam, compressed air, combined heat and power, and the Industrial Assessment Centers (IACs). By promoting the use of available technologies, Technical Assistance helps industry immediately impact its bottom-line performance and build its position in global markets.

The depolymerization of organosolv-derived lignins by bases in methanol or ethanol solvent was studied in rapidly heated batch microreactors. The conversion of lignin to ether solubles by KOH in methanol or ethanol was rapid at 290 "C, reaching the maximum value within 10-15 minutes. An excess of base relative to Lignin monomer units was required for maximum conversion. Strong bases (KOH, NaOH, CSOH) convert more of the lignin to ether soluble material than do weaker bases LiOH, Ca(OH)2, and NacCO2). Ethanol and methanol are converted to acetic and formic acid respectively under the reaction conditions with an activation energy of approximately 50 kcal/mol. This results in a loss of solvent, but more importantly neutralizes the base catalyst, halting forward progress of the reaction.

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The stability of composite positive and negative electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries is discussed. Positive electrodes with spinel-type structures that are derived from orthorhombic-LiMnO{sub 2} and layered-MnO{sub 2} are significantly more stable than standard spinel Li[Mn{sub 2}]O{sub 4} electrodes when cycled electrochemically over both the 4-V and 3-V plateaus in lithium cells. Transmission electron microscope data of cycled electrodes have indicated that a composite domain structure accounts for this greater electrochemical stability. The performance of composite Cu{sub x}Sn materials as alternative negative electrodes to amorphous SnO{sub x} electrodes for lithium-ion batteries is discussed in terms of the importance of the concentration of the electrochemically inactive copper component in the electrode.

The University awarded a contract for the design of the Contained Firing Facility (CFF) to Parsons Infrastructure & Technology, Inc. of Pasadena, California. The Laboratory specified that the firing chamber be able to withstand repeated firings of 60 Kg of explosive located in the center of the chamber, 4 feet above the floor, and repeated firings of 35 Kg of explosive at the same height and located anywhere within 2 feet of the edge of a region on the floor called the anvil. Other requirements were that the chamber be able to accommodate the penetrations of the existing bullnose of the Bunker 801 flash X-ray machine and the roof of the underground camera room. For the sole purpose of calculating the explosive firing zones, it is assumed that the above requirements will be met by the completed facility. These requirements and provisions for blast resistant doors formed the essential basis for the design. The design efforts resulted in a steel-reinforced concrete structure measuring (on the inside) 55 x 51 feet by 30 feet high. The walls and ceiling are to be approximately 6 feet thick. Because the 60 Kg charge is not located in the geometric center of the volume …

This decision document presents the selected remedial alternative for the Motor Shops Seepage Basin located at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina

The overall goal of this project is to assess the economic feasibility of CO{sub 2} flooding the naturally fractured Spraberry Trend Area in West Texas. This objective is being accomplished by conducting research in four areas: (1) extensive characterization of the reservoirs, (2) experimental studies of crude oil/brine/rock (COBR) interactions in the reservoirs, (3) reservoir performance analysis, and, (4) experimental investigations on CO2 gravity drainage in Spraberry whole cores. This report provides results of the third year of the five-year project for each of the four areas including a status report of field activities leading up to injection of CO2.

The HSV in storage in MTF has been monitored, and the gas sampled and analyzed. The net conclusion is that no significant He evolution has occurred to date, and thus the HSV is performing as expected. The annual resorption isotherms have been recorded on a titanium tritide sample with 582 total days tritium exposure, and no significant effects have been noted. A gas sample was also taken from the test cell and analyzed.

Air-plasma-sprayed zirconia thermal barrier coatings were subjected to thermal cycling and residual stress evolution in thermally grown oxide scale was studied by micro- and macro-ruby fluorescence spectroscopy. The macro approach reveals that compressive stress in the oxide scale increases with increasing number of thermal cycles (and thus increasing scale thickness), reaching a value of 1.8 GPa at a scale thickness of 3-4 {micro}m (80 cycles). Micro-ruby fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that protrusions of the zirconia top coat into the bond coat act as localized areas of high stress concentration, leading to damage initiation during thermal cycling.

Measurements of transverse beam size are tremendously important to the performance of e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} linear colliders. In this paper we review the traditional technologies used to make such measurements, such as profile monitors and wire scanners, and the limitations on same. We then introduce a new tool for electron beam size measurement: Compton-scattered laser light, which may be used as an unbreakable ''wire'' or in the form of an interferometer beam size monitor. We describe the use of such an interferometer BSM, noting both the general issues related to its design and operation and the specific experiences with such an interferometer at the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) at SLAC. We conclude by considering the ultimate limits of the laser-interferometer BSM.