Modern surface science studies have explored a large number of metal catalyst systems. Three classes of catalytic reactions can be identified: (1) those that occur over the metal surface; (2) reactions that take place on top of a strongly adsorbed overlayer and (3) reactions that occur on co-adsorbate modified surfaces. Case histories for each class are presented. 44 refs., 13 figs., 3 tabs.

Fuel performance models based on empirical evidence are used to predict particle failure and fission product release in the design of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). Advances in HTGR fuel performance models have improved the agreement between observed and predicted performance and contributed to an enhanced position of the HTGR with regard to investment risk and passive safety. Heavy metal contamination is the source of about 55% of the circulating activity in the HTGR during normal operation, and the remainder comes primarily from particles which failed because of defective or missing buffer coatings. These failed particles make up about 5 x 10/sup -4/ fraction of the total core inventory. In addition to prediction of fuel performance during normal operation, the models are used to determine fuel failure and fission product release during core heat-up accident conditions. The mechanistic nature of the models, which incorporate all important failure modes, permits the prediction of performance from the relatively modest accident temperatures of a passively safe HTGR to the much more severe accident conditions of the larger 2240-MW(t) HTGR.

Louis De Broglie and M. Capek have described some interesting similarities between the philosophical ideas of Henri Bergson and the profound conceptual changes introduced into physics by quantum theory and the theory of relativity. These similarities are neither identities nor direct causal links, and hence physicists are likely to regard them as mere curiosities having no import for the development of science. However, another view is possible: if Bergson's thinking presaged, at least in spirit, these two revolutionary advances in physics then his intuitions may accord sufficiently with nature to provide useful guidance in the approach to other deep problems in science. Pursuing this idea I shall indicate here how Bergson's intuitions suggest a possible approach to perhaps the fundamental problem of contemporary science, namely the problem of constructing an overarching theoretical framework for unifying the various branches of science from psychology through biology to physics. 19 refs.

Data on the change of detonation velocity and Chapman-Jouget pressure vs initial HE density for RDX and HMX have been compared with the theoretical predictions of Ree for PBX 9404. Ree's model predicts breaks or changes in the slope of these curves due to the solidification of carbon and the formation of a separate, nitrogen-rich phase. There is good evidence for the solidification of carbon at rho/sub 0/ about 1.15 g/cc, but the evidence for the nitrogen phase separation at rho/sub 0/ about 1.56 g/cc is conflicting. 14 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

A counter current extraction system is proposed here to recover tritium from /sup 17/Li-/sup 83/Pb. The multiple stage extraction system is used to reduce the resistance to the molecular diffusion in the liquid phase, while a counter current helium purge gas is used to reduce the resistance in the gas phase. To reduce the purge gas requirement and alleviate the tritium containment problem, hydrogen is added to the purge gas. An isotope separation system is designed to separate the hydrogen from the tritium.

A description of a fusion breeding blanket concept using draw salt coolant and static /sup 17/Li-/sup 83/Pb is presented. /sup 17/Li-/sup 83/Pb has high breeding capability and low tritium solubility. Draw salt operates at low pressure and is inert to water. Corrosion, MHD, and tritium containment problems associated with the MARS design are alleviated because of the use of a static LiPb blanket. Blanket tritium recovery is by permeation toward the plasma. A direct contact steam generator is proposed to eliminate some generic problems associated with a tube shell steam generator.

This report provides a handbook of data concerning particle solid interactions that are relevant to plasma-wall interactions in fusion devices. Published data have been collected, assessed, and represented by a single functional relationship which is presented in both tabular and graphical form. Mechanisms reviewed here include sputtering, secondary electron emission, particle reflection, and trapping.

Over 1300 ft of core obtained from 50 boreholes are described, with emphasis on the nature and orientations of geologic discontinuities in the Climax Stock. Although most of the core was not oriented with respect to global coordinates, approximate orientations of planar features, such as joints, veins, and sheer fractures, were obtained by taking core measurements relative to a set of low-angle joints found throughout the rock mass. The method for determining the approximate core orientation is described in detail, and the associated uncertainty is discussed. A graphic fracture log for each hole is provided, along with the computer code used to generate it.

Public use of nuclear byproducts, especially radioactive isotopes, will require approval by various regulatory agencies. Use of cesium-137 as an irradiation source for sterilizing medical products will require US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approval. Two applications have been filed with NRC, and approval is expected soon. Widespread use of irradiation for food products depends on a favorable ruling by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A ruling is pending that would permit irradiation of fruits and vegetables up to 100 krad. NRC also controls the use of isotopes in remote power generators, but little regulatory action has been required in recent years. Recent development of radioluminescent (RL) lighting for runway lights has led to interest by commercial manufacturers. At the present time, a license has been issued to at least one manufacturer for sale of tritium-powered runway lights. 28 refs., 1 fig.

Selected transport media consisting of mineral salt additions (Na/sup +/, Cl/sup -/, Ca/sup + +/, PO/sub 4//sup -3/, HCO/sub 3//sup -/, and Mg/sup + +/), mineral salts plus tranquilizing concentrations of tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222), or MS-222 alone were tested for their ability to mitigate stress and increase smolt survival during single and mixed species hauling of Columbia River spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Successful stress mitigation was afforded by several formulations as indicated by protection against life-threatening osmoregulatory and other physiological dysfunctions, and against immediate and delayed hauling mortality. Effects on the seawater survival and growth of smolts hauled in transport media were used as the overall criterion of success. Of the fourteen chemical formulations tested, 10 ppM MS-222 emerged as top-rated in terms of ability to mitigate physiological stress during single and mixed species transport of juvenile spring chinook salmon at hauling densities of 0.5 or 1.0 lb/gallon. Immediate and delayed mortalities from hauling stress were also reduced, but benefits to early marine growth and survival were limited to about the first month in seawater. The two physical factors tested (reduced light intensity and water temperature) were generally less effective than mineral salt …

A modest proof-of-principle effort has been conducted to investigate melt casting as a process for compacting SrF/sub 2/ to near theoretical density. A nonradioactive SrF/sub 2/ mixture, similar in chemical composition and method of prepartion to SrF/sub 2/ encapsulated at the Hanford Waste Encapsulation and Storage Facility (WESF) was used for the test evaluations. Hard, dimensionally stable, monolithic ingots that are >98% of theoretical density have been produced. Significant chemical purification from Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, Na and Zr has been demonstrated.

We describe the broad band neutrino beam in the north area of the AGS and discuss the calculation of the neutrino flux. The horns were initially designed by Robert Palmer and this beam has been used for almost all neutrino running at the AGS. All of the wide band running for E734 has been done in the beam we discuss. E734 is an experiment designed to measure elastic scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos on electrons and protons. The detector is sufficiently large (approx. =170 tons) that enough events can be detected to make precision measurements of cross sections. In particular, the reaction nu/sub ..mu../ + e ..-->.. nu/sub ..mu../ + e has been detected with more than 100 events, requiring a detailed understanding of the beam characteristics for normalization.

Progress is reported on the following measurements: the leakage multiplication from hollow beryllium spheres; /sup 6/Li and /sup 7/Li neutron-induced tritium production cross sections at 15 MeV; fast neutron fission yields; /sup 238/U(t,X) cross sections; neutron capture cross sections for /sup 86/ /sup 87/Sr at stellar temperatures; influence of realistic single particle spacings on precompound decay spectra; spontaneous fissions from a source of /sup 260/Md; and excitation functions from proton and deutron bombardment of natural Ti. Progress on the following calculations are reported: using modeled discrete levels; modeling level structures of odd-odd deformed nuclei; test of a phenomenological model of odd-odd deformed nuclei (an ARC study of /sup 176/Lu); absolute dipole gamma-ray strength functions for /sup 176/Lu; Gamow-Teller matrix elements for the /sup 11/B(p,n)/sup 11/C reaction at Ep = 26 MeV; K-distribution for neutron fission of /sup 232/Th; shell model study of the /sup 71/Ga(nu, anti e)/sup 71/Ge neutrino detector; and extension of microscopic models for neutron and proton scattering to inelastic scattering and charge-exchange reactions. Also, the status of the re-evaluation of the /sup 9/Be(n, 2n) reaction is given. (WHK)

Comprehensive spectroscopic data tables are presented for all ions of Fe. Tables of ionization potentials, wave lengths of spectral lines, atomic energy levels, and transition probabilities are given which were excerpted from general critical compilations. All utilized compilations are less than five years old and include data on electric dipole as well as magnetic dipole transitions.

Hybrid codes in which part of the plasma is represented as particles and the rest as fluid are discussed. In the past few years such codes with particle ions and massless, fluid electrons have been applied to space plasmas, especially to collisionless shocks. All of these simulation codes are one-dimensional and similar in structure, except for how the field equation are solved. We describe in detail the various approaches that are used (resistive Ohm's law, predictor-corrector, Hamiltonian) and compare results from the various codes with examples taken from collisionless shocks and low frequency wave phenomena upstream of shocks.

During the last couple of years there has been considerable concern expressed among the US high energy community as to whether detector limitations would prevent one from being able to fully exploit a luminosity of 10/sup 33/ cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ at a hadron-hadron high energy collider. As a result of these concerns, a considerable amount of work has been done recently in trying to understand the nature of potential difficulties and the required R and D that needs to be performed. A lot of this work has been summarized in the 1984 DPF Summer Study at Snowmass. This paper attempts to review some of these results. This work is limited to the discussion of detector problems associated with the study of high energy hadron-hadron collisions. We shall start with the discussion of the desirable features of the detectors and of the SSC environment in which they will have to work. After a brief discussion of the model 4..pi.. detectors, we shall discuss specific detector aspects: lepton identification, tracking, calorimetry and computing and triggering. We shall end with some remarks about possible future course of events. 15 refs., 10 figs.

Extensive observations and analyses of the emission spectra of neutral and singly ionized curium, Cm I and Cm II, have resulted in the determination of 785 Cm I and 598 Cm II energy levels. These levels then combine to classify 9145 of the more than 14,250 lines of /sup 244/Cm observed between 240 and 2650 nm. Most of the levels have Lande g-values from Zeeman effect data and isotope shifts trom measurements of spectra from sources with various enrichments of /sup 244/Cm, /sup 245/Cm, /sup 246/Cm, and /sup 248/Cm. These data allowed many levels to be assigned to specific electronic configurations. The ground configurations of Cm I and Cm II are (Rn) 5f/sup 7/6d7s/sup 2/ and (Rn) 5f/sup 7/7s/sup 2/, respectively. The realtive energies of other electronic configurations of Cm are given and compared with analogous configurations in other actinides and in Gd its lanthanide analogue. 2 refs., 5 figs., 7 tabs.

Conventional reservoir engineering studies have, in the past, dealt mainly with interpretation of pressure transient effects in a reservoir. Present-day techniques can be used in many reservoirs to forecast with some reliability the probability, magnitude and timing of pressure interference among wells. However, forecasting fluid breakthrough from an injection well to a production well in geologically complex geothermal reservoirs is not presently possible with any reliability, and forecasting thermal breakthrough is even more difficult. In addition, the chemical effects of injection are poorly understood at present, and it is not possible to predict beforehand the full range of scaling and aquifer plugging problems that may be encountered. This report discusses development of chemical tracers specifically designed for geothermal applications so that breakthrough of injectate can be detected early, and field and laboratory studies on the chemical interactions among reservoir fluids, reservoir rocks and injected fluids so that these interactions can be quantified and models developed for predicting any degradation (or enhancement) of permeability.

Temperature rise and gradient on the high accelerating gradient section following the positron target and their effects on positron dynamics are discussed. 4 references, 2 figures, 1 table.

From a general consideration of atomic models, the Z of elements cannot exceed 1/..cap alpha.., where ..cap alpha.. is the fine structure constant. Combined with a knowledge of nuclear physics, we may conclude that the limit on strong interaction is that no long-lived nucleus exists beyond Z = 1/..cap alpha...

The magnetic field of the solar corona evolves quasistatically in response to slowly changing photospheric boundary conditions. The magnetic topology is preserved by the low resistivity of the solar atmosphere. We show that a magnetic flux coordinate system simplifies the problem of calculating field evolution with invariant topology. As an example, we calculate the equilibrium of a thin magnetic flux tube with small twist per unit length.

The purpose and goals of the Scientific Deep Drilling Program have been outlined in previous documents. The purpose of this report is to provide supporting documentation for the engineering recommendations and detailed specifications associated with the drilling program. The drilling plan developed for Bechtel and described in the report has been revised several times due to changes in the project scope and project guidelines. Some of these changes were made due to the unforeseen cost implications associated with certain drilling operations and specifications. Some of the revisions were in response to DOE requests to Bechtel. The revisions have required the rewriting of some of the draft input for resubmission to Bechtel. [DJE-2005]

This standard establishes engineering requirements for the design of nuclear power plants and nuclear test facilities to accommodate vibratory effects of earthquakes.

This standard establishes engineering requirements for the design of nuclear power plants and nuclear test facilities to accommodate vibratory effects of earthquakes.