Hydraulic fracturing experiments were conducted in granite rock, at temperatures near 100 and 150/sup 0/C, in two wells 0.785 km (2575 ft) and 1.98 km (6500 ft) deep near Los Alamos, New Mexico. No unusual difficulty was observed in fracturing crystalline rock hydraulically. The apparent surface energy (energy required to create new fracture surface by breaking the rock) was measured as 100 J/m/sup 2/. Orientation of the deeper fracture was measured as N35/sup 0/E (+-5/sup 0/). The fraction of fluid injected into the rock that could be recovered at hydrostatic surface pressure was measured. The efficiency of recovery was as high as 92 percent after the fracture impedance was lowered by ''propping'' the fracture with sand. Permeability of the rock over the face of the fracture was compatible with laboratory measurements (10/sup -7/ to 10/sup -8/ darcys). Downhole pressures required to extend the fractures were about 150 and 340 bars (2175 and 4900 psi), respectively.

The Brookhaven National Laboratory Archive and Dissemination System (BNLADS) is designed to deal with the record keeping associated with archiving and disseminating sequential files through a computer network. This data base management system (DBMS) is implemented in a host language that is a subset of PL/I. The stored sequential files that can be dealt with by the BNLADS must be in character mode (ASCII, BCD, EBCDIC). The accessing of fields is specified by a format description which allows for forward processing of fields only. The structure of a case type statement allows for a data field determining a format sequence from a set of format sequences. A data description language (DDL) was devised to describe the accessing sequence of stored sequential files. A data model definition gives the user a view of the content of each stored sequential file. The DDL requires all field type references to contain the field name, so that the BNLADS can access all stored sequential files by logical field name and can write stored sequential files by stating the logical field name without the necessity of referring to formats. The BNLADS is architected in a stratified form in which the application programs are built on …

Application of a two-phase turbine system to waste heat recovery was examined. Bottoming cycle efficiencies ranging from 15 to 30% were calculated for a 720/sup 0/F diesel exhaust temperature. A single stage demonstration unit, designed for non-toxic fluids (water and DowTherm A) and for atmospheric seals and bearings, had a cycle efficiency of 23%. The net output power was 276 hp at 8,100 rpm, increasing the total shaft power from 1,800 hp for the diesel alone, to 2,076 hp for the combined system. A four stage organic turbine, for the same application, had a rotational speed of 14,700 rpm while a four stage steam turbine had 26,000 rpm. Fabrication drawings were prepared for the turbine and nozzle. The major improvement leading to higher cycle efficiency and lower turbine rpm was found to be the use of a liquid component with lower sensible heat. A reduction in capital cost was found to result from the use of a contact heat exchanger instead of tube-fin construction. The cost for a contact heat exchanger was only $35-52/kWe compared to $98/kWe for a tube-fin heat exchanger. Design drawings and materials list were prepared. A program resulting in the demonstration of a two-phase bottoming system …

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A drywell pressurization test was conducted at LLL on February 1, 1977, as part of the NRC /sup 1///sub 5/ scale pressure suppression experiment. A series of four test runs were completed with predicted initial drywell pressurization rates of 14.0, 18.6, 23.0, and 26.0 psi/sec (96.5, 128, 159, and 179 kPa/sec). Each test run consisted of charging various combinations of bottles with nitrogen under high pressure, evacuating the drywell to /sup 1///sub 5/ atmosphere, and opening a valve between the two to allow quick pressurization of the drywell. The pressure-time signatures of all four test runs were in excellent agreement with predicted results made through (1) a computer model developed at LLL and (2) the CONTEMPT-LT computer code which was run by E.G. and G. at the I.N.E.L. Based on the results of the test, only very minor adjustments will be made for the upcoming nitrogen tests with the drywell and toroidal wetwell system linked together.

The emission cross sections and Einstein A coefficients of the microwave transitions of numerous molecules of astrophysical interest are presented.

The tritium effluent control project to reduce emissions at Mound Laboratory and its application to liquid wastes are described. Research progress reported includes increasing the power of the Nd:YAG laser for detritiating voluminous wastes by molecular photoexcitation, and analysis of gas produced from tritiated water and octane. (DLC)

This status report to the Nuclear Data Committee from LLL summarizes work in the areas of standards, nuclear data applications, nuclear data for safeguards, and nuclear data compilation. A few of these papers, though brief, do contain data. 9 figures, 2 tables. (RWR)

The special kinds of demands placed on ERDA weapons and reactors require them to have very reliable welds. Process control is critical in achieving this reliability. ERDA has a number of advanced process control projects underway with much of the emphasis being on electron beam welding. These include projects on voltage measurement, beam-current control, beam focusing, beam spot tracking, spike suppression, and computer control. A general discussion of process control in welding is followed by specific examples of some of the advanced joining process control projects in ERDA.

Double containment in Hastelloy C-276 capsules is used. Remote filling, welding, and handling operations unavoidably contaminate the capsule surface with strontium fluoride in a form that is extremely difficult to remove. Electropolishing was investigated as an alternative surface decontamination technique for the inner storage capsule. Initial feasibility studies using contaminated dummy capsules and capsule sections demonstrated the ability of electropolishing to rapidly and effectively remove the external strontium fluoride contamination. A 20-l electropolishing system incorporating a cylindrical cathode to preserve capsule dimensions and special design features to facilitate remote manipulator operation was developed for installation in the B-plant encapsulation facility. The following supporting studies also were conducted to establish optimum operating conditions and to test the capsule facility design concepts: operating parameter, solution life, spectral emittance, and capsule profile. (12 fig)(DLC).

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is currently involved in a 1/5 scale testing program on the Mark I BWR pressure suppression system. A key element of the test setup is a pressure vessel that is a 90/sup 0/ sector of a torus. Proper performance of the 90/sup 0/ torus depends on its structural integrity and structural dynamic characteristics. It must sustain the internal pressurization of the planned tests, and its dynamic response to the transient test loads should be minimal. If the structural vibrations are too great, interpretation of important load cell and pressure transducer data will be difficult. The purpose of the report is to bring together under one cover calculations pertaining to the structural dynamic characteristics and structural integrity of 90/sup 0/ torus. The report is divided into the following sections: (1) system description in which the torus and associated hardware are briefly described; (2) structural dynamics in which calculations of natural frequency and dynamic response are presented; and (3) structural integrity in which stress calculations for design purposes are presented; and an appendix which contains an LLL internal report comparing the expected load cell response for a three and four-point supported torus.

Lithium flows on the inside surface of a porous spherical shell are analyzed to determine their stability characteristics against small perturbations in (1) the film thickness, (2) the colatitude component of the lithium velocity, and (3) the rate of mass supply of lithium through the porous wall. A linearized stability analysis is developed, and it is concluded that lithium film flows are stable against these types of perturbations.

An interactive code, FOOD, has been written in BASIC for the UNIVAC 1108 to facilitate calculation of internal radiation doses to man from radionuclides in food products. In the dose model, vegetation may be contaminated by either air or irrigation water containing radionuclides. The model considers two mechanisms for radionuclide contamination of vegetation: direct deposition of leaves, and uptake from soil through the root system. The user may select up to 14 food categories with corresponding consumption rates, growing periods, and either irrigation rates or atmospheric deposition rates. These foods include various kinds of produce, grains, and animal products. At present, doses may be calculated for the total body and six internal organs from 186 radionuclides. Dose summaries can be displayed at the local terminal. Further details on percent contribution to dose by nuclide and by food type are available from an auxiliary high-speed printer. This output also includes estimated radionuclide concentrations in soil, plants, and animal products.

The new approach for the solution of the Vlasov equation for complex magnetic field geometries and for the determination of ensuing stability criteria for microinstabilities has been developed further by estimation of various parameters in the contexts of Tokamak and Tormac regimes, by carrying out analytically the averaging over the fast cyclotron motion to obtain a compact expression for the dispersion equation, and by considering the ensuing results for stability of the drift wave in various parameter domains. The study of high-..beta.., high shear plasma sheath structures has continued both analytically and through computation work. Results in the Vlasov-fluid model for simple ion distribution functions indicate a relation for maximum shear the sheath can support for a given ..beta... The effect of the rotation of the main plasma on the sheath structure, the coupling of the main plasma to the sheath and its rotational damping, and the formation of a viscous boundary layer between the sheath and the plasma have been investigated.

Crushing of HTGR fuel elements is accomplished by a three-stage crushing system consisting of two overhead eccentric jaw crushers, a double-roll crusher, and an oversize reduction system to ensure complete reduction to the desired size. The crushing system is mounted in a special framework which enables gravity flow, eliminates material transport, and minimizes material holdup. The system has been designated UNIFRAME because of the integrated nature of the equipment. This report addresses the demonstration of semiremote maintenance of the crusher in a nonradioactive environment. Although the crusher maintenance system has some remote handling capability inherent in its design, the scope of this initial program is limited to the handling of selected components and allows for manual assistance in certain circumstances. This mode of operation is designated semiremote maintenance and is intended as an effort to gather experience.

Presented is an evaluated graphical and tabular compilation of atomic and molecular cross sections of interest to controlled thermonuclear research. The cross sections are tabulated and graphed as a function of energy for collision processes involving heavy particles, electrons, and photons with atoms and ions. Also included are sections on data for particle penetration through macroscopic matter, particle transport properties, particle interactions with surfaces, and pertinent charged particle nuclear cross sections and reaction rates. In most cases estimates have been made of the data accuracy.

Presented is an evaluated graphical and tabular compilation of atomic and molecular cross sections of interest to controlled thermonuclear research. The cross sections are tabulated and graphed as a function of energy for collision processes involving heavy particles, electrons, and photons with atoms and ions. Also included are sections on data for particle penetration through macroscopic matter, particle transport properties, particle interactions with surfaces, and pertinent charged particle nuclear cross sections and reaction rates. In most cases estimates have been made of the data accuracy.

The interaction of oxygen with a thorium metal surface is being studied by monitoring the luminescence of thorium in an electron beam. By combining luminescence measurements with Auger electron spectroscopy data, it is possible to distinguish between processes that depend upon the oxygen pressure at the sample surface, and those that depend only upon the amount of adsorbed oxygen.

A total of 15 vascular plant taxa, currently appearing on the Endangered Species list, occur in southern Nye County, Nevada, and/or adjacent Inyo County, California. It is the purpose of this report to record in detail the locations of the plant collections upon which the distributions are based, and other information relevant to their status as Endangered Species, and to recommend the areas to be designated critical habitats.

METER is a Monte Carlo computer program which can be used to simulate the interaction between independent random variables and their effects on one or more dependent random variables. The program is easy to use for simple simulations but is capable of accommodating complex simulations. METER processes input, generates random numbers from several common frequency distributions under user control, performs the simulation which the user has coded in FORTRAN, and displays results.

In the first part of this paper, energy consumption trends to the year 2000 are estimated for 110 different industrial sectors and for household and government final demand sectors, and these trends are compared with historical 1947-to-1967 trends. For most sectors, energy consumption is expected to increase much less rapidly in the 1967-1985 period than it did in the 1947-1967 period as a result of the recent large energy price increases. Between 1985 and 2000, the rate of growth of energy consumption continues to moderate for most purchasing sectors primarily because of a slackening in output growth rates rather than because of any further decrease in per unit of output energy requirements. These future trends are estimated under the assumption that post-1976 energy price increases will be moderate. In the second part of the paper, alternative strategies for further reducing future energy consumption are considered, and a data base is presented for use in analyzing the effects of implementing the alternative strategies.

The influence of additions of aluminum and combinations of aluminum and silicon to AISI 4340 steels was investigated. The mechanical properties such as strength, fracture toughness (K/sub Ic/), and impact toughness (C/sub v/) were obtained for the modified steels in the quenched and tempered condition. The microstructure was characterized using optical and transmission electron microscopy. The fracture surfaces and inclusions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and an energy dispersive analysis of x-rays unit. It was observed that the softening which normally occurs on tempering AISI 4340 steel was retarded by additions of either aluminum or combinations of aluminum and silicon. The effect of aluminum on the tempering reactions in steel appeared to be similar to that of silicon. The tempered martensite embrittlement phenomenon in AISI 4340 steel occurred at higher tempering temperatures in the presence of silicon and/or aluminum. Significant improvements in the strength and toughness of quenched and tempered 4340 steel were obtained through silicon and/or aluminum additions. An attempt was made to correlate microstructure with the observed mechanical properties. The fracture surfaces features associated with the initiation of fast fracture for all the heat treated conditions investigated indicated that the operative fracture mode was complex.

The data base management system described was designed from the specifications in the CODASYL Data Base Task Group report but with several important modifications. The basic design consideration of ADBMS was to produce a data base management system for a Problem Statement Analyzer developed by the ISDOS project at the University of Michigan. It has since been modified by the Data Translation Project at the University of Michigan for internal DBMS support for their Data Translator. Although developed for internal use, it can be used independently as a data base management system. It is attractive because of its small memory requirements, its ability to use FORTRAN or COBOL as the host language, and its ability to define and use network structures. This manual documents the version of ADBMS which was received from the Defense Communication Agency as part of the Data Translation software which was developed under government contract. (RWR)

Since 1971 discussions have been held at Brookhaven National Laboratory on the desirability of construction of a storage ring which would be used exclusively for production of intense beams of photons with wavelengths in the ultraviolet and X-ray ranges. A proposal is given which discusses in detail the machine, its characteristics, and its expected uses. The proposal includes: (1) characteristics of synchrotron radiation; (2) scientific justification for a synchrotron radiation facility; (3) facility design; (4) wiggler magnets; (5) experimental facilities; (6) buildings and utilities; (7) construction schedules, costs, and manpower; and (8) environmental assessment.