The primary objective of the Accident Initiation and Progression Analysis (AIPA) Program is to provide guidance for high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) safety research and development. Among the parameters considered in estimating the uncertainties in site boundary doses are uncertainties in fission product source terms generated under normal operating conditions, i.e., fuel body inventories, circulating coolant activity, total plateout activity in the primary circuit, and plateout distributions. The volume presented documents the analyses of these source term uncertainties. The results are used for the detailed consequence evaluations, and they provide the basis for evaluation of fission products important for HTGR maintenance and shielding.

Results are reported from experiments that involved either single or multiple doses of benzo(a)pyrene in mouse skin followed by prolonged observation. Preliminary results indicate linearity in dose and time and no evidence of recovery or enhancement for multiple doses of initiator given for extended periods of time. (auth)

This document presents a common cause failure analysis for Critical LMFBR Shutdown Heat Removal Systems. The report is intended to outline a systematic approach to defining areas with significant potential for common causes of failure, and ultimately provide inputs to the reliability prediction model. A preliminary evaluation of postulatd single initiating causes resulting in multiple failures of LMFBR-SHRS items is presented in Appendix C. This document will be periodically updated to reflect new information and activity.

A computer program is described which calculates nuclide concentration histories, power or neutron flux histories, burnups, and fission-product birthrates for fueled experimental capsules subjected to neutron irradiations. Seventeen heavy nuclides in the chain from $sup 232$Th to $sup 242$Pu and a user- specified number of fission products are treated. A fourth-order Runge-Kutta calculational method solves the differential equations for nuclide concentrations as a function of time. For a particular problem, a user-specified number of fuel regions may be treated. A fuel region is described by volume, length, and specific irradiation history. A number of initial fuel compositions may be specified for each fuel region. The irradiation history for each fuel region can be divided into time intervals, and a constant power density or a time-dependent neutron flux is specified for each time interval. Also, an independent cross- section set may be selected for each time interval in each irradiation history. The fission-product birthrates for the first composition of each fuel region are summed to give the total fission-product birthrates for the problem.

The annotated bibliography is divided into sections on chemistry and geochemistry, migration and accumulation, cultural distributions, natural distributions, and bibliographies and annual reviews. (LK)

The linear thermal expansion of stoichiometric /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ was measured over the range 25 to 1600/sup 0/. The value of ..delta..L/L/sub 0/ per degree C, calculated from the data, is ..delta..L/L/sub 0/ = -2.249 x 10/sup -4/ + 9.020 x 10/sup -6/T - 1.130 x 10/sup -9/T/sup 2/ + 1.525 x 10/sup -12/T/sup 3/.

The unique constraints imposed on the interactions of energetic heavy ions as a result of the channeling effect are utilized to investigate the phenomenon of radiative electron capture (REC) for 17 to 40 MeV oxygen ions. Measured cross-sections and widths of the REC radiation are compared with calculations made specifically for the channeling situation.

The distribution of induced /sup 15/O and /sup 11/C activity in live and dead rats was determined following local irradiation with a 32 MeV proton beam. Results indicate that rapid biological redistribution of some of the induced activity occurs within a minute following irradiation. Sufficient activity remains, bound in the intracellular water, to define the proton beam in tissue. Thus, mapping of the induced /sup 15/O activity proves to be a valid means of beam localization.

Typical-event rapidity distributions expected at energies of a few TeV are calculated in a stochastic-field multiparticle production theory. Short range rapidity correlations with characteristics of a Van der Waals fluid give rise to ''domain'' patterns in rapidity density, which have the appearance of clusters separated by rapidity gaps. (auth)

It is shown from quasilinear theory that an initially isotropic magnetized plasma will be forced into an anisotropic state in ion-cyclotron resonance heating. Strong heating of perpendicular ion temperature and strong cooling of longitudinal temperature should occur simultaneously. The maximum temperature ratio predicted by quasilinear theory is in exact agreement with that predicted from basic thermodynamic arguments by Busnardo--Neto, Dawson, Kamimura and Lin. Heating by fast hydromagnetic wave is also examined. (auth)

Progress is summarized in the areas of radioactivity control technology, sodium systems development, sodium systems engineering, and sodium systems analysis.

The distribution of /sup 210/Pb and /sup 210/Po in dissolved (less than 0.4 micron) and particulate (greater than 0.4 micron) phases was measured at ten stations in the tropical and eastern North Atlantic and at two stations in the Pacific. Both radionuclides occur principally in the dissolved phase. Unsupported /sup 210/Pb activities, maintained by flux from the atmosphere, were present in the surface mixed layer and penetrated into the thermocline to depths of about 500 m. Dissolved /sup 210/Po was ordinarily present in the mixed layer at less than equilibrium concentrations, suggesting rapid biological removal of this nuclide. Particulate matter was enriched in /sup 210/Po, with /sup 210/Po//sup 210/Pb activity ratios greater than 1.0, similar to those reported for phytoplankton. Box-model calculations yield a 2-y residence time for /sup 210/Pb and a 0.6-y residence time for /sup 210/Po in the mixed layer. These residence times are considerably longer than the time calculated for turnover of particles in the mixed layer (about 0.1 y). At depths of 100 to 300 m, /sup 210/Po maxima occurred and unsupported /sup 210/Po was frequently present. Calculations indicate that at least 50 percent of the /sup 210/Po removed from the mixed layer is re-cycled within …

Progress is summarized in the areas of equipment development, analytical chemistry, supporting work, quality assurance, and irradiation tests.

A new approach for the solution of the Vlasov equation for complex magnetic field geometries has been developed using operator techniques. The general approach is illustrated by determining the perturbed distribution function and density operator for the problem of shear stabilization of drift waves for transverse and arbitrary directions of propagation. The ensuing corrections to stability criteria of current theories are obtained for certain domains of physical parameters. Preliminary work on the integral equation approach to the dispersion relation has been initiated. As a prelude to the study of particle orbits in complex mirror geometries, the adiabatic and non-adiabatic behavior of a harmonic oscillator has been studied using operator methods. High-..beta.., high shear plasma sheath configurations have been studied with the full ion dynamics taken into account and electrons treated in the zero and first order approximation, in the ratio of the electron Larmor radius to the scale length. The resulting sheath structure equation in the lowest order approximation has been solved for certain entering ion distributions, and prepared for computer analysis for others. In this approximation the electron current parallel to magnetic field lines has to be assumed suppressed or predetermined. Equations in the next order approximation include the …

A status report of microinstability as it applies to 2XIIB and MX theory for mirror machines is presented. It is shown that quasilinear computations reproduce many of the parameters observed in the 2XIIB experiment. In regard to large mirror machines, there are presented detailed calculations of the linear theory of the drift cyclotron loss-cone mode, with inhomogeneous geometry and nonlinear diffusive effects. Further, the stability of a mirror machine to the Alfven ion-cyclotron instability is assessed, and the Baldwin- Callen diffusion is estimated for a spatially varying plasma. (auth)

The structural design aspects of a linear theta-pinch hybrid reactor (LTPHR) are centered in the solenoidal adiabatic compression coil (ACC) which must support the high magnetic pulse forces that tend to expand the coil and separate the leads. The structural model is represented by the theory of elasticity solution to a thick-walled cylinder. Dynamic amplification (or attenuation) is considered by a shock spectrum technique. A composite material is postulated, where the conductor material for each strand is clad with a high-strength stainless steel with insulation considered. Yield strength (for isolated-pulse operation) and endurance limit (for repetitive-pulse operation) for the high-strength steel impose magnetic field strength constraints on the coil design. These constraints are combined in an overall energy balance calculation that includes neutronic considerations to determine an optimum ACC design. The computer code ENBAL was used to incorporate neutronic, electrical, and structural constraints into the overall energy balance of the LTPHR. The lead separation problem is solved by designing spaced clamps to hold the leads together over great distances.

A fast-neutron pinhole camera with high detection efficiency and nanosecond time-resolution has been developed and applied to the investigation of the spatial and temporal distributions of DD- and DT-neutrons produced by thermonuclear plasmas. The pinhole consists of a specially designed 1.15 m long copper collimator with an effective aperture of 1 mm diameter. Several different types of spatial resolution detectors have been used at the image plane: (1) a multi-element, scintillation-photomultiplier system used for time-resolved measurements consisting of sixty-one individual detectors, (2) a scintillation-fiber-chamber coupled to a gated image-intensifier tube used for direct photographing of the neutron image, and (3) a propane bubble chamber used for time-integrated recording with a capability to distinguish DD- from DT-neutrons. Pulsed neutron sources with typical dimensions of 1 cm emitting of the order of 10/sup 12/ neutrons over a time period of 10-100 nsec have been investigated. A spatial resolution of 1 mm and a time resolution of approximately 10 nsec was achieved in the investigations of dense plasma compression phenomena.

The behavior of a cylindrical field emission diode (radial potential approximately 200 kV) was studied in the presence of an externally applied axial magnetic field B less than or equal to 16 kG. Observations made of the space charge-limited electron current (approximately 50 kA) compare favorably with theory which takes into account the presence of both the external axial magnetic field and the azimuthal self-magnetic field generated by current flow in the cathode. At magnetic fields exceeding the critical field necessary for cutoff, small but not insignificant current flows persist. The associated microwave emission suggests that this residual current is being driven by an as-yet-unidentified high-frequency instability. Time-resolved measurements of the diode current and voltage lead to a determination of the expansion velocity of the cathode and anode plasmas. It was found that an external magnetic field of approximately 5 kG suffices to stop plasma motion. This value is in agreement with magnetohydrodynamic computations for a hydrogen plasma having an initial temperature of a few eV. Spectroscopic measurements of the diode plasma have shown that hydrogen is indeed the dominant ion species. Stark broadening of the spectral lines yields their number density.

Resonant and non-resonant decays of short wavelength lower hybrid waves into long wave-length whistler waves and ion acoustic waves are considered. It is shown that the dominant coupling to the ion acoustic mode arises from the magnetic force producing a pressure variation along the magnetic field lines. The growth rate and the threshold condition for this decay instability compare favorably with other decay instabilities near the lower-hybrid frequency. (auth)

A 1-D ferrodisortive X--Y model is considered and the importance of phase-amplitude coupling in the dominant low T elementary excitations is illustrated.

Solar energy collectors of various designs and installation orientations are being built or used. Because most existing solar energy data consists of measurements of total radiation incident upon a horizontal surface, and because geometric conversion to radiation incident upon another surface is difficult, the amounts of solar energy available to various locations are not well known. This paper reports such solar energy availabilities to various collectors for both clear and average days in each of the four seasons at Albuquerque, Blue Hill, and Omaha. Unlike several similar previous studies, the amounts of solar energy given here are based directly on representative data samples consisting of simultaneous measurements of direct-normal and total-horizontal radiation at these three sites.

A microscopic method of calculating the damping of collective motion into intrinsic excitation is described. The methods used to solve the static and time dependent Schroedinger equation are given in detail and the numerical accuracy of the method is discussed. A particular example, the excitation of neutron levels in the fission of /sup 236/U, is used to illustrate the approach. A number of problems are mentioned and suggestions are made as to how the work can be improved and extended. 5 figures.

Summarized is work on the structure of transition metal ion-containing silicate, borate, and other insulator glasses. Raman spectra were measured on lead silicate and on alkali-alkaline earth nitrate glasses. Raman spectra of lead silicate glasses are strongly polarized. The high frequency modes are greatly broadened with respect to alkali silicate glasses and new features appear in the low frequency region related to the lead concentration. The nitrate glass Raman spectra show broadened bands in more or less the positions expected from the molecular modes of the nitrate ions. The broadening and some splitting of these bands can be interpreted in terms of a distribution of local fields around the nitrate ions. An extensive series of chromium-containing silicate and borate glasses were prepared. Chromium appears in both Cr/sup 3 +/ and Cr/sup 6 +/ states. The Raman spectra show that hexavalent chromium exists in the glasses as molecular chromate or dichromate-like clusters. Cr/sup 6 +/ is not incorporated into the network. The local environment of Cr/sup 3 +/ was investigated by optical absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. The optical properties of Cr/sup 3 +/ in silicates were largely independent of base glass composition, which is not true of the borates. A study …

Measurements of gases released from 302 stainless steel and gold surfaces before and after discharge cleaning were made in ultrahigh vacuum using x-rays with an energy distribution typical of a tungsten bremsstrahlung spectrum. Similar measurements were also made for Al$sub 2$O$sub 3$ surfaces which had not been discharge cleaned. For the non-discharge-cleaned surfaces of stainless steel, Al$sub 2$O$sub 3$, and gold the predominant gas species observed mass spectrometrically was CO$sub 2$. For some stainless steel and Al$sub 2$O$sub 3$ surfaces CO and O$sub 2$ were also readily observed. Mean quantum yields for CO, O$sub 2$ and CO$sub 2$ release from such stainless steel surfaces, for example, ranged from less than 6 x 10$sup -5$ to 9 x 10$sup -4$ molecules per photons in the bremsstrahlung spectrum characteristic for 50 keV electron energy. After discharge cleaning a decrease in the mean quantum yields was observed for the stainless steel and gold surfaces. (auth)