Fluxnet Synthesis Dataset Collaboration Infrastructure (open access)

Fluxnet Synthesis Dataset Collaboration Infrastructure

The Fluxnet synthesis dataset originally compiled for the La Thuile workshop contained approximately 600 site years. Since the workshop, several additional site years have been added and the dataset now contains over 920 site years from over 240 sites. A data refresh update is expected to increase those numbers in the next few months. The ancillary data describing the sites continues to evolve as well. There are on the order of 120 site contacts and 60proposals have been approved to use thedata. These proposals involve around 120 researchers. The size and complexity of the dataset and collaboration has led to a new approach to providing access to the data and collaboration support and the support team attended the workshop and worked closely with the attendees and the Fluxnet project office to define the requirements for the support infrastructure. As a result of this effort, a new website (http://www.fluxdata.org) has been created to provide access to the Fluxnet synthesis dataset. This new web site is based on a scientific data server which enables browsing of the data on-line, data download, and version tracking. We leverage database and data analysis tools such as OLAP data cubes and web reports to enable browser …
Date: February 6, 2008
Creator: Agarwal, Deborah A.; Humphrey, Marty; van Ingen, Catharine; Beekwilder, Norm; Goode, Monte; Jackson, Keith et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Variable VHE gamma-ray emission from Markarian 501 (open access)

Variable VHE gamma-ray emission from Markarian 501

The blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) was observed at energies above 100 GeV with the MAGIC telescope from May through July 2005. The high sensitivity of the instrument enabled the determination of the flux and spectrum of the source on a night-by-night basis. Throughout our observational campaign, the flux from Mrk 501 was found to vary by an order of magnitude, and to be correlated with spectral changes. Intra-night flux variability with flux-doubling times down to 2 minutes was also observed. The strength of variability increased with the energy of the {gamma}-ray photons. The energy spectra were found to harden significantly with increasing flux, and a spectral peak clearly showed up during very active states. The position of the spectral peak seems to be correlated with the source luminosity.
Date: February 6, 2007
Creator: Albert, Jordi
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Determinations of |V_{ub}| from Inclusive Semileptonic B Decays with Reduced Model Dependence (open access)

Determinations of |V_{ub}| from Inclusive Semileptonic B Decays with Reduced Model Dependence

We report two novel determinations of |V{sub ub}| with reduced model dependence, based on measurements of the mass distribution of the hadronic system in semileptonic B decays. Events are selected by fully reconstructing the decay of one B meson and identifying a charged lepton from the decay of the other B meson from {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} (B{bar B}) events. In one approach, we combine the inclusive {bar B} {yields} X{sub u}{ell}{bar {nu}} rate with a measurement of the inclusive B {yields} X{sub s}{gamma} photon energy spectrum. We obtain |V{sub ub}| = (4.43 {+-} 0.38{sub stat} {+-} 0.25{sub syst} {+-} 0.29{sub theo}) x 10{sup -3}. In another approach we measure the total {bar B} {yields} X{sub u} {ell}{bar {nu}} rate over the full phase space and find |V{sub ub}| = (3.84 {+-} 0.70{sub stat} {+-} 0.30{sub syst} {+-} 0.10{sub theo}) x 10{sup -3}.
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: Aubert, B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of CP Asymmetry in B0 to Ks pi0 pi0 Decays (open access)

Measurement of CP Asymmetry in B0 to Ks pi0 pi0 Decays

We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry for the neutral B-meson decay into the CP = +1 final state K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}, with K{sub S}{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}. We use a sample of approximately 227 million B-meson pairs recorded at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B-Factory at SLAC. From an unbinned maximum likelihood fit we extract the mixing-induced CP-violation parameter S = 0.72 {+-} 0.71 {+-} 0.08 and the direct CP-violation parameter C = 0.23 {+-} 0.52 {+-} 0.13, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
Date: February 6, 2007
Creator: Aubert, B.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
System design description for sampling sludge in K basins fuel storage canisters (open access)

System design description for sampling sludge in K basins fuel storage canisters

This System Design Description provides: (1) statements of the Spent Nuclear Fuel Projects (SNFP) needs requiring sampling of canister sludge in the K East and K West Basins, (2) the sampling equipment system functions and requirements, (3) a general work plan and the design logic being followed to develop the equipment, and (4) a summary description of the design for the sampling equipment.
Date: February 6, 1996
Creator: Baker, R.B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Fermilab data storage infrastructure (open access)

The Fermilab data storage infrastructure

Fermilab, in collaboration with the DESY laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, has created a petabyte scale data storage infrastructure to meet the requirements of experiments to store and access large data sets. The Fermilab data storage infrastructure consists of the following major storage and data transfer components: Enstore mass storage system, DCache distributed data cache, ftp and Grid ftp for primarily external data transfers. This infrastructure provides a data throughput sufficient for transferring data from experiments' data acquisition systems. It also allows access to data in the Grid framework.
Date: February 6, 2003
Creator: Bakken, Jon A.; Berman, Eileen; Huang, Chih-Hao; Moibenko, Alexander; Petravick, Donald & Zalokar, Michael
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A brief survey on climate change effects on the Indian Monsoon (open access)

A brief survey on climate change effects on the Indian Monsoon

Each year, Indian summer monsoon season begins in June and ends in September. Surface winds blow from the southwest during this season. The Indian summer monsoon typically covers large areas of India with western and central India receiving more than 90% of their total annual precipitation during this period, and southern and northwestern India receiving 50%-75% of their total annual rainfall. Overall, monthly totals average 200-300 mm over the country as a whole, with the largest values observed during the heart of the monsoon season in July and August. In all total, India receives about 870 mm of rainfall in a normal summer monsoon season. This summary discusses the effects of climate change on the frequency, mean rainfall, duration and the variability of the Indian Monsoon. East Asian Monsoon in the southeastern part of Asia is not discussed in this summary. Changes in monsoon characteristics are mainly inferred from climate model simulations submitted to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). It should be cautioned that there is a large range in the results from these models. For instance, the range of mean monsoon precipitation as simulated by the AR4 models over India is from 500 …
Date: February 6, 2007
Creator: Bala, G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Influence of the Sb dopant distribution on far infrared photoconductivity in Ge:Sb blocked impurity band detectors (open access)

Influence of the Sb dopant distribution on far infrared photoconductivity in Ge:Sb blocked impurity band detectors

Extended long wavelength response to {approx}200 {micro}m (50 cm{sup -1}) has been observed in Ge:Sb Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detectors with N{sub D} {approx} 1 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup -3}. The cut-off wavelength increases from 150 {micro}m (65 cm{sup -1}) to 200 {micro}m (50 cm{sup -1}) with increasing bias. The responsivity at long wavelengths was lower than expected. This can be explained by considering the observed Sb diffusion profile in a transition region between the blocking layer and active layer. BIB modeling is presented which indicates that this Sb concentration profile increases the electric field in the transition region and reduces the field in the blocking layer. The depletion region consists partially of the transition region between the active and blocking layer, which could contribute to the reduced long wavelength response. The field spike at the interface is the likely cause of breakdown at a lower bias than expected.
Date: February 6, 2002
Creator: Bandaru, Jordana; Beeman, Jeffrey W.; Haller, Eugene E.; Samperi, Stacy & Haegel, Nancy M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Heavy ion fusion experiments at LLNL (open access)

Heavy ion fusion experiments at LLNL

We review the status of the experimental campaign being carried out at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, involving scaled investigations of the acceleration and transport of space-charge dominated heavy ion beams. The ultimate goal of these experiments is to help lay the groundwork for a larger scale ion driven inertial fusion reactor, the purpose of which is to produce inexpensive and clean electric power.
Date: February 6, 1996
Creator: Barnard, J. J.; Cable, M. D. & Callahan, D. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Physics design and scaling of recirculating induction accelerators: from benchtop prototypes to drivers (open access)

Physics design and scaling of recirculating induction accelerators: from benchtop prototypes to drivers

Recirculating induction accelerators (recirculators) have been investigated as possible drivers for inertial fusion energy production because of their potential cost advantage over linear induction accelerators. Point designs were obtained and many of the critical physics and technology issues that would need to be addressed were detailed. A collaboration involving Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory researchers is now developing a small prototype recirculator in order to demonstrate an understanding of nearly all of the critical beam dynamics issues that have been raised. We review the design equations for recirculators and demonstrate how, by keeping crucial dimensionless quantities constant, a small prototype recirculator was designed which will simulate the essential beam physics of a driver. We further show how important physical quantities such as the sensitivity to errors of optical elements (in both field strength and placement), insertion/extraction, vacuum requirements, and emittance growth, scale from small-prototype to driver-size accelerator.
Date: February 6, 1996
Creator: Barnard, J. J.; Cable, M. D. & Callahan, D. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility Evaluation and Retrofit Plan for Cold Crucible Induction Melter Deployment in the Defense Waste Processing Facility at Savannah River Site 8118 (open access)

Feasibility Evaluation and Retrofit Plan for Cold Crucible Induction Melter Deployment in the Defense Waste Processing Facility at Savannah River Site 8118

Cold crucible induction melters (CCIM) have been proposed as an alternative technology for waste glass melting at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at Savannah River Site (SRS) as well as for other waste vitrification facilities. Proponents of this technology cite high temperature operation, high tolerance for noble metals and aluminum, high waste loading, high throughput capacity, and low equipment cost as the advantages over existing Joule Heated Melter (JHM) technology. The CCIM uses induction heating to maintain molten glass at high temperature. A water-cooled helical induction coil is connected to an AC current supply, typically operating at frequencies from 100 KHz to 5 MHz. The oscillating magnetic field generated by the oscillating current flow through the coil induces eddy currents in conductive materials within the coil. Those oscillating eddy currents, in turn, generate heat in the material. In the CCIM, the induction coil surrounds a 'Cold Crucible' which is formed by metal tubes, typically copper or stainless steel. The tubes are constructed such that the magnetic field does not couple with the crucible. Therefore, the field generated by the induction coil couples primarily with the conductive medium (hot glass) within. The crucible tubes are water cooled to maintain their …
Date: February 6, 2008
Creator: Barnes, Allan B.; Iverson, Daniel C.; Adkins, Brannen J. & Tchemitcheff, Eric
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Throughput, Continuous, Mass Production of Photovoltaic Modules (open access)

High Throughput, Continuous, Mass Production of Photovoltaic Modules

AVA Solar has developed a very low cost solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing process and has demonstrated the significant economic and commercial potential of this technology. This I & I Category 3 project provided significant assistance toward accomplishing these milestones. The original goals of this project were to design, construct and test a production prototype system, fabricate PV modules and test the module performance. The original module manufacturing costs in the proposal were estimated at $2/Watt. The objectives of this project have been exceeded. An advanced processing line was designed, fabricated and installed. Using this automated, high throughput system, high efficiency devices and fully encapsulated modules were manufactured. AVA Solar has obtained 2 rounds of private equity funding, expand to 50 people and initiated the development of a large scale factory for 100+ megawatts of annual production. Modules will be manufactured at an industry leading cost which will enable AVA Solar's modules to produce power that is cost-competitive with traditional energy resources. With low manufacturing costs and the ability to scale manufacturing, AVA Solar has been contacted by some of the largest customers in the PV industry to negotiate long-term supply contracts. The current market for PV has continued to grow …
Date: February 6, 2008
Creator: Barth, Kurt
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Crystal level simulations using Eulerian finite element methods (open access)

Crystal level simulations using Eulerian finite element methods

Over the last several years, significant progress has been made in the use of crystal level material models in simulations of forming operations. However, in Lagrangian finite element approaches simulation capabilities are limited in many cases by mesh distortion associated with deformation heterogeneity. Contexts in which such large distortions arise include: bulk deformation to strains approaching or exceeding unity, especially in highly anisotropic or multiphase materials; shear band formation and intersection of shear bands; and indentation with sharp indenters. Investigators have in the past used Eulerian finite element methods with material response determined from crystal aggregates to study steady state forming processes. However, Eulerian and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) finite element methods have not been widely utilized for simulation of transient deformation processes at the crystal level. The advection schemes used in Eulerian and ALE codes control mesh distortion and allow for simulation of much larger total deformations. We will discuss material state representation issues related to advection and will present results from ALE simulations.
Date: February 6, 2004
Creator: Becker, R; Barton, N R & Benson, D J
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Simulations of shock-induced mixing& combustion of an acetylene cloud in a chamber (open access)

Simulations of shock-induced mixing& combustion of an acetylene cloud in a chamber

In this paper we present numerical simulations of the interaction of a blast wave with an acetylene bubble in a closed chamber. We model the system using the inviscid Euler equations for a mixture of ideal gases. The formulation specifies the thermodynamic behavior of the system using a Chemkin interface and includes the capability to model combustion as the ambient air mixes with the acetylene. The simulations are performed using a three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement algorithm based on a second-order Godunov integration scheme. Simulations are compared with experimental measurements for the same configuration.
Date: February 6, 2001
Creator: Bell, J B; Day, M S; Beckner, V E; Kuhl, A L; Neuwald, P & Reichenbach, H
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Seismic Waves in Rocks with Fluids and Fractures (open access)

Seismic Waves in Rocks with Fluids and Fractures

Seismic wave propagation through the earth is often strongly affected by the presence of fractures. When these fractures are filled with fluids (oil, gas, water, CO{sub 2}, etc.), the type and state of the fluid (liquid or gas) can make a large difference in the response of the seismic waves. This paper will summarize some early work of the author on methods of deconstructing the effects of fractures, and any fluids within these fractures, on seismic wave propagation as observed in reflection seismic data. Methods to be explored here include Thomsen's anisotropy parameters for wave moveout (since fractures often induce elastic anisotropy), and some very convenient fracture parameters introduced by Sayers and Kachanov that permit a relatively simple deconstruction of the elastic behavior in terms of fracture parameters (whenever this is appropriate).
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: Berger, E. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
An assessment of KW Basin radionuclide activity when opening SNF canisters (open access)

An assessment of KW Basin radionuclide activity when opening SNF canisters

N Reactor spent fuel is being stored in sealed canisters in the KW Basin. Some of the canisters contain damaged fuel elements. There is the potential for release of Cs 137, Kr 85, H3, and other fission products and transuranics (TRUs) when canisters are opened. Canister opening is required to select and transfer fuel elements to the 300 Area for examination as part of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Characterization program. This report estimates the amount of radionuclides that can be released from Mark II spent nuclear fuel (SNF) canisters in KW Basin when canisters are opened for SNF fuel sampling as part of the SNF Characterization Program. The report also assesses the dose consequences of the releases and steps that can be taken to reduce the impacts of these releases.
Date: February 6, 1995
Creator: Bergmann, D. W.; Mollerus, F. J. & Wray, J. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final Progress Report (open access)

Final Progress Report

The BIOMOL grant was for 'Local System Support for PDB Biological Unit Search and Display' to augment Rasmol's [Bernstein 2000] [Sayle, Milner-White 1995] existing macromolecular display functions with new capabilities by taking advantage of recent increases in local computing power in order to move functionality that is now scattered among various local and remote systems into one local package. Work included new algorithms for molecular surface display, an extended format for Protein Data Bank Entries, work on issues relating to the integration of multiple diffraction images formats.
Date: February 6, 2012
Creator: Bernstein, Herbert J.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Modeling of High-Energy Pulsed Laser Interactions with Coupons (open access)

Modeling of High-Energy Pulsed Laser Interactions with Coupons

We describe a computational model of laser-materials interactions in the regime accessed by the solid state heat capacity lasers (SSHCLs) built at LLNL. We show that its predictions compare quite favorably with coupon experiments by the 10 kW SSHCL at LLNL. The body of this paper describes the following topics, listed by section number: (2) model in quiescent air, (3) comparison with experiments in quiescent air, (4) effects of air flow, (5) comparison with experiments involving air flow, (6) importance of material properties, (7) advantage of pulsed lasers over CW lasers, and (8) conclusions and recommendations.
Date: February 6, 2003
Creator: Boley, C D & Rubenchik, A M
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Flat space physics from holography (open access)

Flat space physics from holography

We point out that aspects of quantum mechanics can be derived from the holographic principle, using only a perturbative limit of classical general relativity. In flat space, the covariant entropy bound reduces to the Bekenstein bound. The latter does not contain Newton's constant and cannot operate via gravitational backreaction. Instead, it is protected by--and in this sense, predicts--the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Date: February 6, 2004
Creator: Bousso, Raphael
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final Report for ARM Project Measuring 4-D Water Vapor Fields with GPS (open access)

Final Report for ARM Project Measuring 4-D Water Vapor Fields with GPS

Water vapor is a primary element in the Earth’s climate system. Atmospheric water vapor is central to cloud processes, radiation transfer, and the hydrological cycle. Using funding from Department of Energy (DOE) grant DE-FG03-02ER63327, the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) developed new observational techniques to measure atmospheric water vapor and applied these techniques to measure four dimensional water vapor fields throughout the United States Southern Great Plains region. This report summarizes the development of a new observation from ground based Global Positioning System (GPS) stations called Slant Water Vapor (SW) and it’s utilization in retrieving four dimensional water vapor fields. The SW observation represents the integrated amount of water vapor between a GPS station and a transmitting satellite. SW observations provide improved temporal and spatial sampling of the atmosphere when compared to column-integrated quantities such as preciptitable water vapor (PW). Under funding from the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, GPS networks in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) region were deployed to retrieve SW to improve the characterization of water vapor throughout the region. These observations were used to estimate four dimensional water vapor fields using tomographic approaches and through assimilation into the MM5 numerical weather model.
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: Braun, John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rheological Studies on Pretreated Feed and Melter Feed from AW-101 and AN-107 (open access)

Rheological Studies on Pretreated Feed and Melter Feed from AW-101 and AN-107

Rheological and physical properties testing were conducted on actual AN-107 and AW-101 pretreated feed samples prior to the addition of glass formers. Analyses were repeated following the addition of glass formers. The AN-107 and AW-101 pretreated feeds were tested at the target sodium values of nominally 6, 8, and 10 M. The AW-101 melter feeds were tested at these same concentrations, while the AN-107 melter feeds were tested at 5, 6, and 8 M with respect to sodium. These data on actual waste are required to validate and qualify results obtained with simulants.
Date: February 6, 2001
Creator: Bredt, Paul R & Swoboda, Robert G
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Rheological Studies on Pretreated Feed and Melter Feed from AW-101 and AN-107 (open access)

Rheological Studies on Pretreated Feed and Melter Feed from AW-101 and AN-107

Rheological and physical properties testing were conducted on actual AN-107 and AW-101 pretreated feed samples prior to the addition of glass formers. Analyses were repeated following the addition of glass formers. The AN-107 and AW-101 pretreated feeds were tested at the target sodium values of nominally 6, 8, and 10 M. The AW-101 melter feeds were tested at these same concentrations, while the AN-107 melter feeds were tested at 5, 6, and 8 M with respect to sodium. These data on actual waste are required to validate and qualify results obtained with simulants.
Date: February 6, 2001
Creator: Bredt, Paul R. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)) & Swoboda, Robert G. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Superplastic forming of stainless steel automotive components (open access)

Superplastic forming of stainless steel automotive components

Exhaust emission standards are governmentally controlled standards, which are increasingly stringent, forcing alternate strategies to meet these standards. One approach to improve the efficiency of the exhaust emission equipment is to decrease the time required to get the catalytic converter to optimum operating temperature. To accomplish this, automotive manufacturers are using double wall stainless steel exhaust manifolds to reduce heat loss of the exhaust gases to the converter. The current method to manufacture double wall stainless steel exhaust components is to use a low-cost alloy with good forming properties and extensively form, cut, assemble, and weld the pieces. Superplastic forming (SPF) technology along with alloy improvements has potential at making this process more cost effective. Lockheed Martin Energy Systems (LMES), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and USCAR Low Emission Partnership (LEP) worked under a Cooperative Research And Development Agreement (CRADA) to evaluate material properties, SPF behavior, and welding behavior of duplex stainless steel alloy for automotive component manufacturing. Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has a separate CRADA with the LEP to use SPF technology to manufacture a double wall stainless steel exhaust component. As a team these CRADAs developed and demonstrated a technical plan to accomplish making double wall …
Date: February 6, 1997
Creator: Bridges, B.; Elmer, J. & Carol, L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ISOPAR L Release Rates from Saltstone Using Simulated Salt Solutions (open access)

ISOPAR L Release Rates from Saltstone Using Simulated Salt Solutions

The Modular Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Unit (MCU) and the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) will produce a Deactivated Salt Solution (DSS) that will go to the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). Recent information indicates that solvent entrainment in the DSS is larger than expected. The main concern is with Isopar{reg_sign} L, the diluent in the solvent mixture, and its flammability in the saltstone vault. If it is assumed that all the Isopar{reg_sign} L is released instantaneously into the vault from the curing grout before each subsequent pour; the Isopar{reg_sign} L in the vault headspace is well mixed; and each pour displaces an equivalent volume of headspace, the allowable concentration of Isopar{reg_sign} L in the DSS sent to SPF has been calculated at approximately 4 ppm. The amount allowed would be higher, if the release from grout were significantly less. The Savannah River National Laboratory was tasked with determining the release of Isopar{reg_sign} L from saltstone prepared with a simulated DSS with Isopar{reg_sign} L concentrations ranging from 50 mg/L to 200 mg/L in the salt fraction and with test temperatures ranging from ambient to 95 C. The results from the curing of the saltstone showed that the Isopar{reg_sign} L release data …
Date: February 6, 2006
Creator: Bronikowski, M
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library