This report describes efforts leading to the development and characterization of a compact ion source and optical transfer system producing relatively high current density ion beams. The ion source and beam transfer system represent a major advance in the state of the art in that high current densities at low kinetic energies have been achieved for high molecular weight polyatomic ions. Indeed, the ion beams produced display ion abundance patterns typical of simple low energy electron impact ionization processes.

The report is the first to study and discuss the effect of water supply problems of geothermal development. Geothermal energy resources have the potential of making a significant contribution to the U.S. energy supply situation, especially at the regional and local levels where the resources are located. A significant issue of concern is the availability and cost of water for use in a geothermal power operation primarily because geothermal power plants require large quantities of water for cooling, sludge handling and the operation of environmental control systems. On a per unit basis, geothermal power plants, because of their inherent high heat rejection rates, have cooling requirements several times greater than the conventional fossil fuel plants and therefore the supply of water is a critical factor in the planning, designing, and siting of geothermal power plants. However, no studies have been specifically performed to identify the water requirements of geothermal power plants, the underlying causes of water availability problems, and available techniques to alleviate some of these problems. There is no cost data included in the report. The report includes some descriptions of known geothermal areas. [DJE-2005]