A list of studies approved at the meeting is given with programs outlined in the appendix. The following topics were discussed: (1) safety; (2) security violations; (3) arrangements made for interviewees with physics training to visit Building 777; (4) procedures written for handling various fissionable materials on a large scale in the fabrication laboratory; (5) backlog of orders at the Laboratory shop; (6) that the limited number of applications do not justify the use of depleted uranium in the Laboratory; (7) that Savannah River Plant can follow Hanford requirements as to the average and variation of U-235 content in sidestream materials; (8) that Laboratory is to supply the various dimensions and tolerances that probably will be required for tubes with spiral ribs; (9) shipping of various dies and aluminium shapes now being held by aluminium fabricators; (10) obtaining proper hydraulic performance of fuel assemblies; (11) preliminary scopes of work covering process requirements for producing natural uranium elements in plate and tubular form; and (12) arrangements to be made to review the Nuclear Metals Program.

In this study, the microwave materials interactions were studied through dielectric property measurements, process modeling, and lab scale microwave hybrid calcination tests. Characterization and analysis were performed to evaluate material reactions and energy usage. Processing parameters for laboratory scale and larger scale calcining experiments were developed for MAT limestone calcination. Early stage equipment design concepts were developed, with a focus on microwave post heating treatment. The retrofitting of existing rotary calcine equipment in the lime industry was assessed and found to be feasible. Ceralink sought to address some of the major barriers to the uptake of MAT identified as the need for (1) team approach with end users, technology partners, and equipment manufacturers, (2) modeling that incorporates kiln materials and variations to the design of industrial microwave equipment. This project has furthered the commercialization effort of MAT by working closely with an industrial lime manufacturer to educate them regarding MAT, identifying equipment manufacturer to supply microwave equipment, and developing a sophisticated MAT modeling with WPI, the university partner. MAT was shown to enhance calcining through lower energy consumption and faster reaction rates compared to conventional processing. Laboratory testing concluded that a 23% reduction in energy was possible for calcining small …

Western Research Institute (WRI) in conjunction with Earth Tech and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was to identify proper sites with soils and/or groundwater contaminated by petroleum constituents and MTBE. Biodegradation rates would have been quantitatively assessed in both laboratory and field tests to achieve the optimal destruction of contaminants of concern. WRI and Earth Tech identified a site contaminated with high concentrations of methanol associated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The site was assessed and a remediation project plan was prepared; however, the site was soon acquired by a new company. An agreement between Earth Tech, WRI, and the new site owners could not be reached; therefore, a work was performed to identify a new project site. Task 33 was terminated and the available funding was redeployed to other Tasks after receiving approval from the U.S. DOE task manager.

In order to shed light on the intriguing, and not yet fully understood fcc-isostructural {gamma} {yields} {alpha} transition in cerium, we have begun an experimental program aimed at the determination of the pressure evolution of the transverse acoustic (TA) and longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon dispersions up to and above the transition. {gamma}-Ce Crystals of 60-80 mm diameter and 20 mm thickness were prepared from a large ingot, obtained from Ames Lab, using laser cutting, micro-mechanical and chemical polishing techniques. Three samples with a surface normal approximately oriented along the [110] direction were loaded into diamond anvil cells (DAC), using neon as a pressure transmitting medium. The crystalline quality was checked by rocking curve scans and typical values obtained ranged between one and two degrees. Only a slight degradation in the sample quality was observed when the pressure was increased to reach the {alpha}-phase, and data could be therefore recorded in this phase as well. The spectrometer was operated at 17794 eV in Kirkpatrick-Baez focusing geometry, providing an energy resolution of 3 meV and a focal spot size at the sample position of 30 x 60 mm{sup 2} (horizontal x vertical, FWHM). Eight to ten IXS spectra were typically recorded per …

The condition for extracting a maximum negative ion current density is found when the product of the radius of the negative ion conversion electrode, the cross-section for negative and positive ion recombination, and the density of positive ions in the ion source equals one. The optimum output is obtained at the highest positive ion density and the smallest electrode radius.

Efforts are under way worldwide to integrate electronic and mechanical components on solid state devices to perform the functions of traditional sensors at the micro-scale. For example, chemical sensors have been envisioned that involve pumping air or liquid samples at small volumetric flow rates over long periods of time for continuous monitoring of environments. The mechanical components on these devices are fabricated into monolithic silicon or other solid state media. These types of devices, if proven successfully, would offer new capabilities for remote monitoring at very small size, weight, and power consumption. When coupled with micro-scale monolithic communications components, the technical option could exist for extremely small remote monitoring devices. Heretofore, little effort has been invested at the Laboratory in examining specific design problems that could capitalize on the emerging component technologies under development at both large and small computer and electronics firms worldwide. Our program involved conceptual designs and selected prototype manufacturing of three different types of micro-scale sensors that could be applied to problems in the nonproliferation mission areas.

In this work the author describes the set up of a UHV system to study the growth of ultra-thin metallic films on a silicon substrate under RHEED conditions. However, a new feature has been added to the normal RHEED apparatus. Because the phosphor screen acts as a high pass filter for the scattered electrons, energy filtering is normally excluded from RHEED techniques. In the experimental apparatus, a biased Faraday collector has been added to measure only the elastically scattered part of the diffracted beams. The electrical currents involved range from about 15 nA to 0.1 nA for the elastically scattered part of a diffracted beam. The (111) surface of Si has been chosen to perform RHEED, with the incident beam along the (100) direction. In order to test the performance of the RHEED set-up, the authors have performed two kinds of measurements, first, they have deposited Ag/Si(111) at different rates and have monitored the diffracted current of the specularly reflected beam with the Faraday collector unbiased, and second, they have tested the capability of the Faraday cup to measure only the elastically scattered part of the diffracted beams.

During 1976, new Mirror Program plans have been laid out to take into account the significant advances during the last 18 months. The program is now focused on two new mirror concepts, field reversal and the tandem mirror, that can obtain high Q, defined as the ratio of fusion power output to the neutral-beam power injected to sustain the reaction. Theoretically, both concepts can attain Q = 5 or more, as compared to Q = 1 in previous mirror designs. Experimental planning for the next 5 years is complete in broad outline, and we are turning attention to what additional steps are necessary to reach our long-range goal of an experimental mirror reactor operating by 1990. Highlights of the events that have led to the above circumstance are listed, and experimental program plans are outlined.

The focus of the work is the application of continuum mechanics to materials science, specifically to the macroscopic characterization of material behavior at small length scales. The long-term goals are a continuum-mechanical framework for the study of materials that provides a basis for general theories and leads to boundary-value problems of physical relevance, and computational methods appropriate to these problems supplemented by physically meaningful regularizations to aid in their solution. Specific studies include the following: the development of a theory of polycrystalline plasticity that incorporates free energy associated with lattice mismatch between grains; the development of a theory of geometrically necessary dislocations within the context of finite-strain plasticity; the development of a gradient theory for single-crystal plasticity with geometrically necessary dislocations; simulations of dynamical fracture using a theory that allows for the kinking and branching of cracks; computation of segregation and compaction in flowing granular materials.

The work performed during this first period includes equipment modification, development of analytical methods, oxidative pretreatment runs and combustion runs. The coal feeding section of an existing furnace was modified for uninterrupted feeding and better control of residence time. Analytical methods for sulfur and calcium in the coal and ash and for gaseous SO/sub 2/ were standardized. Oxidative pretreatment experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed at temperatures about 200/sup 0/C to evaluate the potential of this method for increasing the ion exchange capacity of coals and determine the accompanying loss of heating value. Combustion experiments were carried out at very high particle temperatures (2000/sup 0/K) at which a large fraction of the calcium additive was vaporized while 50 to 80% of the sulfur evolved as sulfur oxide. Continuing combustion experiments will be conducted at lower particle temperatures.

As specified in PITA IP-26-I, a test has been conducted at DR reactor to find the amount of nonpressure sensitive air entering the reactor, and gain other information on the reactor gas system. The purpose of this document is to place in effect interim normal gas purity limits and define assuredly positive gas system pressure based on the results of this test.

This report discusses testing conducted to establish an interim normal limit for nitrogen concentration in the reactor gas; obtained information to be used in defining assuredly positive gas system pressure; and obtain other useful information on the reactor gas system, such as total apparent system volume, accuracy of the gas activity meter at low nitrogen cencentrations, etc.

The Project Management Plan governing the conversion of SWITS to a client-server architecture. The PMP describes the background, planning and management of the SWITS conversion. Requirements and specification documentation needed for the SWITS conversion

The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, JHU/API, in support of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LLNL, is conducting aerodynamic, trajectory, and structural analysis of the Advanced Single Stage Technology Rapid Insertion Demonstration (ASTRID) vehicle, being launched out of Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in February 1994. The launch is designated ASTRID-1 and is the first in a series of three that will be launched out of VAFB. Launch dates for the next two flights have not been identified, but they are scheduled for the 1994-1995 time frame. The primary goal of the ASTRID-1 flight is to test the LLNL light weight thrust on demand bi-propellant pumped divert propulsion system. The system is employed as the main thrusters for the ASTRID-1 vehicle and uses hydrazine as the mono-propellant. The major conclusions are: (1) The vehicle is very stable throughout flight (stability margin = 17 to 24 inches); (2) The aerodynamic frequency and the roll rate are such that pitch-roll interactions will be small; (3) The high stability margin combined with the high launcher elevation angle makes the vehicle flight path highly sensitive to perturbations during the initial phase of flight, i.e., during the first second of flight after leaving the rail; (4) …

The fusion option is examined to solve the disposition problems of the spent nuclear fuel and the transuranic elements. The analysis of this report shows that the top rated solution, the elimination of the transuranic elements and the long-lived fission products, can be achieved in a fusion reactor. A 167 MW of fusion power from a D-T plasma for sixty years with an availability factor of 0.75 can transmute all the transuranic elements and the long-lived fission products of the 70,000 tons of the US inventory of spent nuclear fuel generated up to the year 2015. The operating time can be reduced to thirty years with use of 334 MW of fusion power, a system study is needed to define the optimum time. In addition, the fusion solution eliminates the need for a geological repository site, which is a major advantage. Meanwhile, such utilization of the fusion power will provide an excellent opportunity to develop fusion energy for the future. Fusion blankets with a liquid carrier for the transuranic elements can achieve a transmutation rate for the transuranic elements up to 80 kg/MW.y of fusion power with k{sub eff} of 0.98. In addition, the liquid blankets have several advantages relative …

A stress analysis is presented of a spherical shell subjected to a line load acting along a latitude circle in a direction normal to the plane of that circle. (auth)

S>Of primary interest in a military reactor is the desirability of quick and easy maintenance of as much of the system as possibie throughout the lifetime of the power plant. It is therefore desirable that no serious amounts of long- lived activity build up in equipment outside the core. An investigation was made to determine the activity due to small amounts of cobalt and tantalum in the stainless steel core of the APPR-1. The investigation indicates that equal weight percentages of Ta and Co would build up about equal activities in the core after 1.5 years of operation. The use of 347 stainless steel containing a nominal 0.2 wt.% Co would therefore produce a more serious activation problem than is now being experienced wlth the present 304L core. A desire to reduce the production of long-lived activities would then require specifying a low tantalum as well as a low cobalt content if 347 stainless steel were used for the second APPR-1 core. Fabrication of a low cobalt 304L core is therefore an attempt to reduce and to simplify the activation problemn (A.C.)

As part of a collaborative experimental High Energy Physics experiment at the LHC Facility, CERN Laboratory, Geneva, Switzerland, a group of US institutions has accepted the responsibility for constructing a large portion of the calorimeter for this experiment. This device is referred to as the Tile Calorimeter. The Tile Calorimeter has three major elements, a large center section (Barrel), and two end sections (Extended Barrel). The US group will be responsible for the construction of one of these extended barrel sections. All of the components that are required to construct this device will be fabricated in the US over a period of three years commencing in 1998. Another similar element and the barrel element will be constructed in both eastern and western Europe by parallel groups. The extended barrel is a cylindrical device approximately 8.5 meters (28 ft.) OD x 4.5 meters (14 ft.) ID, made up of 64 wedges. Each of these wedges is constructed by bolting submodules to a strongback girder. Each submodule is constructed of a series of sheets that are welded and glued together. The purpose of this Quality Assurance document is to insure that the raw steel sheet meets the magnetic, strength, and stamping requirements …

As part of a collaborative experimental High Energy Physics experiment at the LHC Facility, CERN Laboratory, Geneva Switzerland, a group of US institutions has accepted the responsibility for constructing a large portion of the calorimeter for this experiment. This device is referred to as the Tile Calorimeter. The Tile Calorimeter has three major elements, a large center section (Barrel), and two end sections (Extended Barrel). The US group will be responsible for the construction of one of these extended barrel sections. All of the components that are required to construct this device will be fabricated in the US over a period of three years commencing in 1998. Another similar element and the barrel element will be constructed in both eastern and western Europe by parallel groups. The extended barrel is a cylindrical device approximately 8.5 meters (28 ft.) OD x 4.5 meters (14 ft.) ID, made up of 64 wedges. Each of these wedges (see Attachment 1) is constructed by bolting submodules to a strongback girder. Each submodule is constructed of a series of sheets that are welded and glued together. This document summarizes the characteristics and specifications of these steel sheets. The Tile Calorimeter is the return path for …

The objectives of the Airlift Bubbler Physical Testing are to investigate the flow characteristics of the bubbler as an aid to finalize the prototype bubbler design.

ARROW (Version 2), a compressible flow piping network modeling and analysis computer program from Applied Flow Technology, was installed for use at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site near Richland, Washington.

A feasibility study to determine range and back-azimuth detection methods for an isolated generator powering common loads was completed. The study deployed 3-component E and B field sensors with sampling rates of 100 kHz in a low noise test location in Southern California. Scripted power and load cycling was recorded at ranges of 40 meters to 4 km from the generator/load source. Three loads were tested: a 100 meter string of lights, an inverter powering an air blower, and a resistive heater. No E-field or B-field radiated signals were detected at ranges greater than 40 meters with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than one. Large variations in the broadband background electromagnetic noise were observed and may have been responsible for null detections at some measurement locations. At the 40-meter station, a frequency shift upon generator loading was observed for all load types. Harmonics from the detuned generator (operating at 56.7 Hz) could be observed for all load types but were most pronounced for the inverter source. A back-azimuth estimation methodology was applied to detected harmonics with stable and consistent results. For the inverter source, consistent back azimuths to the source were determined for the fundamental and higher detected harmonics up to …

The equipment and methods used to recover and purify 339 g of thorium-230 and 890 mg of protactinium-231 from 22 of the 1251 drums of Cotter Concentrate are described. The process developed was (1) dissolution at 100/sup 0/C in concentrated nitric acid and dilution to 2 to 3 molar acid, (2) filtration to remove undissolved solids (mostly silica filter aid), (3) extraction of uranium with di-sec-butyl-phenyl phophonate (DSBPP) in carbon tetrachloride, (4) extraction of both thorium and protactinium with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in carbon tetrachloride followed by selective stripping of the thorium with dilute of sulfuric acid, (5) thorium purification using oxalic acid, (6) stripping protactinium from the TOPO with oxalic acid, and (7) protactinium purification through a sequence of steps. The development of the separation procedures, the design of the pilot plant, and the operating procedures are described in detail. Analytical procedures are given in an appendix. 8 figures, 4 tables.

The overall objective of this project was the development of a dosimetry system that provides the direct measurement of organ does in real-time with a sensitivity that makes it an effective tool for applications in a wide variety of health physics applications. The system included the development of a real-time readout system for fiber optic coupled (FOC) dosimeters that is integrated with a state-of-art anthropomorphic phantom to provide instantaneous measures of organ doses throughout the phantom. The small size of the FOC detectors and optical fibers allow the sensitive volume of the detector to be located at organ centroids (or multiple locations distributed through the organ) within a tissue equivalent, anthropomorphic phantom without perturbing the tissue equivalent features of the phantom. The developed phantom/dosimetry system can be used in any environment where personnel may be exposed to gamma or x-ray radiations to provide the most accurate determinations of organ and effective doses possible to date.