Savannah River Laboratory 165 type glass was leached with equilibrated J-13 groundwater at 90{degree}C for times up to 182 days. These experiments were performed as part of an effort by the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project to assess the importance of radiation effects on repository performance and waste glass corrosion. The gamma radiation field used in this work was 1. 0 +- 0.2 x 10{sup 4} rad/h. Glass dissolution is notably incongruent throughout the entire experimental periods and normalized releases follow the sequence Li {ge} Na {ge} B {approx_equal} U {ge} Si. The normalized leach rates of these elements, as well as the measured growth rates of the reaction layers, decreased with time. The only significant variation observed in the abundance of anions is the systematic decrease in NO{sub 3}/sup {minus}//NO{sub 2}/sup {minus}/ ratio from the starting EJ-13 groundwater to the EJ-13 blank experiments to the tuff- and glass-containing experiments. A leaching model that is consistent with the observed solution data and depth profiles is presented. The applicability and limitation of the present results in predicting the actual interactions that may occur in the NNWSI repository are discussed. 35 refs., 30 figs., 12 tabs.

This report summarizes the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) DIII-D cooperation during FY87. The LLNL participation in DIII-D concentrated on three principal areas: ECH and current-drive physics, divertor and edge physics, and tokamak operations. These topics are dicussed in this report. 27 refs., 11 figs.

This Data Book updates and expands the previous Data Book originally published by the Department of Energy in September, 1986 (DOE/RL/01830/16). Energy-related information is provided under the following headings: Characteristics of Residential Buildings in the US; Characteristics of New Single Family Construction in the US; Characteristics of New Multi-Family Construction in the US; Household Appliances; Residential Sector Energy Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures; Characteristics of US Commercial Buildings; Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures; and Additional Buildings and Community Systems Information. 12 refs., 59 figs., 118 tabs.

This document presents an implementation plan for completing the phase II portion of the Middle Fork and Upper Salmon River Habitat Improvement Agreement. Underseeding of spawning adult salmon and steelhead, high instream sediment levels, a lack of habitat diversity in the form of overhanging riparian vegetation and edge, and barriers to both adult and juvenile anadromous fish migration were identified as the principal factors limiting anadromous fish production in the project area. Underseeding is being addressed in other projects sponsored and funded by the Bonneville Power Administration while this implementation plan lays out a schedule for resolving the other identified limiting factors. The primary goal of this program is to increase the quality and quantity of anadromous fish habitat (spring chinook and summer steelhead) with an emphasis on the survival of the wild stocks. This goal will be achieved by reducing the impact of sediment loading, improving riparian vegetation, eliminating passage barriers, and increasing habitat diversity. Meeting the above goal will provide off-site mitigation under the manadate of the pacific northwest electric power planning and conservation act of 1980. Project implementation will follow measures in the Northwest Power Council's Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Program. 9 refs., 3 figs., 5 …

We review the solution and properties of the diffusion equation in a hierarchical or ultrametric space. 11 refs.

This study has been conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to review the environmental and economic impacts associated with the use of extended burnup nuclear fuel in light water power reactors. It has been proposed that current batch average burnup levels of 33 GWd/t uranium be increased to above 50 GWd/t. The environmental effects of extending fuel burnup during normal operations and during accident events and the economic effects of cost changes on the fuel cycle are discussed in this report. The physical effects of extended burnup on the fuel and the fuel assembly are also presented as a basis for the environmental and economic assessments. Environmentally, this burnup increase would have no significant impact over that of normal burnup. Economically, the increased burnup would have favorable effects, consisting primarily of a reduction: (1) total fuel requirements; (2) reactor downtime for fuel replacement; (3) the number of fuel shipments to and from reactor sites; and (4) repository storage requirements. 61 refs., 4 figs., 27 tabs.

Room-temperature strength, fracture toughness, Young's modulus, and thermal-shock resistance were determined for 68--98% dense lithium orthosilicate (Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/) specimens. In the low-density regime, both strength and fracture toughness were controlled by the density of the specimen. At high density, the strength depends on grain size. Young's modulus values ranged from 30--103 GPa at densities between 68 and 98% TD. A critical quenching temperature difference in the range of 150--170/degree/C was observed in thermal-shock tests of bar specimens. Steady-state creep tests indicated 90% dense Li/sub 4/SiO/sub 4/ fractures at T less than or equal to 800/degree/C before reaching steady state and deforms plastically at 900/degree/C. It is more creep-resistant at 900/degree/C than Li/sub 2/O, about equal to Li/sub 2/Zr)/sub 3/, and less than LiA10/sub 2/. 13 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

This report reviews the Fracture Flow Behavior in Rock Study being performed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The study's objective is to determine the feasibility of predicting mechanical-hydrological behavior of natural rock fractures by accurately characterizing fracture surface topography and mineralization. A laboratory-scale facility is currently being used to ensure optimum control of variables. Devising a technique to study small-scale samples is the first step to understanding the complex coupled processes encountered in geomechanics and hydrology. The major accomplishments during fiscal year 1987 were initial development of the innovative testing method, identification of appropriate specimens, substantial renovation to the facility, completion of several sets of experiments, and procurement of hardware components for a laser-imaging device used to characterize fracture surfaces. A complete set of preliminary results and findings is presented in this report. These results, gathered from a basalt core with a natural fracture, have demonstrated that the methodology is valid, and definite trends in the data are readily apparent. 10 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of a human cell contains all the information required for specifying that cell, or indeed the whole person, and constitues the human genome. Programs are now underway to obtain genetic linkage maps and physical maps of human chromosomes containing the DNA, and large scale efforts will soon begin to provide detailed sequences. The challenges involved in assembling these data into a knowledge base are examined. Computations will play a key role in enabling the scientists to understand the information contained in sequence data. Pattern recognition and string matching algorithms will be of particular importance. Recent results in the use of adaptive networks for pattern detection will be presented. 19 refs.

This report describes some of the programs developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for network modelling. By themselves, these programs form a complete chain for the study of the equivalent permeability of two-dimensional fracture networks. FMG generates the fractures considered as line discontinuities, with any desired distribution of aperture, length, and orientation. The locations of these fractures on a plane can be either specified or generated randomly. The intersections of these fractures with each other, and with the boundaries of a specified flow region, are determined, and a finite element line network is output. RENUM is a line network optimizer. Nodes very close to each other are merged, deadends are removed, and the nodes are then renumbered in order to minimize the bandwidth of the corresponding linear system of equations. LINEL computes the steady state flux through a mesh of line elements previously processed by program RENUM. Equivalent directional permeabilities are output. ELLFMG determines the three components of the permeability tensor which best fits the directional permeabilities output by LINEL. A measure of the goodness fit is also computed. Two plotting programs, DIMES and ELLP, help visualize the outputs of these programs. DIMES plots the line network at various stages of …

The swelling of intermetallic materials depends upon the crystalline or amorphous state of the material. When U/sub 3/Si is irradiated at temperatures above its amorphization limit, it remains crystalline and does not suffer extraordinary swelling. However, when it is irradiated at temperatures below its amorphization limit, body forces associated with the irradiation cause any internal free volume to suffer a rapid growth, and the material swells at an anomalously fast rate. As has been previously noted, fission-gas bubbles are not directly responsible for this swelling; however, once formed, the bubble volume, as any interior volume, may increase rapidly. An unusual and important result is that once U/sub 3/Si has been irradiated to a high fluence, (above 2 /times/ 10/sup 20/ Kr m/sup /minus/2/), the irradiation behavior appropriate for the initial irradiation temperature is locked in, at least temporarily, and that behavior persists even at irradiation temperatures that normally result in the opposite behavior. For example, after a 620/degree/K irradiation, the crystalline state is retained during subsequent irradiation at 420/degree/K to more than ten times the fluence required to amorphize unirradiated material at 420/degree/K. 19 refs., 3 figs.

The proposed ITER design may rely heavily on Lower Hybrid waves to provide heating, current drive, MHD stabilization through current profile modification and transformer recharging. This paper presents a detailed survey of recent LH experimental results from PLT, Alcator C, ASDEX, Petula-B, FT and JT-60. Current drive and heating efficiencies are given, as well as regimes where sawteeth and m = 1 and 2 oscillations are stabilized. In addition, in ASDEX and JT-60, LH waves in combination with neutral beams, (a possible ITER scenario) experiments are examined. Finally, the current drive efficiency for ITER is obtained by extrapolating from the LHCD database. Assuming 12 MW of LH power, approximately 4.5 to 5.6 MA of current could be driven in ITER. However, the high density (/ovr /n///sub e/ = 8 /times/ 10/sup 19/ m/sup /minus/3/) and high temperature (/ovr/T///sub e/ = 21 keV) will preclude wave penetration to the center. Assuming a narrow N/sub /parallel// spectrum (1.2 /approx lt/ N/sub /parallel// /approx lt/ 2) the LH waves should be absorbed within the outer half of the plasma. 43 refs., 18 figs., 10 tabs.

This paper contains a review of some of the accomplishments of the pre-equilibrium decay models. 23 refs. (LSP)

After a brief description of the goal of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) this paper poses and answers three questions related to Quality Assurance (QA) at the Laboratory. First, what is the difference between 'orthodox' and 'unorthodox' QA and is there a place for 'orthodox' QA at a laboratory like Fermilab. Second, are the deeper philosophical and cultural frameworks of high-energy physics acommodating or antagonistic to an 'orthodox' QA Program. Finally, faced with the task of developing an institutional QA program for Fermilab where does one begin. The paper is based on experience with the on-going development and implementation of an institutional QA Program at Fermilab. 10 refs.

The national economy is particularly dependent on efficient electrical generation and transportation. Electrical demand continues to grow and will increasingly rely on coal and nuclear fuels. The nuclear power industry still has not found a solution to the problem of disposing of the waste produced by nuclear reactors. Although coal is in ample supply and the infrastructure is in place for its utilization, environmental problems and improved conversion processes remain technical challenges. In the case of transportation, the nation depends almost exclusively on liquid fuels with attendant reliance on imported oil. Economic alternates---synfuels from coal, natural gas, and oil shale, or fuel cells and batteries---have yet to be developed or perfected so as to impact the marketplace. Inefficiencies in energy conversion in almost all phases of resource utilization remain. These collective problems are the focus of the Energy Program.

It is shown that observations of the Lithium isotope ratio in high surface temperature Population II stars may be critical to cosmological nucleosynthesis models. In particular, decaying particle scenarios as derived in some supersymmetric models may stand or fall with such observations. 15 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

A new phenomenon has been observed in TFTR discharges with neutral beam injection and slowly ramped plasma current. When q/sub /psi// (a) reaches certain values close to low-order rational numbers, the D/sub ..cap alpha../ emission decreases and the electron density profile broadens and increases, similar to observations during the H-mode in other tokamaks. This ''q-mode'' appears to have a neutral beam power threshold of /approximately/ 6 MW. During co-injection, the plasma toroidal rotation decreases by /approximately/ 50% at the transition. Very slowly toroidally rotating coherent adge modes, which slow and lock at the transition, were identified from the measured perturbations in /tilde B//sub theta// with mn /approximately/ q/sub /psi//(a). Calculations based on a tearing-mode model indicate that large islands, consistent with these measurements, could be present in the plasma edge and alter the plasma limiter interaction. At the transition Z/sub eff/ increases typically from 3 to 3.5. This increase and the electron density increase are caused largely by an increase in the carbon density. These increases raise the drag on fast ions, rapidly thermalizing some of the energy stored by beam ions, causing a transient rise in the plasma thermal energy. In addition, the global energy confinement time increases transiently. …

This memorandum recommends the use of water quenching, rather than air quenching, for pressed slugs in any future project to substantially update the Building 313-M slug manufacturing facility. At the outset of the recently canceled Project S-4092, Improved Slug Processing Facility (ISPF), 313-M, consensus of the SRP liaison team was to replace the existing water quench facility with air quenching. Principal motivations were to eliminate a liquid waste stream, reduce the quantity of process water used, and attain a more reliable mechanical system. During the ensuing years, unforeseen difficulties with air quenching have been realized. Also, effective methods of reducing and treating the waste streams generated by water quenching have been developed. Both methods the author believes will work. However, the propriety of either method of quenching is a function of the system into which it is being incorporated. Each method carried with it a lot of concealed constraint s and carefully designed additional equipment. There is today a consensus that water quenching is preferable. For future reference, some advantages and disadvantages of the two quenching methods are discussed.

The program RADLST (Radiation Listing) is designed to calculate the nuclear and atomic radiations associated with the radioactive decay of nuclei. It uses as its primary input nuclear decay data in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) format. The code is written in FORTRAN 77 and, with a few exceptions, is consistent with the ANSI standard. 65 refs.

The optical spectra of the lanthanides doped into single crystal LaF/sub 3/ have been interpreted in terms of transitions within 4f/sup N/ configurations. Energy-level calculations were based on a simultaneous diagonalization of the free-ion and crystal-field matrices using an approximate model with C/sub 2v/ site symmetry instead of the actual C/sub 2/ symmetry. Excellent correlations between experimental transition energies and the computed level structures were obtained; predicted levels are given for Pm/sup 3 +/. Previously unpublished experimental results for Nd/sup 3 +/ and Sm/sup 3 +/:LaF/sub 3/ are included in the tabulations. The spectroscopic data for each ion were analyzed independently, then the parameters of the effective-operator model were intercompared and systematic trends were identified. Since many of the 4f/sup N/ configurations extend well into the vacuum ultraviolet region, and thus beyond any presently available experimental observations, some of the free-ion (atomic) parameters were found to be only approximately defined by the accessible levels. However, the crystal-field parameters seem for the most part to be well established by fits to data at low energies. A new chart of the lanthanide ion 4f/sup N/ configuration energy level structures is presented. It was generated by including all of the computed crystal-field levels …

The main thrust of the research program was directed at the acquisition, installation and initial operation of the General Ionex Model 1545 charged particle accelerator which will be used in the subsequent reaction cross section measurements. The initial operation of the accelerator has been quite successful, with all of the crucial characteristics meeting or exceeding design specifications. We have made preliminary measurements of the reactions 12C(rho,..gamma..)13N/sup 11/B(rho,..gamma..)/sup 12/C, and D(rho,..gamma..)/sup 3/He as tests of total system integrity and have carried out studies of the interaction of proton and alpha particle beams with deuterated-polyethylene targets. 11 refs.

This program, Development and Evaluation of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Polar and High-Molecular-Weight Coal Components, is aimed at the development of new analytical technologies for the characterization of previously intractable complex mixtures. The specific goals of this program are twofold: (1) to develop and evaluate a combined high-resolution, capillary column, supercritical fluid chromatograph/high-performance mass spectrometer (SFC/MS) that is capable of analyzing high-molecular-weight materials, such as polar and heavy-end components found in coal conversion processes; and (2) to use this system to develop and evaluate analytical technology applicable to coal process development technology. Studies have been conducted to characterize the performance of the supercritical fluid chromatograph-mass spectrometer interface, and several modifications have been made to the probe, ion source, and associated hardware to improve performance and operator safety. Methods have been developed that allow the mass calibration of the magnetic sector mass spectrometer to 1400 daltons using desorption chemical ionization. Methodologies have been improved for fabricating capillary columns with bonded, crosslinked stationary phases suitable for use with polar fluids. Coal-derived materials and fossil-fuel-derived sediments have been investigated with supercritical fluid chromatograph/mass spectrometry and supercritical fluid extraction/mass spectrometry. Microbore packed columns coupled to a modified mass spectrometer interface allowed the chemical …

Under a previous contract with Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), Department of Energy (DOE) Contract No. DE-AC21-84MC21108, UCC Research Corporation (UCCRC) built and tested a 1500 lb/day Mild Gasification Process Development Unit (MGU). The MGU, as tested under the previous contract, is shown in Figure 1. Testing completed under the previous contract showed that good quality hydrocarbon liquids and good quality char can be produced in the MGU. However, the MGU is not optimized. The primary objectives of the current project are to optimize the MGU and determine the suitability of char for several commercial applications. The program consists of four tasks; Task 1-Test Plan; Task 2-Optimization of Mild Gasification Process; Task 3-Evaluation of Char and Char/Coal Blends as a Boiler/Blast Furnace Fuel; and Task 4-Analysis of Data and Preparation of Final Report. Task 1 has been completed while work continued on Task 2.

Under a previous contract with Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), Department of Energy (DOE) Contract No. DE-AC21-84MC21108, UCC Research Corporation (UCCRC) built and tested a 1500 lb/day Mild Gasification Process Development Unit (MGU). The MGU, as tested under the previous contract, is shown in Figure 1. Testing completed under the previous contract showed that good quality hydrocarbon liquids and good quality char can be produced in the MGU. However, the MGU is not optimized. The primary objectives of the current project are to optimize the MGU and determine the suitability of char for several commercial applications. The program consists of four tasks; Task 1-Test Plan; Task 2-Optimization of Mild Gasification Process; Task 3-Evaluation of Char and Char/Coal Blends as a Boiler/Blast Furnace Fuel; and Task 4-Analysis of Data and Preparation of Final Report. Task 1 has been completed while work continued on Task 2.