Influence of Geometry on Natural Convection in Buildings (open access)

Influence of Geometry on Natural Convection in Buildings

Strong free convection airflows occur within passive solar buildings resulting from elevated temperatures of surfaces irradiated by solar energy compared with the cooler surfaces not receiving radiation. The geometry of a building has a large influence on the directions and magnitudes of natural airflows, and thus heat transfer between zones. This investigation has utilized a variety of reduced-scale building configurations to study the effects of geometry on natural convection heat transfer. Similarity between the reduced-scale model and a full-scale passive solar building is achieved by having similar geometries and by replacing air with Freon-12 gas as the model's working fluid. Filling the model with Freon-12 gas results in similarity in Prandtl numbers and Rayleigh numbers based on temperature differences in the range from 10/sup 9/ to 10/sup 11/. Results from four geometries are described with an emphasis placed on the effects of heat loss on zone temperature stratification shifts.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: White, M. D.; Winn, C. B.; Jones, G. F. & Balcomb, J. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal energy development in the Eastern United States. Technical assistance report No. 4. Geothermal space heating: Pittsville Middle/Elementary School, Pittsville, Maryland (open access)

Geothermal energy development in the Eastern United States. Technical assistance report No. 4. Geothermal space heating: Pittsville Middle/Elementary School, Pittsville, Maryland

A technical evaluation was made to determine whether geothermal energy obtained from a well could be used to space heat the new school building being constructed as well as the existing elementary wing of the Pittsville School. The first part deals with space heating the new school building only; the second part pertains to space heating the new school building together with the new existing wing. An addendum was added for new well and production pump costs. (MHR)
Date: June 1, 1980
Creator: Briesen, R.V. & Yu, K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arizona geothermal institutional handbook: Arizona geothermal commercialization planning team, January 1-December 31, 1979 (open access)

Arizona geothermal institutional handbook: Arizona geothermal commercialization planning team, January 1-December 31, 1979

The purpose of this handbook is to assist in understanding the various procedures and requirements necessary for the development of geothermal energy in the State of Arizona. It contains the names of key persons and agencies who are directly or indirectly involved in the institutional process. A detailed assessment of all agencies and the role they play in geothermal energy development is provided. The handbook is divided into four sections: State and Local rules and regulations, the Federal rules and regulations, references, and a technical bibliography. (MHR)
Date: May 1, 1980
Creator: Malysa, L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Problems of hydroelectric development at existing dams: an analysis of institutional, economic, and environmental restraints in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland (open access)

Problems of hydroelectric development at existing dams: an analysis of institutional, economic, and environmental restraints in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland

The methodology that has been developed to analyze the impact of possible government actions on the development of small-scale hydroelectric power in the United States is described. The application of the methodology to a specific region of the United States is also described. Within the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) region, the methodology has been used to evaluate the significance of some of the existing institutional and economic constraints on hydroelectric development at existing dams. The basic process for the analysis and evaluation is estimation of the hydroelectric energy that can be developed for a given price of electricity. Considering the present constraints and a geographical region of interest, one should be able to quantify the potential hydroelectric energy supply versus price. Estimates of how the supply varies with possible changes in governmental policies, regulations, and actions should assist the government in making decisions concerning these governmental functions relative to hydroelectric development. The methodology for estimating the hydroelectric supply at existing dams is included.
Date: April 1, 1979
Creator: Taylor, R. J. & Green, L. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain: a scenario for geothermal energy development (open access)

Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain: a scenario for geothermal energy development

A scenario for the development of potential geothermal resources in the Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain states of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida is explained and discussed. A description of the resources and the nature of the potential applications and energy market in this region are given. A ranking of the resources as to their energy content, potential market, etc., is described, and the assumptions and strategy used to generate the scenario are discussed. A more complete report on the detailed aspects involved in the preparation of the development scenario will be issued in the near future.
Date: February 1, 1978
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Review of nuclear reaction data evaluation in the US (open access)

Review of nuclear reaction data evaluation in the US

The development of the nuclear reaction data evaluation activities in the US over the last 40 years is reviewed, starting with comments on several reports as early as 1944. The review moves on to the development of consortia to share the burden by interchanging sets of data and efforts toward putting together an encoding system and computer-oriented formats. It is predicted that future emphasis is likely to be on charged particle induced reactions. (LEW)
Date: May 1, 1985
Creator: Howerton, Robert J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental assessment, Deaf Smith County site, Texas Volume II (open access)

Environmental assessment, Deaf Smith County site, Texas Volume II

The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (42 USC sections 10101-10226) requires the environmental assessment of a proposed site to include a statement of the basis for nominating a site as suitable for characterization. Volume 2 provides a detailed statement evaluating the site suitability of the Deaf Smith County Site under DOE siting guidelines, as well as a comparison of the Deaf Smith County Site to the other sites under consideration. The evaluation of the Deaf Smith County Site is based on the impacts associated with the reference repository design, but the evaluation will not change if based on the Mission Plan repository concept. The second part of this document compares the Deaf Smith County Site to Davis Canyon, Hanford, Richton Dome and Yucca Mountain. This comparison is required under DOE guidelines and is not intended to directly support subsequent recommendation of three sites for characterization as candidate sites. 259 refs., 29 figs., 66 refs. (MHB)
Date: May 1986
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Development Plan: Maricopa County (open access)

Geothermal Development Plan: Maricopa County

Maricopa county is the area of Arizona receiving top priority since it contains over half of the state's population. The county is located entirely within the Basin and Range physiographic region in which geothermal resources are known to occur. Several approaches were taken to match potential users to geothermal resources. One approach involved matching some of the largest facilities in the county to nearby geothermal resources. Other approaches involved identifying industrial processes whose heat requirements are less than the average assessed geothermal reservoir temperature of 110/sup 0/C (230/sup 0/F). Since many of the industries are located on or near geothermal resources, geothermal energy potentially could be adapted to many industrial processes.
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: White, Don H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results of the Radiological Survey at 133 Maywood Avenue, Maywood, New Jersey (MJ025) (open access)

Results of the Radiological Survey at 133 Maywood Avenue, Maywood, New Jersey (MJ025)

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally {sup 232}Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurement of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site, 133 Maywood Avenue, Maywood, New Jersey (MJ025), was conducted during 1987. The survey results demonstrate that all radionuclide concentrations and measurements conform to DOE remedial action criteria. All values are at or below typical background values found in northern New Jersey. …
Date: October 1, 1989
Creator: Foley, R. D.; Carrier, R. F.; Floyd, L. M. & Crutcher, J.W. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results of the Radiological Survey at the Property at Main Street and Highway 46, Lodi, New Jersey (lLJ074) (open access)

Results of the Radiological Survey at the Property at Main Street and Highway 46, Lodi, New Jersey (lLJ074)

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally {sup 232}Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurements of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site located at the intersection of Main Street and Highway 46, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ074), was conducted during 1987. While some radiological measurements taken at the vacant lot at the intersection of Main Street and Highway 46 were greater than background levels …
Date: September 1, 1989
Creator: Foley, R. D.; Carrier, R. F.; Floyd, L. M. & Crutcher, J. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental assessment: Deaf Smith County site, Texas Volume III (open access)

Environmental assessment: Deaf Smith County site, Texas Volume III

In February 1983, the US Department of Energy (DOE) identified a location in Deaf Smith County, Texas, as one of the nine potentially acceptable sites for mined geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. To determine their suitability, the Deaf Smith County site and eight other potentially acceptable sites have been evaluated in accordance with the DOE's General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for the Nuclear Waste Repositories. The Deaf Smith County site is in the Permian Basin, which is one of five distinct geohydrologic settings considered for the first repository. On the basis of the evaluations reported in this EA, the DOE has found that the Deaf Smith County site is not disqualified under the guidelines.
Date: May 1986
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Low Energy X-Ray Spectra Measured With a Mercuric Iodide Energy Dispersive Spectrometer in a Scanning Electron Microscope (open access)

Low Energy X-Ray Spectra Measured With a Mercuric Iodide Energy Dispersive Spectrometer in a Scanning Electron Microscope

A mercuric iodide energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer, with Peltier cooling provided for the detector and input field effect transistor, has been developed and tested in a scanning electron microscope. X-ray spectra were obtained with the 15 keV electron beam. An energy resolution of 225 eV (FWHM) for Mn-K/sub ..cap alpha../ at 5.9 keV and 195 eV (FWHM) for Mg-K line at 1.25 keV has been measured. Overall system noise level was 175 eV (FWHM). The detector system characterization with a carbon target demonstrated good energy sensitivity at low energies and lack of significant spectral artifacts at higher energies. 16 refs., 5 figs.
Date: January 1, 1985
Creator: Iwanczyk, J. S.; Dabrowski, A. J.; Huth, G. C.; Bradley, J. G.; Conley, J. M. & Albee, A. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental assessment overview, Deaf Smith County site, Texas (open access)

Environmental assessment overview, Deaf Smith County site, Texas

In February 1983, the US Department of Energy (DOE) identified a location in Deaf Smith County, Texas, as one of nine potentially acceptable sites for mined geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. To determine their suitability, the Deaf Smith County site and eight other potentially acceptable sites have been evaluated in accordance with the DOE's General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for the Nuclear Waste Repositories. The Deaf Smith County site is in the Permian Basin, which is one of five distinct geohydrologic settings considered for the first repository. On the basis of the evaluations reported in this EA, the DOE has found that the Deaf Smith County site is not disqualified under the guidelines. On the basis of these findings, the DOE is nominating the Deaf Smith County site as one of five sites suitable for characterization. 3 figs.
Date: May 1986
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Refractory materials for high-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion (open access)

Refractory materials for high-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion

Theoretical work of two decades ago adequately explained the transport behavior and effectively guided the development of thermoelectric materials of high conversion efficiencies of conventional semiconductors (e.g., SiGe alloys). The more significant contributions involved the estimation of optimum doping concentrations, the reduction of thermal conductivity by solid solution doping and the development of a variety of materials with ZT approx. 1 in the temperature range 300 K to 1200 K. It was also shown that ZT approx. 1 is not a theoretical limitation although, experimentally, values in excess of one were not achieved. Work has continued with emphasis on higher temperature energy conversion. A number of promising materials have been discovered in which it appears that ZT > 1 is realizable. These materials can be divided into two classes: (i) the rare-earth chalcogenides, which behave as itinerant highly-degenerate n-type semiconductors at room-temperature, and (ii) the boron-rich borides, which exhibit p-type small-polaronic hopping conductivity.
Date: January 1, 1983
Creator: Wood, C. & Emin, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental assessment of Chalk Point cooling tower drift and vapor emissions (open access)

Environmental assessment of Chalk Point cooling tower drift and vapor emissions

An assessment is provided of selected environmental effects of operating the cooling towers and stacks of Units No. 3 and No. 4 of the Potomac Electric Power Company's generating station at Chalk Point, Maryland. The emphasis is on the magnitude of salt deposition to the area surrounding the cooling tower due to saline water drift. A secondary but important consideration is the magnitude of salt loading due to saline drift from the stack which uses saline river water in scrubbing flue gases. This salt loading together with that of the ambient salt background is assessed for its effects on soils, crops, native vegetation and man-made structures. Other atmospheric effects examined are: enhancement of ground level fogging and icing, enhancement of precipitation, and the flight hazards to aircraft. A numerical model of drift deposition has been developed and validated against the data collected in the Dyed Drift Experiment at Chalk Point. Use of the available data model predictions indicate that with fulltime, full load operation of both 600 MW(e) units significant levels of salt deposition occur only on the plant site within 0.4 km of the source. The predicted maximum salt deposition rates are given. The effects on soils, crops and …
Date: March 1, 1979
Creator: Davis, E. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Development Plan: Cochise-Santa Cruz Counties (open access)

Geothermal Development Plan: Cochise-Santa Cruz Counties

A total of five hot springs and 25 thermal wells are located within the combined counties. The water discharged from these hot springs and wells may be suitable for applications such as process heat and space heating and cooling. Within Cochise county there are two large firms which are capable of using 70/sup 0/C (158/sup 0/F) geothermal water for their process heat requirements but the potential use of geothermal energy in Santa Cruz county is limited due to the absence of industry within the county. The amount of geothermal energy on line as a function of time under both private and city-owned utility development is also predicted using a computer simulation model.
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: White, Don H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Low-cost flywheel demonstration program. Final report, 1 October 1977-31 December 1979 (open access)

Low-cost flywheel demonstration program. Final report, 1 October 1977-31 December 1979

The Applied Physics Laboratory/Department of Energy Low Cost Flywheel Demonstration Program was initiated on 1 October 1977 and was successfully concluded on 31 December 1979. The total cost of this program was $355,190. All primary objectives were successfully achieved as follows: demonstration of a full-size, 1-kWh flywheel having an estimated cost in large-volume production of approximately $50/kWh; development of a ball-bearing system having losses comparable to the losses in a totally magnetic suspension system; successful and repeated demonstration of the low-cost flywheel in a complete flywheel energy-storage system based on the use of ordinary house voltage and frequency; and application of the experience gained in the hardware program to project the system design into a complete, full-scale, 30-kWh home-type flywheel energy-storage system.
Date: April 1, 1980
Creator: Rabenhorst, D. W.; Small, T. R. & Wilkinson, W. O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Utah: basic data for thermal springs and wells as recorded in GEOTHERM (open access)

Utah: basic data for thermal springs and wells as recorded in GEOTHERM

This GEOTHERM sample file contains 643 records for Utah. Records may be present which are duplicates for the same analyses. A record may contain data on location, sample description, analysis type (water, condensate, or gas), collection condition, flow rates, and the chemical and physical properties of the fluid. Stable and radioactive isotopic data are occasionally available. Some records may contain only location and temperature. This compilation should contain all the chemical data for geothermal fluids in Utah available as of December, 1981. 7 refs. (ACR)
Date: May 1, 1983
Creator: Bliss, J. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal Development Plan: Pima County (open access)

Geothermal Development Plan: Pima County

Pima County is located entirely within the Basin and Range physiographic province in which geothermal resources are known to occur. Continued growth as indicated by such factors as population growth, employment and income will require large amounts of energy. It is believed that geothermal energy could provide some of the energy that will be needed. Potential users of geothermal energy within the county are identified.
Date: January 1, 1981
Creator: White, Don H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results of the Radiological Survey at 106 Columbia Lane, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ063) (open access)

Results of the Radiological Survey at 106 Columbia Lane, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ063)

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally {sup 232}Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurement of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site, 106 Columbia Lane, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ063), was conducted during 1987. Results of the survey demonstrated radionuclide concentrations in excess of the DOE Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program criteria. The radionuclide distributions are typical of the type of material originating …
Date: July 1, 1989
Creator: Foley, R. D.; Floyd, L. M. & Crutcher, J. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2005 Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Report for the Upper Trimble Project (open access)

2005 Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Report for the Upper Trimble Project

On July 13, 2004, the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) was used to determine baseline habitat suitability on the Upper Trimble property, an acquisition completed by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians in March 2004. Evaluation species and appropriate models include bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, Canada goose, mallard, muskrat, yellow warbler, and white-tailed deer. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values were visually estimated and agreed upon by all HEP team members. The Upper Trimble Project provides a total of 250.67 Habitat Units (HUs) for the species evaluated. Wet meadow provides 136.92 HUs for mallard, muskrat, and Canada goose. Mixed forest habitat provides 111.88 HUs for bald eagle, black-capped chickadee, mallard, and white-tailed deer. Scrub-shrub vegetation provides 1.87 HUs for yellow warbler, and white-tailed deer. The objective of using HEP at the Upper Trimble Project and other protected properties is to document the quality and quantity of available habitat for selected wildlife species. In this way, HEP provides information on the relative value of the same area at future points in time so that the effect of management activities on wildlife habitat can be quantified. When combined with other tools, the baseline HEP will be used to determine the most effective on-site management, restoration, …
Date: February 28, 2005
Creator: Entz, Ray
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final Work Plan: Investigation of Potential Contamination at the Former USDA Facility in Powhattan, Kansas. (open access)

Final Work Plan: Investigation of Potential Contamination at the Former USDA Facility in Powhattan, Kansas.

This Work Plan outlines the scope of work to be conducted to investigate the subsurface contaminant conditions at the property formerly leased by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) in Powhattan, Kansas (Figure 1.1). Data obtained during this event will be used to (1) evaluate potential contaminant source areas on the property; (2) determine the vertical and horizontal extent of potential contamination; and (3) provide recommendations for future action, with the ultimate goal of assigning this site No Further Action status. The planned investigation includes groundwater monitoring requested by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), in accordance with Section V of the Intergovernmental Agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The work is being performed on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. A nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at former CCC/USDA grain storage facilities. Argonne issued a Master Work Plan (Argonne 2002) that has been approved by the KDHE. The Master Work Plan describes the general scope of all …
Date: February 2, 2007
Creator: LaFreniere, L. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
2005 Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Report for the Calispell Creek Project (open access)

2005 Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) Report for the Calispell Creek Project

On July 13, 2004, the Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) was used to determine baseline habitat suitability on the Calispell Creek property, an acquisition completed by the Kalispel Tribe of Indians in February 2004. Evaluation species and appropriate models include Canada goose, mallard, muskrat, yellow warbler, and white-tailed deer. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values were visually estimated and agreed upon by all HEP team members. The Calispell Creek Project provides a total of 138.17 Habitat Units (HUs) for the species evaluated. Emergent wetland habitat provides 5.16 HUs for mallard and muskrat. Grassland provides 132.02 HUs for mallard and Canada goose. Scrub-shrub vegetation provides 0.99 HUs for yellow warbler and white-tailed deer. The objective of using HEP at the Calispell Creek Project and other protected properties is to document the quality and quantity of available habitat for selected wildlife species. In this way, HEP provides information on the relative value of the same area at future points in time so that the effect of management activities on wildlife habitat can be quantified. When combined with other tools, the baseline HEP will be used to determine the most effective on-site management, restoration, and enhancement actions to increase habitat suitability for targeted species. The …
Date: February 1, 2005
Creator: Entz, Ray
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Revised plan : recommended investigation at Navarre, Kansas. (open access)

Revised plan : recommended investigation at Navarre, Kansas.

None
Date: January 31, 2006
Creator: LaFreniere, L. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library