A simple analytic method is developed, based on physical approximations, for treating transient implosive longitudinal compression of bunches of heavy ions in an accelerator system for ignition of inertial-confinement fusion pellet targets. Parametric dependences of attainable compressions and of beam path lengths and times during compression are indicated for ramped pulsed-gap lines, rf systems in storage and accumulator rings, and composite systems, including sections of free drift. It appears that for high-confidence pellets in a plant producing 1000 MW of electric power the needed pulse lengths cannot be obtained with rings alone unless an unreasonably large number of them are used, independent of choice of rf harmonic number. In contrast, pulsed-gap lines alone can meet this need. The effects of an initial inward compressive drift and of longitudinal emittance are included.

Fluidized bed incineration and waste fixation processes are being used to process the types of wastes expected from nuclear fuel reprocessing and production plants. Test incineration runs have been made on two types of wastes: high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and tributyl phosphate-solvent solutions. Laboratory-scale vitrification equipment was used to produce glass pellets from incinerator ash and blends of other expected waste streams. Computer modeling gave an expected product integrity life of over 2,000 years.

The basic purpose of the Geothermal Environmental Overview Project is to summarize and assess the state of environmental issues of the top priority KGRAs from among the 37 KGRAs currently identified by the Division of Geothermal Energy as having possibility for commercial development. The objectives of the Overview Project are inventory of available data, assessment of available data, identification of data gaps, and identification of key issues. (JGB)

The past, present, and future thrusts of the magnetic mirror fusion program at LLL are reviewed. Neutral beam injection, stabilization, and density-lifetime product results from the 2XIIB experiment are briefly highlighted. The rationale of the Tandem Mirror Experiment and Field Reversed Mirror Experiment now under way are discussed. Plans for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) are described. Approaches to improvement of particle containment in mirror fusion systems are briefly indicated. (RME)

The purpose of this programming project is to assign automatically reasonable molecular formulas to experimental masses obtained from high-resolution mass spectra. The program developed reads experimental carbon-12 masses, converts them to corresponding Kendrick masses, and assigns a set of reasonable molecular formulas to each Kendrick mass within a given tolerance. The computational methods to do this are based on the tables previously developed by Guffey and Weber. The methods used to search these tables and generate the corresponding molecular formulas are discussed. This program is organized now so that it is resident on a disk pack on the IBM 370/158. Data entry may be from cards or from ket-to-disk data entry (TSO) terminal. This program is being used to process data acquired from the CEC 21-110B mass spectrometer. The development of this program will be continued to increase its analytical capabilities and to increase its ease of use. Acquisition of high-resolution mass spectral data for 12 fractions obtained from separation of a Canadian Tar Oil Sand sample has been continued.

An important scaling parameter or figure of merit in inertially-confined fusion is the maximum fuel rho R achieved by the target--rho is the density, and R the radius of the fuel. Every technique used, thus far, in laser-initiated-fusion-microexplosion experiments to obtain this data had major deficiencies. We examine critically the merits of the various possible methods of measuring fuel rho R and their ranges of applicability.

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Time-dependent deformation and time-dependent strength are being characterized for several candidate polymeric composites for flywheels. This presentation highlights the motivation and the philosophy of the characterization adopted by the authors in establishing the ongoing programs at LLL. This overview is intended to provide a basis for inferring the type of enginering data being generated for different aspects of flywheel design. The details of these data can be obtained from the published reports and articles. Two aspects of flywheel design data are addressed: those dealing with time-dependent statistical strength, and those dealing with deformation and strength under time-varying history.

Measurements have been made of the electrical resistivity, the acoustic wave speed, density, and water content of six groups of rock samples taken from Cenozoic volcanic units. It has been found from these measurements that the correlations between physical properties are significantly different in the case of volcanic rocks than in the case of sandstones and limestones. For a given porosity and water content, the resistivity of a volcanic rock is several fold greater than that of a sandstone or limestone. Also, there is a weaker correlation between acoustic wave speed and porosity in volcanic rocks than in sandstones and limestones. The effect of temperature on the properties of these rocks appears to be predictable from fundamental considerations to temperatures as high as 100/sup 0/C.

A discussion is given of possible septum magnet parameters for small production angle experiments in the ISABELLE storage rings. Superconducting septa and torroidal septa are also considered. (PMA)

The development of geothermal resources in California is becoming of increasing interest because of the large amounts of these resources in the state. In response to this interest in development, the legislature and regulatory bodies have taken actions to increase geothermal power production. The important federal and California laws on the subject are presented and discussed. Pertinent federal and state provisions are compared, and inconsistencies are discussed. An important concept that needs clarification is the manner of designating an area as a ''known geothermal resource area.'' The question of designating geothermal resource as a mineral is not completely resolved, although there is authority tending toward the finding that it is a mineral.

A new class of numerical algorithms for computer simulation of low frequency electromagnetic and electrostatic phenomena in magnetized plasma is presented. Maxwell's equations are solved in the limits of quasineutrality and negligible transverse displacement current (Darwin's model). Electrons are modeled as a fluid with polarization effects ignored. Ions are described as particles. A novel feature of these algorithms is the use of the electron fluid equation of motion to determine the electric field, which renders these numerical schemes remarkably simple and direct. The simulation plasma is either periodic or bounded by particle reflecting conducting walls. Both fully nonlinear codes with spatial grids and linearized gridless codes have been implemented.

Three high-pressure flow microreactors and two batch autoclave reactors have been used to study the reaction networks and kinetics of (1) catalytic hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes and (2) catalytic hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline, methyl-substituted quinolines, and carbazole. At the typical conditions of 300/sup 0/C and 104 atm, dibenzothiophene reacts to give H/sub 2/S and biphenyl in high yield, but there is some hydrogenation preceding desulfurization. Methyl-substituted dibenzothiophenes react similarly, and each reaction is first-order in the sulfur-containing compound. Two methyl groups near the sulfur atom (in the 4 and 6 positions) reduce the reactivity tenfold, whereas methyl groups in positions further removed from the sulfur atom increase reactivity about twofold. The results are consistent with steric and inductive effects influencing adsorption. The data indicate competitive adsorption among the sulfur-containing compounds. In quinoline hydrodenitrogenation, both rings are saturated before the C-N bond is broken. Similarly, in acridine conversion, a large amount of hydrogenation precedes nitrogen removal. Breaking of the carbon-nitrogen bond is evidently one of the slower reactions in the network. The Ni-Mo catalyst is about twice as active as the Co-Mo catalyst for ring hydrogenation, and the two catalysts are about equally active for breaking the carbon-nitrogen bond. Reactivity …

This paper reviews the current state of the art for measuring liquid metal densities. Conventional high precision techniques for use below 2000K as well as new techniques for more extreme temperatures are addressed. Pertinent data, which have appeared since the last critical reviews, for elemental metals are discussed.

This document contains copies of viewgraphs discussed in a presentation made at the Fifth Annual Power Conference, August 29 to September 2, 1977. No text. 19 figures, 11 references.

The effectiveness of course-grained igneous rocks as shelters for burying radioactive waste can be assessed by determining the rock permeabilities at their in situ pressures and stresses. Analytical and numerical methods were used to solve differential equations of one-dimensional fluid flow through rocks with permeabilities from 10/sup 4/ to 1 nD. In these calculations, upstream and downstream reservoir volumes of 5, 50, and 500 cm/sup 3/ were used. The optimal size combinations of the two reservoirs were determined for measurements of permeability, stress, strain, acoustic velocity, and electrical conductivity on low-porosity, coarse-grained igneous rocks.

Vacuum pumping by freezing out or otherwise immobilizing the pumped gas is an old concept. In several plasma physics experiments for controlled fusion research, cryopumping has been used to provide clean, ultrahigh vacua. Present day fusion research devices, which rely almost universally upon neutral beams for heating, are high gas throughput systems, the pumping of which is best accomplished by cryopumping in the high mass-flow, moderate-to-high vacuum regime. Cryopumping systems have been developed for neutral beam injection systems on several fusion experiments (HVTS, TFTR) and are being developed for the overall pumping of a large, high-throughput mirror containment experiment (MFTF). In operation, these large cryopumps will require periodic defrosting, some schemes for which are discussed, along with other operational considerations. The development of cryopumps for fusion reactors is begun with the TFTR and MFTF systems. Likely paths for necessary further development for power-producing reactors are also discussed.

''Obfuscatory measurement'' is the practice, deliberate or not, of obscuring the true performance of a system through the use of misleading measures. Many of the traditional and widely used measures of computer system performance are obfuscatory: they measure the wrong things, the right things wrongly, or nothing at all. Several obfuscatory measures are considered; those aspects of the system they are thought to measure are contrasted with those that they actually measure; and alternative measures, which are more meaningful to the user community, are suggested. 3 figures, 1 table.

This document contains information on (1) the hydraulic conductivity of salt; (2) the various types of naturally occurring salt solution collapse features, and (3) the rate of formation of solution cavities in salt. (LK)

Reports and articles on decommissioning have been reviewed to determine the current technology status and also attempt to identify potential decommissioning problem areas. It is concluded that technological road blocks, which limited decommissioning facilities in the past have been removed. In general, techniques developed by maintenance in maintaining the facility have been used to decommission facilities. Some of the more promising development underway which will further simplify decommissioning activities are: electrolytic decontamination which simplifies some decontaminating operations; arc saw and vacuum furnace which reduce the volume of metallic contaminated material by a factor of 10; remotely operated plasma torch which reduces personnel exposure; and shaped charges, water cannon and rock splitters which simplify concrete removal. Areas in which published data are limited are detailed costs identifying various components included in the total cost and also the quantity of waste generated during the decommissioning activities. With the increased awareness of decommissioning requirements as specified by licensing requirements, design criteria for new facilities are taking into consideration final decommissioning of buildings. Specific building design features will evolve as designs are evaluated and implemented.

The local environment surrounding Mound Laboratory was monitored for tritium and plutonium-238 released by Mound Laboratory. The results are reported for calendar year 1976. The environmental parameters analyzed included air, water, foodstuffs, and silt. The average concentrations of plutonium-238 and tritium were within the stringent standards for radioactive species adopted by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration. Data concerning nonradioactive species in air and water are also presented and compared to federal, state, and local standards, where applicable. Although there are no specific standards (RCG) for plutonium-238 and tritium in foodstuffs, the concentrations found, if compared to the water standard, are also a small fraction of the RCG. In addition, there is no evidence of other than minimal reentrainment of radioactive species from silt. Mound Laboratory has undertaken a comprehensive program to bring water supplies into compliance with new U.S. EPA drinking water standards which will be effective June 24, 1977. Mound Laboratory has been granted a National Pollutant Discharge Ellimination System permit. Analyses during 1976 indicate compliance with permit conditions. All results indicated that Mound effluent streams have no significant effect on the Great Miami River and certainly do not cause Ohio Stream Standards to be exceeded. These …

This is the Final Report under ERDA Contract. It presents the results of Phase I of a proposed three-phase effort.

The increasing demand for uranium as reactor fuel requires the addition of sizable new domestic reserves. One of the largest potential sources of low-grade uranium ore is the Chattanooga shale--a formation in Tennessee and neighboring states that has not been mined conventionally because it is expensive and environmentally disadvantageous to do so. An in situ process, on the other hand, might be used to extract uranium from this formation without the attendant problems of conventional mining. We have suggested developing such a process, in which fracturing, retorting, and pressure leaching might be used to extract the uranium. The potential advantages of such a process are that capital investment would be reduced, handling and disposing of the ore would be avoided, and leaching reagents would be self-generated from air and water. If successful, the cost reductions from these factors could make the uranium produced competitive with that from other sources, and substantially increase domestic reserves. A technical program to evaluate the processing problems has been outlined and a conceptual model of the extraction process has been developed. Preliminary cost estimates have been made, although it is recognized that their validity depends on how successfully the various processing steps are carried out. …

This report investigates the application of the Solar Total Energy System (STES) to the commercial sector (e.g., office buildings, shopping centers, retail stores, etc.) in the United States. Candidate solar thermal and solar photovoltaic concepts are considered for providing on-site electrical power generation as well as thermal energy for both heating and cooling applications. The solar thermal concepts include the use of solar concentrators (distributed or central receiver) for collection of the thermal energy for conversion to electricity by means of a Rankine cycle or Brayton cycle power conversion system. Recoverable waste heat from the power generation process is utilized to help meet the building thermal energy demand. Evaluation methodology is identified to allow ranking and/or selection of the most cost-effective concept for commercial building applications.