This Workshop was held concurrently with an IAEA Research Coordination Meeting on Exploration of the Possibility of High-LET Radiation for Non-conventional Radiotherapy in Cancer. The Workshop on Photon Activation Therapy (PAT) was given as a special session on April 18, as it was thoght PAT might eventually be found to be attractive to developing countries, which is a major concern of the IAEA. An effort was made to bring together representatives of the various groups known to be actively working on PAT; these included investigators from Sweden and Japan as well as the US. It is hoped that this compendium of papers will be of use to those currently active in this developing field, as well as to those who might join this area of endeavor in the future.

Experimental data concerning S = O dibaryon resonances are reviewed, with an emphasis on the nucleon-nucelon system. Structures observed in the ..gamma..d channel, the ..pi..d elastic scattering, pp ..-->.. ..pi..d channel, and other channels are discussed. Experimental data are compared with various theories. The short-range forces can be represented by dibaryon resonances. Further measurements to clarify the understanding of dibaryons are also discussed. 53 refs., 24 figs.

Plastic scintillators can be coupled to light fibers to make small, simple, and inexpensive x-ray detectors. These detectors have been developed for use at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) for the remote detection of x-rays. Light produced in the scintillator can be transmitted by the fiber for several hundred meters to a photodetector, which is usually a streak camera or a photomultiplier tube. The use of a streak camera allows many channels to be recorded simultaneously. A parameter study has been done to measure the sensitivity of these detectors as a function of scintillator geometry, type of scintillator, coupling geometry, and x-ray energy. The results can be qualitatively explained by simple geometric theory. A recent use of these detectors at NTS was the measurement of an x-ray spectrum. System performance for this measurement will be reviewed. 7 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

During the last year we re-configured the ATA injector to accommodate field emission cathodes. The injector is now run as a diode machine with a 7 cm radius cathode, an A-K gap of 12.9 cm and a field stress of 190 kV/cm. The advantage of using field emission cathodes is we have increased the injector brightness by a factor of ten above the level we were able to reach using the low density plasma cathodes.

This report concerns problems involved in recondensing first-wall materials vaporized by x rays and pellet debris in the Cascade inertial confinement fusion reactor. It examines three proposed first-wall materials, beryllium oxide (BeO), silicon carbide (SiO), and pyrolytic graphite (C), paying particular attention to the chemical equilibrium and kinetics of the vaporized gases. The major results of this study are as follows. Ceramic materials composed of diatomic molecules, such as BeO and SiC, exist as highly dissociated species after vaporization. The low gas density precludes significant recombination during times of interest (i.e., less than 0.1 s). The dissociated species (Be, O, Si, and C) are, except for carbon, quite volatile and are thermodynamically stable as a vapor under the high temperature and low density found in Cascade. These materials are thus unsuitable as first-wall materials. This difficulty is avoided with pyrolytic graphite. Since the condensation coefficient of monatomic carbon vapor (approx. 0.5) is greater than that of the polyatomic vapor (<0.1), recondensation is assisted by the expected high degree of dissociation. The proposed 10-layer granular carbon bed is sufficient to condense all the carbon vapor before it penetrates to the BeO layer below. The effective condensation coefficient of the porous bed …

Some sources of error in the original equation are discussed and possible corrections are suggested. (GHT)

There has recently been a substantial amount of research devoted to the development of short wavelength amplifiers and lasers. A number of experimental results have been published wherein the observation of significant gain has been claimed on transitions in the EUV and soft x-ray regimes. The present review is intended to discuss the main approaches to the creation of population inversions and laser media in the short wavelength regime, and hopefully aid workers in the field by helping to provide access to a growing literature. The approaches to pumping EUV and soft x-ray lasers are discussed according to inversion mechanism. The approaches may be divided into roughly seven categories, including collisional excitation pumping, recombination pumping, direct photoionization and photoexcitation pumping, metastable state storage plus optical pumping, charge exchange pumping, and finally, the extension of free electron laser techniques into the EUV and soft x-ray regimes. 250 references.

A method for computer simulation of radiographs has been added to the LLNL version of the solid modeler TIPS-1 (Technical Information Processing System-1). This new tool will enable an engineer to compare an actual radiograph of a solid to its computer-generated counterpart. The appearance of discrepancies between the two can be an indication of flaws in the solid object. Simulated radiographs can also be used to preview the placement of x-ray sources to focus on areas of concern before actual radiographs are made.

Solar flares are rather violent and extremely complicated phenomena, and it should be made clear at the outset that a physically complete picture describing all aspects of flares does not exist. From the wealth of data which is available, it is apparent that many different types of physical processes are involved during flares: energetic particle acceleration, rapid magnetohydrodynamic motion of complex field structures, magnetic reconnection, violent mass motion along magnetic field lines, and the heating of plasma to tens of millions of degrees, to name a few. The goal of this paper is to explore just one aspect of solar flares, namely, the interaction of hydrodynamics and radiation processes in fluid being rapidly heated along closed magnetic field lines. The models discussed are therefore necessarily restrictive, and will address only a few of the observed or observable phenomena. 46 refs., 6 figs.

A test needed to be set up to determine if it is possible, using different pressures and button spacings, to successfully flatten the uranium plates, and test the current CC design. To run the test a series of 12 plates was set up in a cryogenic bath with bellows at one end of the bath to apply pressure to the stack. Each plate was numbered for identification and this can be noted on figure one, and plate flatness data. To determine the flatness of each uranium plate before stacking a number of measurements were taken. These included: (1) overall dimensions of each plate; (2) thickness of each plate at different locations on the plate; (3) ultrasound thickness test; (4) dial gauge front contour; and (5) dial gauge back contour. The plates were stacked as indicated in figure 1. they were randomly oriented, and orientation of each is noted in figure 1. The Fermilab number will always be located on the front of the plate. the locations noted on figure 1 are the locations of the Fermi-number. The plates were compressed then flooded with liquid nitrogen. Compression using 20 PSI in the bellows. Gap measurements could now be taken. This was …

The lithium lens in the antiproton source target vault is protected by an interlock system, which is located in relay racks R5 and R6 near the southwest corner of the Target Hall (building APO). The interlock system consists of crates of commercial signal conditioner and alarm modules built by Acromag, Inc and interlock Master Modules built by Fermilab: Twenty analog signals from the lens/transformer, power supply, and cooling water system are buffered with signal conditioners (amplifiers), which are located in creates R5C and R5E. The signals and conditioner assignments are listed in Table 1. Interconnection details are shown in Figure 1. Thermocouple signals come into the conditioners directly from the vault or water system via 12-pair multiconductor thermocouple extension cables. All other signals pass through a master connection panel on the east end of rack R6. Water flow signals are AC voltages which must be converted by electronics in crate D2B to DC voltages before entering their signal conditioners. Each conditioner drives two parallel outputs. One output goes to a Multiplexed Analog to Digital Converter (MADC 25), which is located in R5D. This voltage output is read by the accelerator control network (ACNET) and can be displayed at any control …

The beam space charge (- for {bar p}'s) will attract positive ions. In the absence of additional fields (clearing electrodes, e.g.) these ions will be trapped in the beam potential well. The depth of this potential well has been calculated for some geometries relevant for the accumulator.

Intent of these guidelines is to provide design and design review teams of DOE nuclear facilities with human factors principles to enhance the design and aid in the inspection of DOE nuclear facilities, systems, and equipment. These guidelines are concerned with design features of DOE nuclear facilities which can potentially affect preventive and corrective maintenance of systems within DOE nuclear facilities. Maintenance includes inspecting, checking, troubleshooting, adjusting, replacing, repairing, and servicing activities. Other factors which influence maintainability such as repair and maintenance suport facilities, maintenance information, and various aspects of the environment are also addressed.

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A two-year study to describe an attractive tandem mirror reactor is in progress. The reactor, called Minimars, will produce 600 MW of net electrical power at a cost of less than 50 mills/kWh and will be inherently safe. The first year of the study has emphasized innovative concepts and trade studies that lead to good cost vs performance ratings. a set of baseline parameters and a preliminary engineering description of the machine have been generated, along with a first cost estimate. The second year of the study will develop the proposed concepts into an integrated point design and provide a ''bottoms-up'' cost estimate.

Axial tomography from digitized real time radiographs provides a useful tool for industrial radiography and tomography. The components of this system are: x-ray source, image intensifier, video camera, video line extractor and digitizer, data storage and reconstruction computers. With this system it is possible to view a two dimensional x-ray image in real time at each angle of rotation and select the tomography plane of interest by choosing which video line to digitize. The digitization of a video line requires less than a second making data acquisition relatively short. Further improvements on this system are planned and initial results are reported.

A series of tests have been performed to characterize the chemical stability of a DWPF borosilicate glass sample as part of the Waste Package Task of the NNWSI Project. This material was prepared at the Savannah River Laboratory for the purpose of testing the 165-frit matrix doped with a simulated non-radioactive waste. All tests were conducted at 90{sup 0}C using deionized water and J-13 water (a tuffaceous formation groundwater). In the deionized water tests, both monoliths and crushed glass were tested at various ratios of surface area of the sample to volume of water in order to compare leach rates for different sample geometries or leaching times. Effects on the leach rates due to the presence of crushed tuff and stainless steel material were also investigated in the tests with J-13 water. 4 references, 2 figures, 4 tables.

Here we make an estimation of the total power radiated from a positron trajectory through bending magnets, undulators, and wigglers. Placement of insertion devices is also described.