The Snap Ii Power Conversion System Topical Report No. 12. Boiler Development (open access)

The Snap Ii Power Conversion System Topical Report No. 12. Boiler Development

The SNAP II boilers which were designed are summarized. As shown by test results from the three boilers which were tested, a continuous progress in design was achieved. These designs were based on test data from both the SNAP I and SNAP II programs. As the quantity of data increased, physical models describing the heat transfer process were developed. These physical models provide the necessary correlation parameters which permit the extension of existing data to advanced design. Preliminary test sections were designed on the assumption that an allvapor nmodel which ignores the presence of the liquid phase during forced convection boiling could be used to describe the process quantitatively. The conventional Dittus-Boelter equation was applied with the increase in the vapor flow along the tube being ascribed to liquid evaporation. The assumption led to a design that fell short by about an order of magnitude since the exit qualities were only in the range of 10%, far less than required for complete vaporization. As a result, a revision in the concept of the mechanics of boiling was found necessary and a theoretical analysis was formulated, based on a dry wall'' or dropwise'' type boiling phenomenon. The test results of the …
Date: July 17, 1961
Creator: Gido, R. G.; Koestel, A.; Haller, H. C.; Huber, D. D. & Deibel, D. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
New Solutions of the Boltzmann Equation for Monoenergetic Neutron Transport in Spherical Geometry (open access)

New Solutions of the Boltzmann Equation for Monoenergetic Neutron Transport in Spherical Geometry

Solutions of the Boltzmann equation for monoenergetic neutron transport in spherical geometry are derived which are respectively singular and regular at the center of the sphere. A few specific partial singular solutions are presented. The regular solutions in spherical geometry are constructed by superposition of solutions in plane geometry which belong to the same k. Finally, the solutions are compared with their representations by a series of spherical harmonics. (D. L.C.)
Date: November 17, 1961
Creator: Kofink, W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts (open access)

NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts

The primary objective of the project is to examine the relations between the catalytic and magnetic properties of the copper-cobalt higher alcohol synthesis catalysts. We have undertaken to investigate the magnetic character by studying the Nuclear Quadrupole resonance of copper and (Zerofield) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of cobalt in copper cobalt catalysts.
Date: December 17, 1991
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analytical Chemistry of the Polyphosphates (open access)

Analytical Chemistry of the Polyphosphates

Additional data were obtained on the separation of linear polymers from cyclic polymers by precipitation with barium chloride. An unexpected peak was observed in the anion-exchange chromatography of a sodium poly-phosphate of n-bar average degree of polymerization) = 6, and the compound represented by this peak was isolated. An end-group titration of this compound by microtechnique proved unequivocally that it is a cyclic phosphate. Although the identification (number of phosphorus atoms per molecule) is not completed, evidence from its position in the elution graph by ion-exchange chromatography' and from paper chromatography indicate that it is probable pentametaphosphate, Na/sub 5/P/sub 5/O/sub 15/, or the boat form of tetrametaphosphate, Na/sub 4/P/sub 4/O/sub 12/. (P.C.H.)
Date: October 17, 1961
Creator: Rieman, W., III & Rothbart, H. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AN IBM 7090 FORTRAN PROGRAM FOR ASME UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATION (open access)

AN IBM 7090 FORTRAN PROGRAM FOR ASME UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATION

An IBM 7090 FORTRAN program was written for the preliminary design and cost estimation of unfired pressure vessels with or without a jacket. Both vessel and jacket designs conform to the 1959 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels. Vessels and jackets from 5 in. pipe through 84 in. o.d. and 1/4 in. through 1 1/2 in. in metal thickness may be designed by this program as written. Total vessel cost is the sum of metal and fabrication costs, each on a weight basis. (auth)
Date: October 17, 1962
Creator: Prince, C. E. & Milford, R. P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENTS OF REACTIVITY 5532.3 EFPH. CORE I, SEED 1. Test Results (T-550132). Section 1 (open access)

DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENTS OF REACTIVITY 5532.3 EFPH. CORE I, SEED 1. Test Results (T-550132). Section 1

None
Date: October 17, 1960
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Access control system for ISABELLE (open access)

Access control system for ISABELLE

An access system based on the one now in operation at the CERN ISR is recommended. Access doors would presumably be located at the entrances to the utility tunnels connecting the support buildings with the ring. Persons requesting access would insert an identity card into a scanner to activate the system. The request would be autologged, the keybank adjacent to the door would be unlocked and ISABELLE operations would be notified. The operator would then select the door, activating a TV-audio link. The person requesting entry would draw a key from the bank, show it and his film badge to the operator who would enable the door release.
Date: August 17, 1977
Creator: Potter, K. & Littenberg, L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Isotope applications in the environmental field (open access)

Isotope applications in the environmental field

Established uses of enriched isotopes in the environmental field were surveyed to determine future trends in isotope needs. Based on established isotope uses, on the projected increase in the pollution problem, and on the apparent social and economic pressure for pollution abatement, a significant demand for enriched isotopes appears to be developing for the assessment and control of air, water, and soil pollutants. Isotopic techniques will be used in combination with conventional methods of detection and measurement, such as gas chromatography, x-ray fluorescence, and atomic absorption. Recent advances in economical isotope separation methods, instrumentation, and methodology promise to place isotopic technology within the reach of most research and industrial institutions. Increased application of isotope techniques appears most likely to occur in areas where data are needed to characterize the movement, behavior, and fate of pollutants in the environment.
Date: February 17, 1978
Creator: DeWitt, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Prototype photon position monitors for undulator beams at the Advanced Light Source (open access)

Prototype photon position monitors for undulator beams at the Advanced Light Source

Design criteria are described, and test results are presented, for prototype ALS undulator beam position monitors. The design is based on monitors presently in use at NSLS, with modifications to account for the widely varying and large K values of the undulators to be installed at the ALS. In particular, we have modified the design to simplify the thermal engineering and we have explored techniques to suppress the response of the monitors to soft photons, so that the beam position can be determined by measuring the higher energy photons which are better collimated. 4 refs., 8 figs.
Date: October 17, 1990
Creator: Warwick, T.; Shu, D. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)); Rodricks, B. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)) & Johnson, E.D. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermally Induced Structural Changes in Coal Combustion (open access)

Thermally Induced Structural Changes in Coal Combustion

The effect of particle shape on char burnout is investigated in the limit of shrinking core combustion. As a first step, the particle temperature is assumed to proceed in the shrinking core regime and under conditions of negligible Stefan flow. The problem then reduces to calculating the oxygen concentration field around a non-spherical particle with the oxidation reaction taking place on the external surface. This problem has been addressed by an analytical technique and a numerical technique. An analytical technique known as domain perturbation'' was used to examine the change due to reaction in the shape of a slightly nonspherical, but axisymmetric, particle. It was found that the aspect ratio always increases with conversion, i.e., the particle becomes less spherical. A numerical technique, based on the boundary integral'' method was developed to handle the case of an axisymmetric particle with otherwise arbitrary shape. Numerical results are presented which again show the aspect ratio to increase with conversion. 8 refs.
Date: January 17, 1990
Creator: Gavalas, G. R. & Flagan, R. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceptable TRU packaging for interim storage and/or terminal isolation: FY-1977 final report (open access)

Acceptable TRU packaging for interim storage and/or terminal isolation: FY-1977 final report

A program was conducted for the definition and demonstration of acceptable waste packages for defense transuranic waste for interim storage and terminal isolation. During FY-1977, a Contractor Questionnaire was used to gather pertinent data and to assess contractor concerns. This information was integrated into basic application data in the form of a checklist. Conceptual Container Design Specifications were developed by analyzing and evaluating the application data against Federal Regulations and interim/terminal storage constraints.
Date: February 17, 1978
Creator: Doty, J.W. & Peterson, J.B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Optical components for the Nova laser (open access)

Optical components for the Nova laser

In addition to its other characteristics, the Nova Laser Fusion facility may well be the largest precision optical project ever undertaken. Moreover, during the course of construction, concurrent research and development has been successfully conducted, and has resulted in significant advances in various technical areas, including manufacturing efficiency. Although assembly of the first two beams of Nova is just commencing, the optical production, including construction of the special facilities required for many of the components, has been underway for over three years, and many phases of the optical manufacturing program for the first 10 beams will be completed within the next two years. On the other hand, new requirements for second and third harmonic generation have created the need to initiate new research and development. This work has been accomplished through the enormous cooperation DOE/LLNL has received from commercial industry on this project. In many cases, industry, where much of the optical component research and development and virtually all of the manufacturing is being done, has made substantial investment of its own funds in facilities, equipment, and research and development, in addition to those supplied by DOE/LLNL.
Date: May 17, 1982
Creator: Wallerstein, E.P.; Baker, P.C. & Brown, N.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laser neutralization (open access)

Laser neutralization

Laser photodetachment of the excess electron to neutralize relativistic ions offers many advantages over the more conventional collisional methods using gases or thin foils as the neutralization agents. Probably the two most important advantages of laser photodetachment are the generation of a compact and low divergence beam, and the production of intense neutral beams at very high efficiency (approximately 90%). The high intensities or high current densities of the neutral beam result from the fixed maximum divergence that can be added to the beam by photodetachment of the charge using laser intensity of fixed wavelength and incident angle. The high neutralization efficiency is possible because there is no theoretical maximum to the neutralization efficiency, although higher efficiencies require higher laser powers and, therefore, costs. Additional advantages include focusability of the laser light onto the ion beam to maximize its efficacy. There certainly is no residual gas left in the particle beam path as is typical with gas neutralizers. The photodetachment process leaves the neutral atoms in the ground state so there is no excited state fluorescence to interfere with the subsequent beam sensing. Finally, since the beams to be neutralized are very high powered, for a large range of neutralization …
Date: June 17, 1986
Creator: Peterson, O.G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
THE CYCLOTRON RESONANCE INSTABILITY WITH NEGATIVE MASS IONS (open access)

THE CYCLOTRON RESONANCE INSTABILITY WITH NEGATIVE MASS IONS

Both the effect of resonant coupling of ion cyclotron motion to electron plasma oscillations, as previously discussed by Harris, and the effect of a negative radial gradient in a magnetic mirror field, the so-called "negative mass'' effect, were combined in an approximate calculation for the threshold for electrostatic instability in DCX. The two mechanisms for instability were found to act more or less independently. (auth)
Date: October 17, 1961
Creator: Fowler, T.K. & Harris, E.G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Periodic Waste Disposal System Material Balance Test. Core I, Seed 1. Test Results (T-641317). Section 3 (open access)

Periodic Waste Disposal System Material Balance Test. Core I, Seed 1. Test Results (T-641317). Section 3

An investigation was conducted to determine the adequacy of storage capacity and operating procedures of the waste disposal system during reactor cooldown for refueling. It was found that the waste storage capacity and the operating procedures were adequate. (J.R.D.)
Date: October 17, 1960
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
OPTIMUM FILL VOLUMES IN POT CALCINATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES (open access)

OPTIMUM FILL VOLUMES IN POT CALCINATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES

The 15,000 MW nuclear economy assumed for the long range study of pot calcination costs reported earlier was used as a basis for calculating optimum fill volumes. An algebraic expression was developed for cost as a functmon of the normalized radius of the central void space in a partially filled vessel. Minima of this expression were found for acmdmc and neutralized wastes in 6, 12, and 24in.-diameter vessels. Optimum fill volumes decreased as vessel diameter increased, varying for acidic wastes from 99.8% for 6-in.-diameter vessels to 92.5% for 24-in.diameter vessels. Decreases in costs by using optimum fill volumes instead of the 90% fill volume assumed for all cases in the long range study were small, the largest being an 8% decrease for neutralized wastes in 6- in.-diameter vessels. (auth)
Date: November 17, 1961
Creator: Perona, J.J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
METALLURGY DIVISION ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD ENDING MAY 31, 1961 (open access)

METALLURGY DIVISION ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD ENDING MAY 31, 1961

>Fundamental Alloying. Studies of crystal structures, reactions at metal surfaces, spectroscopy of molten salts, mechanical deformation, and alloy theory are reported. Long-Range Applied Metallurgy. A thermal comparator is described and the characteristic temperature of U0/sub 2/ determined. Sintering studies were carried out on ThO/sub 2/. The diffusion of fission products in fuel and of Al/sup 26/ and Mn/sup 54/ in Al and the reaction of Be with UC were studied. Transformation and oxidation data were obtained for a number of Zr alloys. Reactor Metallurgy. A large number of ceramic technology projects are described. Some corrosion data are given for metals exposed to impure He and molten fluorides. Studies were made of the fission-gas-retention Properties of ceramic fuel bodies. A large number of materials compatibility studies are described. The mechanical properties of some reactor materials were studied. Fabrication work was conducted to develop materials for application in low-, medium-, and high-temperature reactors or systems. A large number of new metallographic and nondestructive testing techniques are reported. Studies were carried out on the oxidation, carburization, and stability of alloys. Equipment for postirradiation examination is described. Preparation of some alloys and dispersion fuels by powder metallurgy methods was studied. The development of welding …
Date: August 17, 1961
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced development of a pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized-bed coal gasification system. Fourth quarter progress report, July 1-September 30, 1982 (open access)

Advanced development of a pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized-bed coal gasification system. Fourth quarter progress report, July 1-September 30, 1982

The overall objective of the Westinghouse coal gasification program is to demonstrate the viability of the Westinghouse pressurized, fluidized bed, gasification system for the production of medium-Btu fuel gas for syngas, electrical power generation, chemical feedstocks, or industrial fuels and to obtain performance and scaleup data for the process and hardware. Technical progress summaries and reports are presented for the following tasks: (1) process development unit (PDU) test operations and results (gasifier test TP-033-1 and maintenance and modifications); (2) process analysis (environmental characterization results, coal gas combustion results, and fines elutriation and consumption results); (3) cold flow scaleup (modifications and maintenance, operations, and data analysis); (4) process and component engineering and design (hot fines recycle modifications, and hot recycled fines); (5) laboratory support studies (gas-solids flow modeling and coal/ash behavior). 23 figures, 23 tables.
Date: February 17, 1983
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Experiment Facilities of the Oak Ridge Graphite Reactor (open access)

Experiment Facilities of the Oak Ridge Graphite Reactor

Up-to-date descriptive material and dimensional sketches of the ORNL Graphite Reactor and its experimental facilities are presented. (P.C.H.)
Date: August 17, 1962
Creator: Sheppard, S. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Auger study of surface carbon and oxygen on thorium following ion bombardment (open access)

Auger study of surface carbon and oxygen on thorium following ion bombardment

The composition of a thorium metal surface has been monitored using Auger electron spectroscopy following Ar/sup +/ bombardment at different temperatures. After extended Ar/sup +/ bombardment, enough contaminated overlayers were removed to expose a surface region containing only thorium, bulk impurities, and imbedded argon. The main impurities, carbon and oxygen, differed in their behavior when the sample was annealed following bombardment. The amount of surface carbon either increased or remained constant during annealing depending upon the temperature of the sample during bombardment. The amount of surface oxygen decreased rapidly when the sample was heated above 500/sup 0/C regardless of the sample temperature during bombardment. These experiments indicate that preparation of clean, annealed thorium surfaces requires ion bombardment at temperatures > or = 400/sup 0/C.
Date: November 17, 1977
Creator: Bastasz, R. & Colmenares, C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potential effects of geothermal energy conversion on Imperial Valley ecosystems. [Seven workshop presentations] (open access)

Potential effects of geothermal energy conversion on Imperial Valley ecosystems. [Seven workshop presentations]

This workshop on potential effcts of geothermal energy conversion on the ecology of Imperial Valley brought together personnel of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and many collaborators under the sponsorship of the ERDA Imperial Valley Environmental Project (IVEP). The LLL Integrated Assessment Team identified the electric power potential and its associated effluents, discharges, subsidence, water requirements, land use, and noise. The Working Groups addressed the ecological problems. Water resource management problems include forces on water use, irrigation methods and water use for crops, water production, and water allocation. Agricultural problems are the contamination of edible crops and the reclamation of soil. A strategy is discussed for predevelopment baseline data and for identification of source term tracers. Wildlife resources might be threatened by habitat destruction, powerline impacts, noise and disturbance effects, gas emissions, and secondary impacts such as population pressure. Aquatic ecosystems in both the Salton Sea and fresh waters have potential hazards of salinity and trace metal effects, as well as existing stresses; baseline and bioassay studies are discussed. Problems from air pollution resulting from geothermal resource development might occur, particularly to vegetation and pollinator insects. Conversion of injury data to predicted economic damage isneeded. Finally, Imperial Valley desert ecosystems might be …
Date: December 17, 1976
Creator: Shinn, J.H. (ed.)
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Summary of beryllium specifications (open access)

Summary of beryllium specifications

This report summarizes and compares the main beryllium properties included in producer, Department of Energy (formerly ERDA) facility, and government specifications. These data are tabulated in a sequence established primarily by increasing purity and secondarily by increasing tensile properties. Comments on formability and weldability are also included.
Date: February 17, 1978
Creator: Corle, R. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Plasma channel optical-pumping device and method (open access)

Plasma channel optical-pumping device and method

A device and method are described for optically pumping a gaseous laser using blackbody radiation produced by a plasma channel which is formed from an electrical discharge between two electrodes spaced at opposite longitudinal ends of the laser. A preionization device which can comprise a laser or electron beam accelerator produces a preionization beam which is sufficient to cause an elctrical discharge between the electrodes to initiate the plasma channel along the preionization path. The optical pumping energy is supplied by a high voltage power supply rather than by the preionization beam. High output optical intensities are produced by the laser due to the high temperature black-body radiation produced by the plasma channel, in the same manner as an exploding wire type laser. However, unlike the exploding wire type laser, the disclosed invention can be operated in a repetitive manner by utilizing a repetitive pulsed preionization device.
Date: July 17, 1981
Creator: Judd, O.P.
Object Type: Patent
System: The UNT Digital Library
Models for Type I supernovae (open access)

Models for Type I supernovae

Two rather disjoint scenarios for Type I supernovae are presented. One is based upon mass accretion by a white dwarf in a binary system. The second involves a star having some 8 to 10 times the mass of the sun which may or may not be a solitary star. Despite the apparent dissimilarities in the models it may be that each occurs to some extent in nature for they both share the possibility of producing substantial quantities of /sup 56/Ni and explosions in stars devoid of hydrogen envelopes. These are believed to be two properties that must be shared by any viable Type I model.
Date: June 17, 1980
Creator: Woosley, S. E.; Weaver, T. A. & Taam, R. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library