The price allocation guidelines (PAG) are an integrated set of specific cost targets for several task areas within the Low-cost Solar Array (LSA) Project. PAG is a working tool of LSA Project management designed to provide consistent and meaningful guidelines for costs of polycrystalline silicon material, sheet, cells, encapsulants, and module manufacturing. It is expected that advanced photovoltaic concepts derived from industry and the research community can be developed so that it will be possible by the end of 1982 to demonstrate production processes, all process steps, and prototype equipment required to manufacture flat-plate photovoltaic modules. This demonstration would incorporate production rates and product quality consistent with a specific market price determined by the program. This stage of development has been referred to as Technical Readiness. A goal of $0.70 per peak watt (1980 dollars) has been established for the cost of electricity generated by photovoltaic modules. The processes for producing modules demonstrated to be technically ready must be amenable to scale-up so that this price goal can eventually be achieved in the marketplace. The guidelines described in this document allocate portions of that goal to each module component. Sheet materials derived from the following five technologies are considered: Czochralski, …

Picosecond x-ray measurements relevant to the Livermore Laser Fusion Program are reviewed. Resolved to 15 picoseconds, streak camera detection capabilities extend from 100 eV to higher than 30 keV, with synchronous capabilities in the visible, near infrared, and ultraviolet. Capabilities include automated data retrieval using charge coupled devices (CCD's), absolute x-ray intensity levels, novel cathodes, x-ray mirror/reflector combinations, and a variety of x-ray imaging devices.

A simple code is described that finds marginally stable (..omega../sup 2/ = 0) ballooning-type MHD modes, localized about a field line in an axisymmetric, open-ended, plasma confinement device. The equations are based on a lower bound for the perturbed energy delta W, derived by W. Newcomb from the ideal MHD energy principle, and are cast in the form of a Ricatti equation for the first derivative of the eigenfunction, with the open boundary conditions that this derivative vanish at the plasma boundary down each field line. The input to the code is the two-dimensional shape of a field line, the field strength B(s), and parameters to define pressure profiles throughout the system. The objective is to find the highest plasma pressures for which the given line is MHD-stable.

Progress during this report period was marked by the initial operation of the Process Development Unit at about 50% of design capacity with indications that many aspects of the facility operated satisfactorily. However, a downstream constriction, the cause of which is being isolated, led to termination of the run after one-half hour of operation. In the light of observations made during earlier start-up efforts, several modifications of equipment and technique were made for improved operation. Vacuum outgassing experiments (850 to 1100/sup 0/C, 1 to 256 h) were carried out on miniplant-produced granules containing 360 and 3900 ppMw of zinc in the deposited silicon. Treatment of the data so that it can be extrapolated to the expected product of the Experimental Process System Development Unit awaits development of an appropriate model.

Investigating the temporal evolution of reversed-field equilibrium caused by transport processes requires the solution of the Grad-Shafranov equation and computation of field-line-averaged quantities. The technique for field-line averaging and the computation of the Grad-Shafranov equation are presented. Application of Green's function to specify the Grad-Shafranov equation boundary condition is discussed. Hill's vortex formulas used to verify certain computations are detailed. Use of computer software to implement computational methods is described.

Investigating the temporal evolution of reversed-field equilibrium caused by transport processes requires the solution of the Grad-Shafranov equation and computation of field-line-averaged quantities. The technique for field-line averaging and the computation of the Grad-Shafranov equation are presented. Application of Green's function to specify the Grad-Shafranov equation boundary condition is discussed. Hill's vortex formulas used to verify certain computations are detailed. Use of computer software to implement computational methods is described.

The capabilities of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's Calibration and Standards Facility are delineated. The facility's ability to provide radiation fields and measurements for a variety of radiation safety applications and the available radiation measurement equipment are described. The need for national laboratory calibration labs to maintain traceability to a national standard are discussed as well as the areas where improved standards and standardization techniques are needed.

Research progress is reported in the following areas: (1) the delineation of the boundary separating elastic-brittle and transient-1 semibrittle behavior of granite and of its volcanic and metamorphic equivalents, rhyolite and granite gneiss; (2) the variation of fracture permeability in Sioux Quartzite, Westerly Granite and a fine-1 grained gabbro as a function of effective pressure and hydrothermal alterations; and (3) determine the mechanical properties of selected rocks at high temperatures and pressures. (ACR)

Progress reports are presented for the following areas of study: spent fuel characterization equipment; spent fuel characterization; and spent fuel/package performance. Some of the highlights are: calorimetry was performed on spent fuel assemblies D15 and D22 which were destined for packaging and emplaced into the Climax-Spent Fuel Test (C-SFT); review and analysis of the destructive examination data on five fuel rods pulled from the C-SFT assemblies is continuing; under the disposal condition loads assumed in the structural analyses. The spent fuel cladding has very high mechanical integrity; a program plan to develop a spent fuel data base and predict the in-respository performance of spent fuel is being prepared; documentation was completed describing the test capsule hardware, specimens, safety analysis, and as-built assembly for the Climax-Materials Interaction Test; gamma dose calculations for 30 spent fuel canister filler materials were completed and documented; in support of the stabilizer material screening effort, all preliminary interaction, cost, and availability evaluations were completed; detailed planning for temperature limit, fill process, and prebreach disposal condition compatibility testing was completed.

Progress reports are presented for the following areas of investigation: spent fuel characterization equipment; spent fuel characterization; and spent fuel/package performance. The following are some of the accomplishments. The Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) compilation of calorimetry design and operational information was reviewed by HEDL and returned to PNL for revision incorporating comments. Analysis of data and preparation of final documentation on the destructive examination of spent fuel rods from assemblies used in the Climax - Spent Fuel Test continued. A final loading basis representing seismic and transportation events was established for input to the structural models. The resultant stress histories were applied to cladding fatigue-fracture models. Results show high cladding integrity under the applied loading. The study, A Perspective on Fission Gas Release From Spent Fuel Rods During Geologic Disposal, was completed. Verification documentation was completed for the STAFF-5 heat transfer-fluid flow-stress model of a spent LWR fuel assembly for storage/disposal configurations. Nondestructive examination of the rods removed from whole rod Test No. 1 at 510/sup 0/C and Test No. 2b at 571/sup 0/C was completed. The program plan for testing spent fuel degradation mechanisms was completed. the initial work scope for the alternate Waste Form Assessment was formulated. In …

Research on the technical and economic feasibility of producing solar-cell-quality sheet silicon by coating inexpensive ceramic substrates with a thin layer of polycrystalline silicon is reported. The coating methods to be developed are directed toward a minimum-cost process for producing solar cells with a terrestrial conversion efficiency of 11 percent or greater. By applying a graphite coating to one face of a ceramic substrate, molten silicon can be caused to wet only that graphite-coated face and produce uniform thin layers of large-grain polycrystalline silicon; thus, only a minimal quantity of silicon is consumed. A variety of ceramic materials have been dip coated with silicon. The investigation has shown that mullite substrates containing an excess of SiO/sub 2/ best match the thermal expansion coefficient of silicon and hence produce the best SOC layers. With such substrates, smooth and uniform silicon layers 25 cm/sup 2/ in area have been achieved with single-crystal grains as large as 4 mm in width and several cm in length. Crystal length is limited by the length of the substrate. The thickness of the coating and the size of the crystalline grains are controlled by the temperature of the melt and the rate at which the substrate …

This document is a progress report on the Load Combination Program (LCP) covering the period April 1, 1980 through June 30, 1980. The report gives a general description of the program by project and tasks, together with financial summaries, technical reports generated, and meeting attendance. Two appendixes which discuss technical subjects are also included. 13 figs.

The following are included: the design process, construction, thermal performance, horticulture, educational activities, and future plans. Included in appendices are: greenhouse blueprints, insulating curtain details, workshop schedules, sample data forms, summary of performance calculations on the Urban Options Solar Greenhouse, data on vegetable production, publications, news articles on th Solar Greenhouse Project, and the financial statement. (MHR)

Objective is to design synthesize, and evaluate cyclic and polycyclic host organic compounds for their abilities to complex and lipophilize guest metal ions, their complexes, and their clusters. Host organic compounds consist of strategically placed solvating, coordinating, and ion-pairing sites tied together by covalent bonds through hydrocarbon units around cavities shaped to be occupied by guest metal ions or by metal ions plus their ligands. Specificity in complexation is sought by matching the following properties of host and guest: cavity and metal ion sizes; geometric arrangements of binding sites; number of binding sites; character of binding sites; and valences. During this period, hemispherands based on an aryloxy or cyclic urea unit, spherands based on aryloxyl units only, and their complexes with alkali metals and alkaline earths were investigated. An attempt to separate /sup 6/Li and /sup 7/Li by gel permeation chromatography of lithiospherium chloride failed. (DLC)

Five experimental runs were conducted in the newly constructed trickle-bed reactor. The experiments were designed to obtain data on zoned catalyst beds. This new reactor system demonstrated satisfactory performance in temperature, pressure and flow control. High desulfurization and denitrogenation were achieved on both catalysts tested at conditions of 815F, 1500 psig. These catalysts were a CoMo/Al and NiMo/Al. Zoned bed of 50-50 volume percent of the two catalysts tested revealed no advantages with respect to desulfurization, denitrogenation and activity decay. The level of nitrogen removal was initially high, but activity decay was significant over the operational interval of 100 hours. Two experimental runs were completed in the Catalyst Life Test Unit (CLTU) utilizing a liquid containing 50% Synthoil and 50% Raw Anthracene Oil. This fluid has a 0.54 weight percent sulfur and a 1.21 weight percent nitrogen. The catalyst used in this study was a Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (Shell 324). The objective of the experiments was to demonstrate the effect of diluting the catalyst bed with a small size inert particle to improve gas-liquid contact and reduce channeling. No difference could be distinguished between the use of particle sizes in the range of 0.25 to 1.00 mm diameter. One run …

Construction of the new trickle-bed reactor was completed and one experiment was conducted. The experimental run was made using a Pamco coal-derived liquid containing 0.40% sulfur and 0.95% nitrogen. The catalyst utilized was an American Cyanamide HDN-30, Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Run conditions were at 399C (750F), 1500 psig and space times up to two hours. Sample analyses are not yet available from this experiment. Two runs were completed in the Catalyst Life Test Unit (CLTU) utilizing a liquid containing 50% Synthoil and 50% Raw Anthracene oil. This fluid has a 0.54% sulfur and 1.21% nitrogen. Two Ni-MoAl/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts were used - Shell-324, and H-Oil. Both experiments were terminated prematurely because of equipment malfunction. Sample analyses are not yet available from these two experiments.

The theoretical propagation of short (150-ps) laser pulses in a one-atmosphere CO/sub 2/ amplifier is investigated using a fully coherent density-matrix computer code. The influence of coherent effects and of the response times of the amplifying medium on the temporal shape of the output pulse is examined. It is found that short pulses, whose width is approximately equal to the T/sub 2/ time of the medium, can be effectively amplified.

An analysis is made of the rules implementing Sections 201 and 210 of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA). The act provides that utilities must purchase power from qualifying producers of electricity at nondiscriminatory rates, and it exempts private generators from virtually all state and Federal utility regulations. Most of the analysis presented is taken from the perspective of photovoltaics (PV) and solar thermal electric point-focusing distributed receivers (pfdr). It is felt, however, that the analysis is applicable both to cogeneration and other emerging technologies. Chapters presented are: The FERC Response to Oral Comments on the Proposed Rules Implementing Sections 201 and 210 of PURPA; Additional Changes Made or Not Made That Were Addressed in Other Than Oral Testimony; View on the Proposed Rules Implementing Sections 201 and 210 of PURPA; Response to Comments on the Proposed 201 and 210 Rules; and Summary Analysis of the Environmental Assessment of the Rules. Pertinent reference material is provided in the Appendices, including the text of the rules. (MCW)

To understand the evolution of giant stars, it is important to pin down the masses for Cepheids. The 7- to 10-day bump Cepheids imply lower than evolutionary mass (60%). Recent theoretical work, though, indicates that for Cepheids with periods of 15 to 16 days, the best understanding of the light curves results from using evolutionary masses.

Silicon dendritic web is a ribbon form of silicon produced from the melt without die shaping, and capable of fabrication into solar cells with greater than 15% AM1 conversion efficiency. This quarterly report describes the work carried out during the period April to June 1980, as part of Phase III of a DOE/JPL-sponsored effort to develop silicon web process technology compatible with the national goals for low cost photovoltaic output power. We have successfully demonstrated eight hours of silicon web growth with closed loop melt level control, a key contract milestone. The result was achieved using a feedback system in which the change in output from a laser melt level sensor was used to control the rate at which silicon pellets were fed to replace the material frozen into web crystal. The melt level was controlled to about +- 0.1mm, well within the range required for stable long term web growth. This is an important step toward the development of a fully automated silicon web growth machine. A second major highlight of this quarter was the completion of an engineering design for a semi-automated web growth machine embodying all the desired features developed so far as part of this program …

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Potential ridges, now identified as the locus of breakdown of approximate separability of coordinates, require a special physico-mathematical treatment the initial phase of which has now been completed. The role of a potential ridge in separating the pair of exit channels of lower-energy two-electron excitations is circumscribed and hence accessible to numerical calculations; it has thus been studied in some detail for earth-alkaline-like configurations and for He/sup -/. Quantum defect theory approaches have been extended to molecular predissociation and to the study of Stark effect wave-functions; these extensions have now proved so far from the origins of the approach that a new name and description would be more appropriate.

The development of standardized techniques for the comparative evaluation of electric vehicle battery technologies is summarized. The methodology considers both the traditional measures of battery performance (energy density, energy storage costs, and cycle life) and the equally important usage related battery characteristics (probability of technical success, operating and maintenance parameters, and safety/environmental impact). This comparative rationale is supplemented by the ability to generate battery test programs normalized to specific technologies and electric vehicle mission specifications. These test programs allow the evaluation of different battery technologies at comparable levels of electric vehicle performance. It was found that cost optimized electric passenger vehicles will have range specifications of 100 to 110 KM, depending on the specific performance of the battery. Longer range vehicles are penalized by higher first costs while shorter range vehicles suffer from reduced battery life and the need for more frequent alternative car rentals (presumably petroleum fueled) for trips which exceed the EV's range capability.

This report presents overall requirements on underground mining systems suitable for coal seams exploitable in the year 2000, with particular relevance to the resources of Central Appalachia. These requirements may be summarized as follows: (1) Production Cost: demonstrate a return on incremental investment of 1.5 to 2.5 times the value required by a low-risk capital project. (2) Miner Safety: achieve at least a 50% reduction in deaths and disabling injuries per million man-hours. (3) Miner Health: meet the intent of all applicable regulations, with particular attention to coal dust, carcinogens, and mutagens; and with continued emphasis on acceptable levels of noise and vibration, lighting, humidity and temperature, and adequate work space. (4) Environmental Impact: maintain the value of mined and adjacent lands at the pre-mining value following reclamation; mitigation of off-site impacts should not cost more than the procedures used in contemporary mining. (5) Coal Conservation: the recovery of coal from the seam being mined should be at least as good as the best available contemporary technology operating in comparable conditions. No significant trade-offs between production cost and other performance indices were found.