Clearing of electrons in the vicinity of the axis of a proton beam in the dipoles of a separated function AG-focusing structure is accomplished by transverse crossed-field drift due to the magnetic dipole field and a weak longitudinal electric field. This electric field is generated by potential differences caused by cross section variations of the beam due to variations of the ..beta..-functions and dispersion. The resulting radial drift brings the electrons into the off-axis region where they are driven out of the magnets by the usual longitudinal cross-field drift caused by the radial space charge field. The neutralization in ISABELLE is then a factor 20 below former estimates, and transverse stability can be obtained by chromaticity adjustments well within the design strengths of the sextupole correction windings.

Research was conducted on photosensitizers for the norbornadiene to quadricyclene conversion.

The effort included the design, fabrication and Systems Verification Testing of the Deep Drilling System. The Systems Verification Test was conducted during October 1978 in a test well located on the premises of Brown Oil Tools Inc., Houston, Texas. In general, the Systems Verification test program was an unqualified success. All of the system elements of the Deep Drilling System were exercised and evaluated and in every instance the system can be declared ready for operational well demonstration. The motor/bit shaft combination operated very well and seal performance exceeds the design goals. The rig floor system performed better than expected. The power cable flexural characteristics are much better than anticipated and longitudinal stability is excellent. The prototype production connectors have functioned without failure. The cable reels and drive skid have also worked very well during the test program. The redesigned and expanded instrumentation subsystem also functioned very well. Some electronic component malfunctions were experienced during the early test stages, but they were isolated quickly and repaired. Subsequent downhole instrumentation deployments were successfully executed and downhole data was displayed both in the Electrodril instrumentation trailer and on the remote control and display unit.

An inexpensive boron-loaded liner of epoxy resin for fissile-material storage containers was developed that can be easily fabricated of readily available, low-cost materials. Computer calculations indicate reactivity will be reduced substantially if this neutron-absorbing liner is added to containers in a typical storage array. These calculations compare favorably with neutron-attenuation experiments with thermal and fission neutron spectra, and tests at the Fire Test Facility indicate the epoxy resin will survive extreme environmental and accident conditions. The fire-resistant and insulating properties of the epoxy-resin liner further augment its ability to protect fissile materials. Boron-loaded epoxy resin is adaptable to many tasks but is particularly useful for providing enhanced criticality safety in the packaging and storage of fissile materials.

Mechanical Technology Incorporated is developing a 1 KWe Free-Piston Stirling ENgine (FPSE) Power System. The plan for testing the demonstrator power system is presented. The test hardware is a Free-Piston Stirling Engine prime mover driving a linear alternator. The demonstrator system is basically a modular assembly. The modules are the reciprocating alternator section, engine section, heater head insulation package assembly, and the pressure vessel. The test objective is to demonstrate a system with greater than 30% overall efficiency at 1 KW, 45 hz operating conditions, and to identify and isolate engine losses to provide a basis for future engine improvements.

The results of a program designed to develop a laser heated plasma sample for atomic physics studies in the 30 to 100 eV range of electron temperature and the 3 x 10/sup 17/ to 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ range in electron density are presented. The approach used was discussed in detail in Mathematical Sciences Northwest, Inc., (MSNW) Proposal 1660, that is, the laser breakdown mode of heating in a slow solenoid. An extensive rework of the plasma sample facility was done in order to use this mode of heating. Specifically, a new solenoid magnet was constructed to allow higher field operation and the plasma chamber was modified to allow the use of puff filling orifices and small bore tube liners. The vacuum system and focussing optics were changed to allow the use of an on-axis Cassagranian system capable of focussing the laser radiation to a nearly diffraction limited spot as is necessary when heating through a small aperture. The 10 liter CO/sub 2/ laser optics were charged to an unstable oscillator configuration and additional windows were provided into the optical cavity for alignment purposes.

In high explosives machining the three major concerns are safety, reliability, and ease of operation. With these three concerns as our main goals, LLL's EE and ME departments worked together to modify a LeBlond precision lathe for high explosives machining. The result is a unique, remote-controlled lathe which has extensive mechanical and electronics modifications. The lathe has been operating safely and successfully at Site 300's HE Test Facility since April 1978.

The Structured Assessment Approach was applied to material control and accounting systems at facilities that process Special Nuclear Material. Four groups of analytical techniques were developed for four general adversory types. Probabilistic algorithms were developed and compared with existing algorithms. 20 figures. (DLC)

The concept design for a small (less than 10 MWe) solar thermal electric generating plant was completed using projected 1985 technology. The systems requirements were defined and specified. The components, including an engineering prototype for one 15 kWe module of the generating plant, were conceptually designed. Significant features of the small solar thermal power plant were identified as the following: (1) 15-kWe Stirling-cycle engine/alternator with constant power output; (2) 10-meter point-focusing paraboloidal concentrator with cantilevered cellular glass reflecting panels; (3) primary heat pipe with 800/sup 0/C output solar cavity receiver; (4) secondary heat pipe with molten salt thermal energy storage unit; (5) electric energy transport system; and (6) advanced battery energy storage capability. The present emphasis for achieving cost reduction goals centers on improving conversion efficiency and reducing the cost of key components.

An analytic method is presented for determining the dilation of fast reactor fuel assembly ducts. For temperatures where creep is linearly dependent on stress, the method is rigorous in satisfying equilibrium, compatibility and stress-strain equations. Solutions are presented for two cases: (1) a duct with constant pressure differential, (2) a duct with varying pressure differential. Results are in close agreement with finite element results of the MARC-CDC program. The method is used to predict the dilation of the Fast Test Reactor (FTR) ducts under different operating conditions. Presented are the stress, strain and dilation predictions along the duct wall, and the duct dilation variations with its geometric and loading parameters.

The report described a system built around the Computing Gamma Spectrometer (PSA) LEA 74-008. The software primarily supports high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy using either a high-purity intrinsic germanium detector (HPGe) or a lithium-drifted germanium detector (Ge(Li)).

Data were acquired on the behavior of the polyethylene upwelling pipe for the GRI/DOE Marine Biomass Biological Test Farm during several phases of pipe assembly and ocean towing and deployment. The pipe is nominally 28 in O.D., 1400 feet long with wall thicknesses of 0.9 and 1.75 inches. The entire effort was conducted over a period of six weeks and was implemented on a strictly non-interference basis with the main Biomass Program. Three types of data were acquired during shore and ocean based operations conducted in the southern California area during the period from 15 September-27 September 1978. Axial strain data were obtained from two rows of 15 transducers each, separated circumferentially by 90/sup 0/ and distributed along the entire length of the pipe. Photographic data were also acquired from helicopter, boat and shore stationed cameras. The third type of data acquired were lowering line tension measurements made during the second successful deployment operation.

In the fluidized-bed denitrification process developed, bacteria are allowed to grow and attach themselves to 0.25 to 0.60-mm-OD coal particles, and nitrate-containing solution is pumped up through the column at a velocity sufficient to fluidize the bacteria-coated coal particles. The denitrification bacteria convert the nitrate ions to nitrogen gas. A 10-cm-ID column has been operated by Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant personnel to test the scale-up and operational characteristics of the fluidized bed process. The reactor consists of a tapered bottom section for flow distribution, several straight 10-cm-ID cylindrical sections, and a tapered top section for solid/liquid disengaging. Increasing the diameter of the reactor by a factor of two did not cause any decrease in reactor performance. The fluidized-bed reactor is characterized by short-residence-time requirements (about 2 minutes per meter of height), and by high, but variable, denitrification rates (2 to 35 g NO/sub 3//sup -/-N/dm/sup 3//day). The reactor is best suited for relatively low-concentration nitrate wastes (<1 wt% NO/sub 3//sup -/). The economics of using the reactor for high-concentration wastes (>20 wt% NO/sub 3//sup -/) is less favorable, but still may be competitive with other reactor types. 9 figs, 2 tables.

Measurements of daily concentrations of /sup 7/Be, /sup 32/P, and ozone at Whiteface Mountain, New York are reported for June, July, and August of 1977 and 1978. Episodes of high daily ozone are observed to coincide with peak /sup 7/Be and /sup 32/P concentrations. Since these radionuclides and ozone are produced in the stratosphere, their simultaneous increase is taken to indicate the arrival of stratospheric air. However, ozone is also produced at ground level by photochemical reactions. Therefore, only when the ground level production of ozone is small can a comparison of cosmogenic nuclides and ozone quantitatively yield stratospheric ozone component. On June 15, 1977 at least 80% of the 50 ppBv (daily average) ozone observed originated in the stratosphere. Our data indicate substantial stratospheric contributions on numerous other occasions. The /sup 7/Be and /sup 32/P concentration measurements can be used to directly determine the accompanying stratospheric ozone if (1) the /sup 7/Be (and/or /sup 32/P)O/sub 3/ mixing ratios in the upper atmosphere, and (2) mean residence time of O/sub 3/ are known. Since October 1977, the /sup 7/Be concentrations in aerosol samples collected at 10 to 12 km varied from less than or equal to 0.1 to 5.8 pCi/kg …

Advanced technologies applicable to solar thermal electric power systems in the 1990--2000 time-frame are delineated for power applications that fulfill a wide spectrum of small power needs with primary emphasis on power ratings <10 MWe. Techno-economic projections of power system characteristics (energy and capital costs as a function of capacity factor) are made based on development of identified promising technologies. The key characteristic of advanced technology systems is an efficient low-cost solar energy collection while achieving high temperatures for efficient energy conversion. Two-axis tracking systems such as the central receiver or power tower concept and distributed parabolic dish receivers possess this characteristic. For these two basic concepts, advanced technologies including, e.g., conversion systems such as Stirling engines, Brayton/Rankine combined cycles and storage/transport concepts encompassing liquid metals, and reversible-reaction chemical systems are considered. In addition to techno-economic aspects, technologies are also judged in terms of factors such as developmental risk, relative reliability, and probability of success. Improvements accruing to projected advanced technology systems are measured with respect to current (or pre-1985) steam-Rankine systems, as represented by the central receiver pilot plant being constructed near Barstow, California. These improvements, for both central receivers and parabolic dish systems, indicate that pursuit of advanced …

Activities in programs to conduct polymer-waterflood studies are reported. During the period a study was conducted of the Burbank-Bartlesville sand reservoir, located in the north half of the Stanley Stringer Field, Osage County, Oklahoma. Progress in the overall program is summarized in a chart. (JRD)

The feasibility of implementing bias-humidity development testing to determine if field-like failure modes would result is demonstrated. Variables resulting in degradation were separated so causative variables could be identified. The studies were done on silicon solar cell modules from different manufacturers. Following each of the ten-day bias-humidity tests, the modules were examined, photographed, and tested. Limited bias-related changes were observed. (LEW)

Mass spectrometric studies of molten silicon in contact with mullite and x = 0.75 ..beta..&#x27; Sialon show that the vapor pressures of Si, Si0, Al, and Al/sub 2/0 species are very similar. In both cases the oxygen solubility is extremely low, but the aluminium content of the silicon is higher for the mullite--silicon system (3 weight percent), compared with 5000 ppm for the x = 0.75 ..beta..&#x27; Sialon. The nitrogen concentration (312 ppm) of the silicon is marginally below that for the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/--silicon system indicating that the addition of aluminium and oxygen to ..beta.. Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ does stabilize the nitrogen to some extent. Silicon beryllium oxynitrides were fabricated by hot pressing Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/--BeO-SiO/sub 2/ mixtures using three Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ powders. Single phase materials were obtained with KBI, Inc. and Sylvania SN502 grade powders, but not with Sylvania SN402 grade powder. Preliminary evaluation of the silicon beryllium oxynitride materials with molten silicon did not reveal any attack of these materials. X = 0.75 ..beta..&#x27; Sialon did, however, undergo slight attack. It is suggested that the rate of dissolution of aluminium in molten silicon could be affected by whether the Sialon is used in an inert atmosphere …

The objective of the Vee-Trough/Evacuated Tube Collector (VTETC) Project, undertaken for the DOE Solar Heating and Cooling Branch, was to show how vee-trough concentrators could improve the heat collection capability and reduce the cost of collectors consisting of evacuated tube receivers. The work was carried out in two phases. During the first phase, the VTETC was analyzed rigorously and various mathematical models were developed to calculate the optical performance of the vee-trough concentrators and the thermal performance of the evacuated tube receivers. A test bed was constructed to verify the mathematical analyses and compare reflectors made of back-silvered glass mirror, Alzak, Aluminized Teflon, and Kinglux (an electro polished aluminum reflector). Testing was conducted and data was obtained for the months of April to August 1977. The results of the mathematical analyses, as well as the results from 1977, were reported in DOE/JPL/1024-1, published in January 1978. In the second phase, additional tests were run at temperatures ranging from 80 to 190/sup 0/C (176 to 374/sup 0/F) during the months of April, May, June, and July 1978. The results obtained compared well with theoretical predictions. For the glass mirror reflectors, peak efficiencies, based on aperture area and operating temperatures of 125/sup …

Solar cells fabricated from HEM cast silicon have yielded up to 15% conversion efficiencies. This has been achieved in spite of using unpurified graphite parts in the HEM furnace and without optimization of material or cell processing parameters. Molybdenum retainers have prevented SiC formation and reduced carbon content by 50%. The oxygen content of vacuum cast HEM silicon is lower than typical Czochralski grown silicon. Impregnation of 45 ..mu..m diamonds into 7.5 ..mu..m copper sheath has shown distortion of the copper layer. However, 12.5 ..mu..m and 15 ..mu..m copper sheath can be impregnated with 45 ..mu..m diamonds to a high concentration. Electroless nickel plating of wires impregnated only in the cutting edge has shown nickel concentration around the diamonds. This has the possibility of reducing kerf. The high speed slicer fabricated can achieve higher speed and longer stroke with vibration isolation. This machine will be used for slicing 3'' and 4'' diameter workpieces.

An initial survey of the literature produced a list of ceramic materials with properties which made them potential candidates for use in molten-carbonate fuel cell tiles or electrodes. Seven of the materials in the original list were dropped from consideration because of unfavorable thermodynamic properties; four materials were set aside because of high cost, lack of availability, or fabrication difficulties. Thirteen compositions were tested statically at 1000 K in a Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ bath under a dry CO/sub 2/ atmosphere. Only four of the materials tested showed severe degradation reactions in the molten carbonate. A low-temperature process for forming small diameter, high-aspect ratio ceramic fibers for fuel cell use has been developed. A short-term program to initiate a computer study on the thermodynamic analysis of fuel cell materials was initiated at Montana State University. The report on this program is included as Appendix B. The MHD and high-temperature fuel cell literature was surveyed, and material properties were evaluated to identify MHD materials with potential use for fuel cell applications. A technology transfer report of these findings was prepared. This report is included as Appendix A. Laboratory facilities were established to conduct research on interfacial diffusion processes which could …

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As part of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Low-Cost Solar Array Project, test methods have been evaluated and procedures developed for testing photovoltaic flat-plate solar cell modules for resistance to impact by hailstones. Testing has included the use of simulated hailstones (frozen ice spheres projected at terminal velocity), steel balls, and other projectile types applied with three loading methods: pneumatic gun, gravity drop, and static loading. Results are presented that compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three test methods. Dropped-steel-ball tests are shown to exhibit little correlation with high-velocity ice-ball tests, whereas statically-loaded steel balls show a somewhat better correlation with ice-ball tests. Results are also presented on the hail impact strength of 16 flat-plate photovoltaic modules. The module designs tested have been shown to be capable of withstanding as large as 1-1/2-inch diameter and not capable of withstanding as small as 1/2-inch diameter simulated hail. The top surface material of the modules has a dominant influence on the hail impact resistance of the modules. In order of increasing impact strength for a given thickness, the top surface materials encountered in the modules tester were: clear silicone rubber, annealed glass, tempered glass, and acrylic sheet. The critical failure mechanism of …

A separate section is presented for each of the six prospect areas studied. Each section includes a compilation and discussion of environmental baseline data derived from existing sources. The data are arranged as follows: geology and geohydrology, air quality, water resources and flood hazards, ecological systems, and land use. When data specific to the prospect were not available, regional data are reported. (MHR)