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This study on the rate of lung cancer development in uranium miners was initiated in 1957 by the U. S. Public Health and many facets of this project are reaching final objectives. Many new studies have developed in the course of this study and will continue. The projects supported by The Energy Research and Development Administration are of utmost importance and consist of: collection of material from uranium miners known to have cancer of the lung into a tumor registry; manual on pulmonary cytology; regression study of sputum cytological findings in uranium miners who showed marked atypical squamous cell metaplasia and have quit smoking cigarettes, mining, or both; continuation of sputum collection and collection of lungs from deceased miners, and the development of instruments such as uv fiber-optic bronchoscopes for localization of carcinoma in situ of the lung. Approximately 75,000 sputum samples were examined over the last 19 years in cases that showed normal cytology at the inception of study and subsequently developed carcinoma of the lung and resulted in an accumulation of material that is worthy of study.

The basic goal of the Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) demonstration is to extend LIMB technology development to a full-scale application on a representative wall-fired utility boiler. The successful retrofit of LIMB to an existing boiler is expected to demonstrate that (a) reductions of 50 percent or greater in SO and NO emissions can be achieved at a fraction of the cost of add-on FGD systems, (b) boiler reliability, operability, and steam production can be maintained at levels existing prior to LIMB retrofit, and (c) technical difficulties attributable to LIMB operation, such as additional slagging and fouling, changes in ash disposal requirements, and an increased particulate load, can be resolved in a cost-effective manner. The primary fuel to be used will be an Ohio bituminous coal having a nominal sulfur content of 3 percent or greater.

This paper discusses the past and the future of Oak Ridge National Laboratories and its many contributions. (FSD)

Experimental evidence is presented of a steepened electron density profile near critical density obtained from studying the time-integrated scattered light from targets illuminated by linearly polarized, 1.06 ..mu.. light. Both 10 ..mu.. thick disks and DT-filled glass microshells were irradiated by light focused by f/1 or f/2.5 lenses in one and two-beam experiments, respectively. From the dependence of the asymmetry of the scattered light about the beam axis upon the scattering angle, we infer scale lengths on the order of one micron. Scale lengths have also been deduced from measurements on the polarization state of the reflected light. Both analytic and numerical results are presented to show how the polarization state varies with the incidence angle and the scale length.

An experiment to search for the production of quark[endash]gluon plasma in proton[endash]antiproton interactions is described with emphasis on 1992 results. Next, a search for critical phenomena using the EOS Time Projection Chamber is similarly described, including the results of 1992 test runs, nucleus[endash]nucleus collision simulations, and the extraction of critical indices from small percolation lattices. Analysis of results from experiments to detect the possible production of anomalous photons in the central rapidity region with transverse momentum between 5 and 50 MeV/c are discussed. Initial work on an experiment to study the high-density, high-temperature state of matter formed in collisions of heavy nuclei at relativistic energies, planned to begin in fall 1997, is related. Finally, work on a research and development project to investigate silicon avalanche diodes as time-of-flight detectors for nuclear and particle physics applications is reviewed. The principle is to detect the ionization of charged particles directly in the Si; feasibility has been demonstrated.

Organic aerogels are a special type of low density foam produced from the supercritical drying of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gels. These aerogels have continuous porosity, ultrafine cell/pore sizes (<1000 {angstrom}), and a microstructure composed of interconnected colloidal-like particles with diameters ranging from 30-175 {angstrom}. The particle size, surface area, density, and mechanical properties of the aerogels are largely determined by the catalysts concentration used in the sol-gel polymerization. In order to gain some insight into the crosslinks between RF particles, aerogels were labeled with C-13 formaldehyde at various times in the polymerization. CPMAS and IRCP techniques were used to correlate the relaxation behavior of the C-13 enriched aerogels with their different microstructures. 9 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

MOS C-t measurements were used to characterize lifetime in CAST crystals and its dependency on crystal defects. Four classes of ribbon perfection are defined. These perfection categories are coordinated with lifetime ranges and efficiency ranges of solar cells. Lifetime degrading properties of different defects are qualitatively discussed in terms of ''electrical activity.'' Electrical activity measurements of crystallographic defects in ribbons were made through the SEM EBIC techniques using Schottky contacts and p-n junction for EBIC contrast. Quantitative ''electrical activity'' measurements of line defects in ribbons were made through carrier diffusion length measurements. Line defects are shown to decrease minority-carrier lifetime by one to two orders of magnitude. (WDM)

The targets used for the creation of laser produced plasmas often contain sodium, silicon and other period 3 elements. Temperature and density information can be inferred from detailed study of the characteristic radiation from these elements. The resolution capabilities of crystal spectrographs designed to look at such target radiation are discussed. Data from several types of spectrographs are compared. The fine structure of the hydrogen and helium-like silicon lines are used to illustrate spectrograph resolution. A spectrograph for examining weak characteristic radiation near 1 keV due to plasma which has been compressed with a spherical irradiation system is discussed.

All three of the CombiNO[sub x] NO[sub x] control technologies were performed simultaneously for the first time. Tests were performed while firing coal as the primary fuel, and natural gas and coal as reburn fuels. The results for the complete CombiNO[sub x] process for coal firing and natural gas reburning are displayed in Figure 3-1. NO/NO[sub x] measurements were taken with the new sample system. The filter and line were cleaned periodically throughout testing to avoid ash build-up; ash has also been shown to convert NO[sub 2] to NO. Reduction due to natural gas reburning was 54% with burnout air injected at a downstream location of approximately 1600[degree]F. Advanced Gas Reburning produced a 79% reduction -- although it is suspected that better reduction would have been possible if injection resolution in the furnace allowed the urea to be injected at a more optimum temperature of 1850[degree]F. The methanol injection step converted 45% of the existing NO to NO[sub 2], achieving an overall CombiNO[sub x] NO reduction of 89%. The coal reburning CombiNO[sub x] test results are displayed in Figure 3-2. Results are similar to those obtained for natural gas reburning. Reduction due to urea injection was better while reburning with …

It was previously found that the triphenylcyclopropenyl-nickel compound ((C/sub 6/H/sub 5/)/sub 3/C/sub 3/Ni(CO)Br)/sub 2/ (I, X = Br) was an active catalyst for the conversion of quadricyclene to norbornadiene. This result was of considerable interest in connection with the development of the solar energy storage system since it indicated a new type of complex of a relatively abundant metal with potentially useful catalytic properties. For this reason, during this quarter a variety of triphenylcyclopropenyl-nickel derivatives were synthesized in order to determine their structure-activity relationships with respect to catalysis of the conversion of quadricyclene to norbornadiene. Also, a new approach to the development of a polymer-bound catalyst for the conversion of quadricyclene to norbornadiene based on an ion-exchange resin was also explored. Procedures and results are reported. (WHK)

This report assesses the feasibility of real-time systems applied to mixed-oxide fuel rod fabrication. Their interaction with other material control and accounting measures are considered. Economics, effectiveness, and acceptance factors are discussed. A cost-benefit evaluation is made and recommendations given for safeguards improvements. (DLC)

This handbook demonstrates the application of a tool for measuring and monitoring the impact of a development project in the Department of Quezaltenango, Guatemala. That project itself presently is a demonstration. It explores the technical feasibility and the commercial possibilities of direct geothermal heat applications to the processing of agricultural produce - with the eventual purpose of expanding agricultural exports from Guatemala. The handbook focuses on an early stage of the geothermal initiative and guides preparations for future impact measurement and monitoring of geothermal projects. Primarily, guidance is for projects in agricultural applications of geothermal heat - and basically in Quezaltenango. But the exercise and the handbook are relevant in broad outline to other, industrial applications projects as well which may be based in other departments and have immediate impact across the whole country. This handbook attempts to prepare geothermal energy planners in Guatemala for that juncture when geothermal projects can be managed by objectives. It promotes and facilitates thinking about defining specific objectives for projects that result from the demonstration at Zunil (in Quezaltenango Department); and it prompts preparations for obtaining baseline measurements and for making rational projections on the achievements of future projects.

Experimental evidence is presented of a steepened electron density profile near critical density obtained from studying the time-integrated scattered light from targets illuminated by linearly polarized, 1.06 ..mu.. light. Both 10 ..mu.. thick disks and DT-filled glass microshells were irradiated by light focused by f/1 or f/2.5 lenses in one and two-beam experiments, respectively. From the dependence of the asymmetry of the scattered light about the beam axis upon the scattering angle, scale lengths on the order of one micron are inferred. Scale lengths have also been deduced from measurements on the polarization state of the reflected light. Both analytic and numerical results are presented to show how the polarization state varies with the incidence angle and the scale length.

A device has been developed that will control the filament temperature in a thermal ionization mass spectrometer. The arrangement is superior to past methods to control this critical parameter. The operating principle lies in the feature of filament power control as contrasted with the formerly used voltage or current controls. Reproducibility and stability of ion beams showed great improvement. The mass spectrometer was developed to analyze for parts-per-billion concentrations of uranium in water samples.

Decommissioning of the Haddam Neck Nuclear Power Plant operated by Connecticut Yankee is in progress. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the Containment Building and Spent Fuel Pool (SFP) Building. Consideration is being given to leaving some subsurface concrete from the Containment, Spent Fuel and certain other buildings in place following NRC license termination. Characterization data of most of these structures show small amounts of residual contamination. The In-Core Sump area of the Containment Building has shown elevated levels of tritium, Co-60, Fe-55, and Eu-152 and lesser quantities of other radionuclides due to neutron activation of the concrete in this area. This analysis is provided to determine levels of residual contamination that will not cause releases to the groundwater in excess of the acceptable dose limits. The objective is to calculate a conservative relationship between the radionuclide concentration of subsurface concrete and the maximum groundwater concentration (pCi/L) for the concrete that may remain following license termination at Connecticut Yankee.

In the past two runs of RHIC, the first measurements with polarized proton beams have been performed. For many years to come, the RHIC spin program will offer exciting physics, exploring QCD and the nucleon in new ways. The aim of this small workshop was to attract several spin theorists to the center for about two weeks, in order to collaborate with both experimentalists and theorists at RBRC, and to initiate and/or complete studies of relevance to RHIC spin. A major focus of polarized-pp measurements at RHIC is on measuring the spin-dependent gluon density, {Delta}g. A channel for accessing {Delta}g is high-p{sub T} pion production. The unpolarized cross section for this reaction has been measured by PHENIX and was found in good agreement with a perturbative-QCD based (NLO) calculation. It was a remarkable and exciting coincidence that PHENIX presented also the first results for the spin asymmetry for {rvec p}{rvec p} {yields} {pi}{sup 0}X during this workshop. This sparked a lot of additional activity and discussion. First steps toward the interpretation of the data were taken. Marco Stratmann and Barbara Jager (Regensburg University) presented recent work on the NLO calculation of the polarized cross section and the spin asymmetry, setting …

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The radioactive wastes stored in tanks 241-C-201, 241-C-202, 241-C-203, and 241-C-204 (the C-200 series tanks) are to be retrieved with the C-200 vacuum retrieval system (VRS). The VRS will suck the waste up through an articulated mast system, separate it from the suspending air, collect and transfer it to a receiver batch tank, and return the air as exhaust to the waste tank being retrieved. An analysis of potential accidents has indicated that a break in the line used to return the exhaust to the waste tank could release unacceptable quantities of suspended radioactive material to the environment. To estimate the quantity of suspended material and determine accident risks, CH2M HILL and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted tests with the VRS using nonradioactive waste simulants at the Hanford Cold Test Facility. This report describes the tests conducted and presents and discusses the results.

PVODE is a high-performance ordinary differential equation solver for the types of initial value problems (IVPs) that arise in large-scale computational simulations. often, one wants to compute sensitivities with respect to certain parameters in the IVP. They discuss the use of automatic differentiation (AD) to compute these sensitivities in the context of PVODE. Results on a simple test problem indicate that the use of AD-generated derivative code can reduce the time to solution over finite difference approximations.

Seismic imaging and tracking methods have intelligence and monitoring applications. Current systems, however, do not adequately calibrate or model the unknown geological heterogeneity. Current systems are also not designed for rapid data acquisition and analysis in the field. This project seeks to build the core technological capabilities coupled with innovative deployment, processing, and analysis methodologies to allow seismic methods to be effectively utilized in the applications of seismic imaging and vehicle tracking where rapid (minutes to hours) and real-time analysis is required. The goal of this project is to build capabilities in acquisition system design, utilization and in full 3D finite difference modeling as well as statistical characterization of geological heterogeneity. Such capabilities coupled with a rapid field analysis methodology based on matched field processing are applied to problems associated with surveillance, battlefield management, finding hard and deeply buried targets, and portal monitoring. This project benefits the U.S. military and intelligence community in support of LLNL's national-security mission. FY03 was the final year of this project. In the 2.5 years this project has been active, numerous and varied developments and milestones have been accomplished. A wireless communication module for seismic data was developed to facilitate rapid seismic data acquisition and …

Efforts to model and measure absolute neutron-induced reaction cross sections have for the most part been limited by experimental techniques to neutron energies found in reactors and light-ion fusion reactions (i.e., t(d,n){alpha} etc.). This can in large part be attributed to the difficulty involved in making high-flux mono-energetic neutron beams with E{sub n} > 14 MeV. The result has been a lack of guidance for (n,xnypz{alpha}) reaction modeling for E{sub n} > 1-2 MeV. These limitations become particularly exacerbated in nuclei where structure effects (i.e., near shell closures, high deformation etc.) or fission complicates the models. The GEANIE spectrometer at LANSCE/WNR fills this gap in experimental technique by allowing for efficient measurement of neutron-induced {gamma}-ray partial cross sections over a wide range of incident neutron energies (1 < E{sub n} (MeV) < 250). GEANIE consists of 20 Compton-suppressed and 6 unsuppressed hpGe detectors located at the 60{sup o} right beam line at the LANSCE/WNR spallation source. Eleven of the GEANIE detectors are Low Energy Planar Spectrometers (LEPS) with excellent timing and energy resolution. LANSCE/WNR provides a white source of neutrons through the spallation of a tungsten target with an 800 MeV 2-5 {micro}amp beam of protons. Neutron energy is determined …

This report describes the implementation of the Chaboche type Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening Model developed for the PNGV SPP (Partnership for the Next Generation Vehicle, Spring-back Predictability Project). The material model includes a nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening law, transverse anisotropy, strain range memorization for cyclic hardening/softening and viscoplasticity. This report is a companion to the report: ''A Return Mapping Algorithm for Cyclic Viscoplastic Constitutive Models'' which concentrates on the theoretical aspects of the model. This report summarizes the necessary parameters for the model, briefly discusses their interpretation and shows some numerical simulations. The report also specifies the data structure requirements for linking the material model software by explicitly referencing the source code delivered to the SPP collaborators.

High-trapping efficiency and narrow energy spread in a staged laser acceleration system was demonstrated during the Staged Electron Laser Acceleration (STELLA) experiment. The experiment used inverse free electron lasers (IFEL) driven by the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) CO{sub 2} laser. The 1st IFEL modulated the electron beam energy. A subsequent chicane created a train of {approx}3 fs-long microbunches separated by 10.6 microns. These microbunches are trapped and accelerated in a 2nd IFEL where up to 80% trapping efficiencies and energy spreads down to 0.36% (1-{delta}) were measured. This paper presents additional model comparisons with the data, and discusses the strengths and limitations of the model.