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1,3-Propanediol Made From Fermentation-Derived Malonic Acid: Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Agriculture Project Fact Sheet
1,3-Propanediol is one of two ingredients used in producing polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), a polymer which can be used in polyester and nylon applications. Researchers are developing a process to ferment biomass feedstock to malonic acid using filamentous fungi and then catalytically convert malonic acid to 1,3-propanediol.
Date:
September 12, 2001
Creator:
Carde, T.
Object Type:
Book
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A 3-D adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for multimaterial gas dynamics
Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) in conjunction with high order upwind finite difference methods has been used effectively on a variety of problems. In this paper we discuss an implementation of an AMR finite difference method that solves the equations of gas dynamics with two material species in three dimensions. An equation for the evolution of volume fractions augments the gas dynamics system. The material interface is preserved and tracked from the volume fractions using a piecewise linear reconstruction technique. 14 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
August 12, 1991
Creator:
Puckett, E. G. & Saltzman, J. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D full waveform inversion of seismic data; Part I. Theory
Full waveform inversion of seismic data is a challenging subject partly because of the lack of precise knowledge of the source. Since currently available approaches involve some form of approximations to the source, inversion results are subject to the quality and the choice of the source information used. A new full waveform inversion scheme has been introduced (Lee and Kim, 2003) using normalized wavefield for simple two-dimensional (2-D) scalar problems. The method does not require source information, so potential inversion errors due to source estimation may be eliminated. A gather of seismic traces is first Fourier-transformed into the frequency domain and a normalized wavefield is obtained for each trace in the frequency domain. Normalization is done with respect to the frequency response of a reference trace selected from the gather, so the complex-valued normalized wavefield is source-independent and dimensionless. The inversion algorithm minimizes misfits between measured normalized wavefield and numerically computed normalized wavefield. In this paper the full waveform inversion is extended to three-dimensional (3-D) problems.
Date:
May 12, 2003
Creator:
Lee, Ki Ha
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D surface profile measurements of large x-ray synchrotron radiation mirrors using stitching interferometry.
Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometry, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1 {micro}rad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1 m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6 {micro}rad rms. This value is comparable to that of a …
Date:
September 12, 2002
Creator:
Assoufid, L.; Bray, M.; Qian, J. & Shu, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
4$pi$ detector for correlation experiments
None
Date:
June 12, 1975
Creator:
Thorndike, A. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A 10-Hz Terawatt Class Ti:Sapphire Laser System: Development and Applications
We developed a two stage Ti:Sapphire laser system to generate 16 mJ/80fs laser pulses at the pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. The key deriver for the present design is implementing a highly efficient symmetric confocal pre-amplifier and employing a simple, inexpensive synchronization scheme relying only on a commercial digital delay-generator. We characterized the amplified pulses in spatial-, spectral-, and temporal-domains. The laser system was used to investigate various nonlinear optical processes, and to modify the optical properties of metal- and semiconductor-surfaces. We are currently building a third amplifier to boost the laser power to the multi-terawatt range.
Date:
January 12, 2010
Creator:
Sharma, A. K.; Smedley, J.; Tsang, T. & Rao, T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A 90-GHz Photoinjector
Photocathode rf guns depend on mode locked laser systems to produce an electron beam at a given phase of the rf. In general, the laser pulse is less than {sigma}{sub z} = 10{sup o} of rf phase in length and the required stability is on the order of {Delta}{phi} = 1{sup o}. At 90 GHz (W-band), these requirements correspond to {sigma}{sub z} = 333 fsec and {Delta}{phi} = 33 fsec. Laser system with pulse lengths in the fsec regime are commercially available, the timing stability is a major concern. We propose a multi-cell W-band photoinjector that does not require a mode locked laser system. Thereby eliminating the stability requirements at W-band. The laser pulse is allowed to be many rf periods long. In principle, the photoinjector can now be considered as a thermionic rf gun. Instead of using an alpha magnet to compress the electron bunch, which would have a detrimental effect on the transverse phase space quality due to longitudinal phase space mixing, we propose to use long pulse laser system and a pair of undulators to produce a low emittance, high current, ultra-short electron bunch for beam dynamics experiments in the 90 GHz regime.
Date:
September 12, 2005
Creator:
Palmer, D. T.; Hogan, M. J.; Ferrario, M. & Serafini, L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
100 Areas Technical Activities Report - Physics, January 1947
Four routine shutdowns were experienced during the month. A measurable amount of the excess reactivity held in the control rods at the first of the month has been lost in the decrease in the average accumulated exposure of all the metal in the pile. The vertical safety rod guides have been measured for vertical alignment by the Maintenance Dept. A definite pattern has been found in the misalignment of the guides. The horizontal rod thimbles were borrowed on January 2, 1947 to see if any leaks were present. No leaks were observed but No. 2 Rod and No. 8 Rod had heavy gouge marks along the longitudinal axes. Several thimbles contained white corrosion. During the month two new bismuth tubes were established, 2871-D and 2877-D. This now gives the desired pattern of ten bismuth tubes.
Date:
February 12, 1947
Creator:
Montgomery, E. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
100 Areas technical progress letter No. 105, July 2--July 8
The physics of the shutdown of the D pile on July 2 is emphasized in the operation report. The F pile shutdown and operating specifics are also discussed. Water, corrosion, and engineering are reported for the B, D, and F areas.
Date:
July 12, 1946
Creator:
Jordan, W. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
100-D Area In Situ Redox Treatability Test for Chromate-Contaminated Groundwater
A treatability test was conducted for the In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) technology at the 100 D Area of the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. The target contaminant was dissolved chromate in groundwater. The ISRM technology creates a permeable subsurface treatment zone to reduce mobile chromate in groundwater to an insoluble form. The ISRM permeable treatment zone is created by reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron within the aquifer sediments, which is accomplished by injecting aqueous sodium dithionite into the aquifer and then withdrawing the reaction products. The goal of the treatability test was to create a linear ISRM barrier by injecting sodium dithionite into five wells. Well installation and site characterization activities began in spring 1997; the first dithionite injection took place in September 1997. The results of this first injection were monitored through the spring of 1998. The remaining four dithionite injections were carried out in May through July of 1998.These five injections created a reduced zone in the Hanford unconfined aquifer approximately 150 feet in length (perpendicular to groundwater flow) and 50 feet wide. The reduced zone extended over the thickness of the unconfined zone. Analysis of post-emplacement groundwater samples showed concentrations of chromate, in …
Date:
October 12, 2000
Creator:
Williams, Mark D.; Vermeul, Vincent R.; Szecsody, James E. & Fruchter, Jonathan S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
100-D Area In Situ Redox Treatability Test for Chromate-Contaminated Groundwater
None
Date:
October 12, 2000
Creator:
Williams, M. D.; Vermeul, V. R.; Szecsody, J. E. & Fruchter, J. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
105-DR Large Sodium Fire Facility decontamination, sampling, and analysis plan
This is the decontamination, sampling, and analysis plan for the closure activities at the 105-DR Large Sodium Fire Facility at Hanford Reservation. This document supports the 105-DR Large Sodium Fire Facility Closure Plan, DOE-RL-90-25. The 105-DR LSFF, which operated from about 1972 to 1986, was a research laboratory that occupied the former ventilation supply room on the southwest side of the 105-DR Reactor facility in the 100-D Area of the Hanford Site. The LSFF was established to investigate fire fighting and safety associated with alkali metal fires in the liquid metal fast breeder reactor facilities. The decontamination, sampling, and analysis plan identifies the decontamination procedures, sampling locations, any special handling requirements, quality control samples, required chemical analysis, and data validation needed to meet the requirements of the 105-DR Large Sodium Fire Facility Closure Plan in compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Date:
June 12, 1995
Creator:
Knaus, Z.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
200 Area processing rates
Two types of ``feedstock,`` i.e. irradiated uranium and uranium from underground storage, are processed by the 200 Areas. Future operations may add irradiated thorium as a supplementary feed material. In either case, the major portion of future feedstocks is presumed to be in the form of irradiated metal, i.e. uranium and/or thorium, resulting in an almost complete dependence of the required 200 Area processing rate on reactor power levels and metal irradiation history. This document presents correlations by which predicted reactor power levels and production commitments for particular types of product may be easily converted to the required separations processing rates. Separations processing rates potentially resulting from low NGS plutonium and ``23`` commitments are given for the period through 1957.
Date:
April 12, 1955
Creator:
Platt, A. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
200 Area treated effluent disposal facility operational test specification
This document identifies the test specification and test requirements for the 200 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility (200 Area TEDF) operational testing activities. These operational testing activities, when completed, demonstrate the functional, operational and design requirements of the 200 Area TEDF have been met.
Date:
January 12, 1995
Creator:
Crane, A. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
200 West Area Dust Mitigation Strategies
Various strategies were developed for the purpose of mitigating respirable dust experienced at facilities in the southwest corner of the 200 West Area. These strategies focused on treatment of that portion of the dust source located within the 200 West Expansion Area. Strategies included direct shielding of the facilities via establishment of a poplar windbreak and installation of an artificial windscreen; soil stabilization via seeding of herbaceous plants, soil fixatives, straw crimping, straw blankets, gravel mulches, drift fences, baled straw, and living fences; and various irrigation systems that would function both to water seeded herbs and to suppress dust.
Date:
April 12, 2001
Creator:
Sackschewsky, Michael R. & Becker, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
218 E-8 Borrow Pit Demolition Site clean closure soil evaluation report
This report summarizes the sampling activities undertaken and the analytical results obtained in a soil sampling and analyses study performed for the 218 E-8 Borrow Pit Demolition Site (218 E-8 Demolition Site). The 218 E-8 Demolition Site is identified as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) treatment unit that will be closed in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. The site was used for the thermal treatment of discarded explosive chemical products. No constituents of concern were found in concentrations indicating contamination of the soil by 218 E-8 Demolition Site activities.
Date:
June 12, 1995
Creator:
Korematsu-Olund, D. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
234-5 Development summary report: Recovery of plutonium from skulls
None
Date:
October 12, 1950
Creator:
Lyon, W.L. & Facer, J.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The 239 Pu(n,2n)238Pu cross section: preliminary calculations
The primary motivation for the present work is to provide theoretical values for the ratio of the partial <sup>239</sup>Pu(n,2nx{gamma})<sup>238</sup>Pu to total <sup>239</sup> Pu(n,2n)<sup>238</sup>Pu cross section for several discrete gamma transitions. Results and conclusions of preliminary calculations from threshold to 20 MeV are presented. Calculations are based on theoretical models with parameters obtained from the literature or from our ad hoc systematics. Optical model cross sections and transmission coefficients were determined using the coupled-channels method. The calculations included a preequilibrium component followed by multiple particle and gamma-ray emissions. Fission competition was included at all stages of de-excitation. Suggestions for further verifications and possible improvements are provided.
Date:
March 12, 1999
Creator:
Chen, H.; Reffo, G.; Ross, M. A. & White, R. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
242-A campaign 95-1 post run document
The 242-A Evaporator Campaign 95-1 was started on June 6, 1995 and finished July 27, 1995. An overall Waste Volume Reduction (WVR) of 8.18 million liters (2.16 mGAL OR 87.6% WVRF) was achieved from 9.35 million liters (2.47 Mgal) of processable waste contained in 108-AP, 107-AP, 106-AW and 102-AW. Slurry generated from Campaign 95-1 consisted of 1.05 million liters (278,000 gal) of dilute double-shell slurry feed (DDSSF) with a SpG of approximately 1.34. Total process condensate discharged to LERF was 10.3 million liters (2.72 Mgal), achieving a condensate/WVR efficiency ratio of 1.26. Total throughout for Campaign 95-1 was 18.1 million liters (4.79 Mgal). B Pond discharges from steam condensate and cooling water were 15.8 and 583 million liters (4.17 and 154 Mgal) respectively. Based on 145 hours of unplanned downtime, the 242-A Evaporator maintained an operating efficiency of 86% during the 49 day campaign.
Date:
February 12, 1996
Creator:
Guthrie, M.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
324 Building special-case waste assessment in support of the 324 Building closure (TPA milestone M-89-05)
Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, also known as the Tri-Party Agreement Milestone M-89-05 requires US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office to complete a 324 Building Special Case Waste Assessment in Support of the 324 Building Closure. This document has been prepared with the intent of meeting this regulatory commitment. Alternatives for the Special Case Wastes located in the 324 Building were defined and analyzed. Based on the criteria of safety, environmental, complexity of interfaces, risk, cost, schedule, and long-term operability and maintainability, the best alternative was chosen. Waste packaging and transportation options are also included in the recommendations. The waste disposition recommendations for the B-Cell dispersibles/tank heels and High-Level Vault packaged residuals are to direct them to the Plutonium Uranium Extraction Facility (PUREX) Number 2 storage tunnel.
Date:
May 12, 1998
Creator:
Hobart, R.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
324 Facility B-Cell quality process plan
This report documents the quality process plan for the restart of a hot cell in the B Plant, originally a bismuth phosphate processing facility, but later converted to a waste fractionation plant. B-Cell is currently being cleaned out and deactivated. TPA Milestone M-89-02 dictates that all mixed waste and equipment be removed from B-Cell by 5/31/1999. This report describes the major activities that remain for completion of the TPA milestone.
Date:
March 12, 1998
Creator:
Carlson, J. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
500 MW X-BAND RF SYSTEM OF A 0.25 GEV ELECTRON LINAC FOR ADVANCED COMPTON SCATTERING SOURCE APPLICATION
A Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray (MEGa-Ray) Compton scattering light source is being developed at LLNL in collaboration with SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The electron beam for the Compton scattering interaction will be generated by a X-band RF gun and a X-band LINAC at the frequency of 11.424 GHz. High power RF in excess of 500 MW is needed to accelerate the electrons to energy of 250 MeV or greater for the interaction. Two high power klystron amplifiers, each capable of generating 50 MW, 1.5 msec pulses, will be the main high power RF sources for the system. These klystrons will be powered by state of the art solid-state high voltage modulators. A RF pulse compressor, similar to the SLED II pulse compressor, will compress the klystron output pulse with a power gain factor of five. For compactness consideration, we are looking at a folded waveguide setup. This will give us 500 MW at output of the compressor. The compressed pulse will then be distributed to the RF gun and to six traveling wave accelerator sections. Phase and amplitude control are located at the RF gun input and additional control points along the LINAC to allow for parameter control during operation. This high …
Date:
May 12, 2010
Creator:
Chu, T S; Anderson, S G; Gibson, D J; Hartemann, F V; Marsh, R A; Siders, C et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1990 Fischer Standard study
The purpose of this work is to develop a set of Titanium areal density standards for calibration and maintenance of the Fischer`s X-ray Fluorescence measurement system characterization curve program. The electron microprobe was calibrated for Titanium films on ceramic substrates using an existing set of laboratory standards (Quantity: 6 Range: 0.310 to 1.605). Fourteen source assemblies were measured and assigned values. These values are based on a mean calculation, of five separate readings, from best curve fit equations developed form the plot of the laboratory standards areal density (Source Measure) versus electron microprobe measurement (reading). The best fit equations were determined using the SAS General Linear Modeling (GLM) procedure. Four separate best fit equations were evaluated (Linear, Quadratic, Cubic and Exponential). Areal density values for the Fischer Standards appear here ordered by best fit equation based on maximum R{sup 2}.
Date:
September 12, 1990
Creator:
Roubik, G. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1996 Tier two emergency and hazardous chemical inventory emergency planning and community right-to-know act section 312
None
Date:
March 12, 1997
Creator:
Hays, C. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library