A key issue in the design of fusion research experiments and their related facilities is the control of ground currents. Because of the large magnetic field, high voltages and high currents present in most of these installations, it is essential to avoid ground loops, and to control ground currents during both normal operations and fault conditions. This paper describes the grounding policy that was developed for MTX. The vault area was divided into zones, and each of the four walls was treated as a separate grounding area. Cable runs and magnet buss bars were run into the machine radially. The paper also describes the steps taken to isolate diagnostic signals and power for pumps and instruments. The paper outlines some of the field calculations used to predict problem areas, and to reveal voltage isolation levels that were required. The paper includes the active ground fault detection system used to insure the integrity of the ground system. 2 refs., 5 figs.

The system configuration, layout, and general philosophy for the MTX magnet power system is described. The vast majority of the magnet power equipment was quite successfully used on the ALCATOR-C experiment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The AC power for the magnet system at MIT was obtained from a 225MVA alternator. The power for the system at LLNL is obtained directly from the local utility's 230 kV line. This installation, therefore, necessitates the addition of a great deal of equipment in ranges from new switchgear in the substation to using existing switchgear obtained from MIT as contractors for intershop electrical isolation as well as safety isolation for personnel entry into the experimental area. Additionally, some discussion is made of the unique layout of this facility and the tradeoffs made to accommodate them. 2 refs., 6 figs.

The poloidal-field (PF) coil set for the Tokamak Ignition/Burn Engineering Reactor (TIBER-II) consists of 24 solenoid modules, 16 of which are stacked inside the toroidal-field (TF) system at the center of the machine. These central solenoid modules operate at high-current densities, and maximum fields at the windings approach 14 T. Although TIBER-II is designed for steady-state operation with noninductive current drive, other operating scenarios are also considered. In the pulsed or inductive mode, PF coil currents are ramped to induce plasma current. In this mode, peak fields approaching 14 T appear on the central solenoid modules at the ends of the stack; the required current densities in these modules approach 40 A . mm/sup 2/. The central solenoid modules are layer wound using cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) with (NbTi)/sub 3/Sn composite strands for improved high-field performance. Layer winding permits grading the conductor for maximum overall winding-pack current density and also results in less wasted space in the radial build of the machine. Cooling connections may be made at each layer of a module as needed. Current leads to the modules are routed through the high-field central bore. The central solenoid modules can easily support the centering load of the PF system, …

The superconducting, toroidal-field (TF) coils in the Tokamak Ignition/Burn Engineering Reactor (TIBER II) are designed with cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) using Nb/sub 3/Sn composite strands. To design the CICC winding pack, we used an optimization technique that maximizes the conductor stability without violating the constraints imposed by the structure, electrical insulation, quench protection, and fabrication technique. Detailed helium-properties codes calculate the heat removal along a flow path, and detailed field calculations determine the temperature, current, and stability margins. The conductor sheath is designed as distributed structure to partially support the combined in-plane and out-of-plane loads generated within the winding pack. Pancakes of the coil are wound, reacted, and insulated before being potted in the case. This design is aggressive but fully consistent with good engineering practice. 5 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

The existing D0 overpass induces a vertical dispersion wave around the Main ring with dispersion amplitudes of around 1.6 to 1.8 m. There are two major reasons to eliminate or reduce vertical dispersion induced by the D0 overpass: to lower the beam momentum dependence on vertical positions which had not existed before the overpass; and to raise the Tevatron luminosity by eliminating the dispersion mismatch between the main Ring and Tevatron. 20 figs., 1 tab.

The possibilities for building a facility for the formation spectroscopy of ''charmonium'' and the study of ''exotics'' at the AGS with high intensity antiproton beams of good resolution and enhanced purity are explored. The performance potential of a number of long beams and the AGS booster are evaluated and costs are estimated. Fluxes of several 10/sup 7/ antiprotons per pulse with purities of 5% to 99% are possible with conventional long beams. A similar total antiproton flux would be available with the Booster with no beam contamination. This could effectively be enhanced by two orders of magnitude by reducing the momentum spread in order to scan very narrow (less than 1 MeV) resonances. The maximum momentum attainable with the present Booster magnet design is 5.6 GeV/c which only reaches the Chi/sub 0/ (3415) charmonium state. Modifications are possible which would raise the maximum momentum to 6.3 GeV/c to include all states up to and including eta'/sub c/ (3590) in its range. The performance potential for this physics at the AGS is found to compare favorably with that at other laboratories with more antiprotons delivered annually, running in the post-Booster era, than at FNAL or Super-Lear with ACOL under typical scheduling …

Careful design of the toroidal-field (TF) and poloidal-field (PF) coils in a tokamak machine using cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) can result in quite high overall winding-pack current densities - even with the high nuclear heat loads that may be imposed in operating a fusion reactor - and thereby help reduce the overall machine size. In our design process, we systematically examined the operational environment of a magnet, e.g., mechanical stresses, current, field, heat load, coolant temperature, and cooldown stresses, to determine the optimum amounts of copper, superconductor, helium, and sheath material for the CICC. This process is being used to design the superconducting magnet systems that comprise the Tokamak Ignition/Burn Experimental Reactor (TIBER II). 13 refs., 2 figs.

This paper considers the effects of a pulse of radiation from a high-energy laser beam on the ambient turbulence that exists in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is considered as a compressible, perfect gas being heated by the high-energy laser pulse. We compute correlation functions of the temperature in the isobaric regime. The two-point correlation function is changed by a multiplicative factor that grows exponentially in time while the pulse is on Empirical formulas permit us to connect temperature fluctuations that we can compute to the refractive index fluctuations of the atmosphere. These self-induced refractive index fluctuations will be useful in studying the propagation characteristics of high energy laser beams through the atmosphere. 9 refs.

Phase II of the Tokamak Ignition/Burn Experimental Reactor (TIBER II) study describes one option for a small, economical, next-generation tokamak (1,2). Because of its small size, minimum shielding is used between the plasma and the toroidal-field (TF) coils. Consequently, a large cryogenic system (approximately 70 kW at 4.5 K) capable of delivering forced-flow helium is required. This paper describes a cryogenic system that meets this requirement and includes TIBER-II requirements. 3 refs.

Extensive experience with previous fusion experiments (TFTR, MFTF-B and others) is driving the design of the Instrumentation and Control System (I and C) for the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT) to be built at Princeton. The new design will reuse much equipment from TFTR and will be subdivided into six major parts: machine control, machine data acquisition, plasma diagnostic instrument control and instrument data acquisition, the database, shot sequencing and safety interlocks. In a major departure from previous fusion experiment control systems, the CIT machine control system will be a commercial process control system. Since the machine control system will be purchased as a completely functional product, we will be able to concentrate development manpower in plasma diagnostic instrument control, data acquisition, data processing and analysis, and database systems. We will discuss the issues driving the design, give a design overview and state the requirements upon any prospective commercial process control system.

This report briefly discusses progress on the following topics: state selection dynamics; polymerization under nonequilibrium conditions; inhomogeneous fluctuations in hydrodynamics and in completely mixed reactors; homoclinic bifurcations and mixed-mode oscillations; intrinsic randomness and spontaneous symmetry breaking in explosive systems; and microscopic means of irreversibility.

A Plasma Erosion Opening Switch (PEOS) is used as the opening switch for a vacuum inductive storage system driven by a 1.8-MV, 1.6-TW pulsed power generator. A 135-nH vacuum inductor is current charged to approx.750 kA in 50 ns through the closed PEOS which then opens in <10 ns into an inverse ion diode load. Electrical diagnostics and nuclear activations from ions accelerated in the diode yield a peak load voltage (4.25 MV) and peak load power (2.8 TW) that are 2.4 and 1.8 times greater than ideal matched load values for the same generator pulse.

Nuclear gamma radiation does not have many of the properties taken for granted in atomic or molecular radiation and necessary for lasers. The basic science and technology underlying these differences and the proposed methods of overcoming difficulties resulting from them are not properly understood. Considerable illumination in this interdisciplinary problem could be provided by some back-of-the-envelope calculations and simple experimental surveys by small groups of students and postdocs with an elementary knowledge of the nuclear and solid state physics which is evidently not familiar these days to laser physicists. 3 refs.

Recent theoretical developments in calculating fission barriers of hot rotating nuclei and their experimental tests are reviewed. The discussions are limited to macroscopic fission models (no shell effects), since experimental tests come primarily from heavy-ion induced reactions involving large angular momenta and internal excitation energies. The physics of the rotating finite range models with temperature is emphasized and the predictions of our model are compared with those of other macroscopic models and with statistically deduced experimental results. The difficulties associated with the statistical model analysis at high temperatures are discussed. 43 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

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This engineering note calculates the minimum required line size for the manifold and the associated piping that deliver instrument air to the three cryostats at the D-Zero project.

This document discusses the Scale Melter currently testing feed systems. One component of that system is a valve operator, which directs the feed slurry or flush water through the 3-way ball valve to the melter. This valve operator may be causing problems on the TNX Scale Melter by failing to accurately align the feed valve ports.

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Two 20 kW condensing and one 10 kW steady state cooling coils will be used to cool and condense gaseous argon in the Central Calorimeter (CC) Cryostat. Since this cool down (300K to 90K) will inevitably cause shrinkage in the modules contained inside the cryostat, the connections between the modules have to be designed to withstand the increase in forces and moments induced by this contraction. This paper presents finite element analysis (ANSYS{reg_sign}) results to aid in the design or modification of the Central Calorimeter module connections.

There are several potential schemes for efficiently generating high concentrations of the first electronically excited state of nitrogen, N/sub 2/(A/sup 3/..sigma../sub u//sup +/, 6.2 eV) by either chemical or electrical pumping. The goal of this proposal is to study ways of utilizing the energy of the N/sub 2/(A) molecules for developing efficient, short wavelength gas lasers. Such lasers are of potential interest for laser fusion. The authors report both excitation-transfer and dissociative excitation-transfer reactions of N/sub 2/(A) that yield electronically-excited diatomic molecules as products. 25 refs.

The following conclusions were reached as a result of the research conducted with the TRUclean process on Johnston Island: Processed materials will have a total TRU activity of less than 500 Bq/Kg. Approximately 90% of the TRU activity in coral/soil is removed by a single pass through the fractional classification process. A volume reduction of greater than 90% of the original contaminated volume can be achieved with the returned ''clean'' volume less than or equal to the cleanup criteria. Reprocessing or multiple staging of the process units will yield overall efficiencies of greater than 90%. Continued testing at Nevada Test Site confirmed these conclusions.

The following calculations were used to develop a structure required to transport completed calorimeters (CC-EC) from the assembly area to a staging point for installation onto center beam. The transporter is equipped with four (4) 200 ton hydraulic cylinders and four (4) 200 ton capacity Hillman Rollers. The components are used for the lifting and moving of calorimeters. R. Wands is doing the Ansys analysis based on 2 conditions: (1) Statically loaded on the transporter support corner; and (2) Loaded on 3 Hilman's with 1 Hilman removed.

The TMX-U ECRH System underwent many extensive changes during the last two years of physics operations. These changes included extensive use of fiber optics and computer control to add flexibility to the system and eliminate noise problems, upgrades to Varian Model VGA-8050M long pulse gyrotron tubes, the addition of gyrotron anode-modulation for better control of individual gyrotrons, and the installation of a fifth gyrotron socket that was used to simultaneously heat both the east and west inner 10 KG locations. This paper discusses the different modifications made to the system and their effects on the overall performance of the entire ECRH system. The paper also discusses the system as it presently exists and possible modifications that would be made if the future modifications were to be performed. 3 refs., 2 figs.

In this paper, a general overview of the MTX plasma diagnostics system is given. This includes a description of the MTX machine configuration and the overall facility layout. The data acquisition system and techniques for diagnostic signal transmission are also discussed. In addition, the diagnostic instruments planned for both an initial ohmic-heating set and a second FEL-heating set are described. The expected range of plasma parameters along with the planned plasma measurements will be reviewed. 7 refs., 5 figs.