It is popular to discuss low energy physics in lattice gauge theory ill terms of the small eigenvalues of the lattice Dirac operator. I play with some ensuing pitfalls in the interpretation of these eigenvalue spectra. In short, thinking about the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator in the presence of gauge fields can give some insight, for example the elegant Banks-Casher picture for chiral symmetry breaking. Nevertheless, care is necessary because the problem is highly non-linear. This manifests itself in the non-intuitive example of how adding flavors enhances rather than suppresses low eigenvalues. Issues involving zero mode suppression represent one facet of a set of connected unresolved issues. Are there non-perturbative ambiguities in quantities such as the topological susceptibility? How essential are rough gauge fields, i.e. gauge fields on which the winding number is ambiguous? How do these issues interplay with the quark masses? I hope the puzzles presented here will stimulate more thought along these lines.

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Based on the measured four-dimensional rate for D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} {phi}e{sup +}{nu}{sub e} decays, they have determined the ratios of the three hadronic form factors, {tau}{sub V} = V(0)/A{sub 1}(0) = 1.636 {+-} 0.067 {+-} 0.038 and {tau}{sub 2} = A{sub 2}(0)/A{sub 1}(0) = 0.705 {+-} 0.056 {+-} 0.029, using a simple pole ansatz for the q{sup 2} dependence, with fixed values of the pole masses for both the vector and axial form factors. By a separate fit to the same data, they have also extracted the pole mass for the axial form factors, m{sub A}: {tau}{sub V} = V(0)/A{sub 1}(0) = 1.633 {+-} 0.081 {+-} 0.068, {tau}{sub 2} = A{sub 2}(0)/A{sub 1}(0) = 0.711 {+-} 0.111 {+-} 0.096 and m{sub A} = (2.53{sub -0.35}{sup +0.54} {+-} 0.54)GeV/c{sup 2}.

The authors present measurements of time-dependent CP-violation asymmetries for the decays B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}'K{sup 0}. The data sample corresponds to 347 million B{bar B} pairs produced by e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance in the PEP-II collider, and collected with the BABAR detector. The preliminary results are S = 0.55 {+-} 0.11 {+-} 0.02, and C = -0.015 {+-} 0.07 {+-} 0.03, where the first error quoted is statistical, the second systematic.

We present a search for D{sup 0}-{bar D}{sup 0} mixing in the decays D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} using 230.4 fb{sup -1} of data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} collider at SLAC. Assuming CP conservation, we measure the time-integrated mixing rate R{sub M} = (0.019{sub -0.015}{sup +0.016}(stat.) {+-} 0.002(syst.))%, and R{sub M} < 0.048% at the 95% confidence level. Using a frequentist method, we estimate that the data are consistent with no mixing at the 4.3% confidence level. We present results both with and without the assumption of CP conservation. By combining the value of R{sub M} from this analysis with that obtained from an analysis of the decays D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0}, we find R{sub M} = (0.020{sub -0.010}{sup +0.011})%, where the uncertainty is statistical only. We determine the upper limit R{sub M} < 0.042% at the 95% confidence level, and we find the combined data are consistent with the no-mixing hypothesis at the 2.1% confidence level.

The effect of surface roughness on the secondary electron emission from a sawtooth and isosceles triangle surface in a magnetic field under electron bombardment is investigated using a Monte-Carlo method. Some of the secondary electrons emitted from the surface return to the surface within their first few gyrations, resulting in a low effective secondary electron yield. Both sawtooth and isosceles triangle surface in magnetic field can significantly reduce the secondary emission yield below the multipacting threshold with weak dependence on the size of surface and magnetic field.

Vertical beam size control is an important issue in the light source operations. The horizontal-vertical betatron coupling and vertical dispersion were measured and corrected to small values in the TLS 1.5 GeV storage ring. Estimated beam sizes are compared with the measured values. By employing an effective transverse damping system, the vertical beam blow-up due to transverse coherent instabilities, such as the fast-ion beam instability, was suppressed. As a result, the light source is very stable. In NSRRC we are designing an ultra low emittance 3-GeV storage ring and its designed vertical beam size could be as small as a few microns. The ground and mechanic vibration effects, and coherent instabilities could spoil the expected photon brightness due to blow-up of the vertical beam size if not well taken care of. The contributions of these effects to vertical beam size increase will be evaluated and the counter measures to minimize them will be proposed and reported in this paper.

We report on the experiments aimed at obtaining core temperature and density maps in direct drive implosions at the OMEGA Laser Facility using multi-monochromatic X-ray imagers. These instruments use an array of pinholes and a flat multilayer mirror to provide unique multi-spectral images distributed over a wide spectral range. Using Argon as a dopant in the DD-filled plastic shells produces emission images in the Ar He-b and Ly-b spectral regions. These images allow the retrieval of temperature and density maps of the plasma. We deployed three identical multi-monochromatic X-ray imagers in a quasi-orthogonal line-of-sight configuration to allow tomographic reconstruction of the structure of the imploding core.

We present a study of B semileptonic decays into charm final states based on 211.7 fb{sup -1} of data collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} storage ring. Using a novel technique based on the simultaneous fit of a set of variables reconstructed on the recoil of a B tagged in an hadronic decay mode, we measure the relative branching fractions {Lambda}(B{sup -} {yields} D{sup 0}{ell}{sup -}{bar {nu}}{sub {ell}}) = 0.611 {+-} 0.022 (stat.) {+-} 0.027 (syst.) and {Lambda}(B{sup -} {yields} D**{sup 0})(D{sup (*)}{pi}){ell}{sup -}{bar {nu}}{sub {ell}}/{Lambda}(B{sup -} {yields} DX{ell}{sup -}{bar {nu}}{sub {ell}}) = 0.173 {+-} 0.017 (stat.) {+-} 0.021 (syst.).

The authors present a search for D{sup 0}-{bar D}{sup 0} mixing using regions of phase space in which the rate of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0} relative to Cabibbo-favored decays D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup -} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0} is reduced. They analyze 230.4 fb{sup -1} of data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} collider at SLAC. They present results with and without the assumption of CP conservation. Assuming CP conservation, they measure the time-integrated mixing rate R{sub M} = (0.023{sub -0.014}{sup +0.018}(stat.) {+-} 0.004(syst.))%, and R{sub M} < 0.054% at the 95% confidence level. They find that the data are consistent with no mixing at the 4.5% confidence level. Considering the entire allowed phase space, they measure the branching ratio for D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0} relative to D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup -} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0} to be (0.214 {+-} 0.008(stat.) {+-} 0.008(syst.))%.

The authors presented an observation of B {yields} {eta}{prime}K*. The data sample corresponds to 232 million B{bar B} pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. They measure the branching fractions (in units of 10{sup -6}) {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime}K*{sup 0}) = 3.8 {+-} 1.1 {+-} 0.5 and {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{prime}K*{sup +}) = 4.9{sub -1.7}{sup +1.9} {+-} 0.8, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. A simultaneous fit results in the observation of B {yields} {eta}{prime}K* with {Beta}(B {yields} {eta}{prime}K*) = 4.1{sub -0.9}{sup +1.0} {+-} 0.5. They also search for B {yields} {eta}{prime}{rho} and {eta}{prime} f{sub 0}(980)(f{sub 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) with results and 90% confidence level upper limits {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{prime}{rho}{sup +}) = 8.7{sub -2.8-1.3}{sup +3.1+2.3} (< 14), {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime}{rho}{sup 0}) < 3.7, and {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}{prime} f{sub 0}(980)(f{sub 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})) < 1.5. Charge asymmetries in the channels with significant yields are consistent with zero.

The decay width and the mass of the D{sub s1}(2536){sup {+-}} have been measured via the decay channel D{sub s1}{sup {+-}} {yields} D*{sup {+-}}K{sub S}{sup 0} using 232 fb{sup -1} of data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} storage ring. The result for the decay width is {Lambda}(D{sub s1}{sup {+-}}) = (1.03 {+-} 0.05 {+-} 0.12) MeV/c{sup 2}, with the first error denoting the statistical uncertainty and the second one the systematic uncertainty. For the mass, a value of m(D{sub s1}{sup {+-}}) = (2534.85 {+-} 0.02 {+-} 0.40) MeV/c{sup 2} has been obtained. The systematic error is dominated by the uncertainty on the D*{sup {+-}} mass. The mass difference between the D{sub s1}{sup {+-}} and D*{sup {+-}} has been measured to be {Delta}m = (524.85 {+-} 0.02 {+-} 0.04) MeV/c{sup 2}.

The authors present a measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0} decays based on 348 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} events collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. They measure the direct Cp-violating asymmetry C{sub K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}} = 0.20 {+-} 0.16 {+-} 0.03 and the CP-violating asymmetry in the interference between mixing and decay S{sub K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}} = 0.33 {+-} 0.26 {+-} 0.04 where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. On the same sample, they measure the decay branching fraction, obtaining {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} K{sub S}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}) = (10.5 {+-} 0.7 {+-} 0.5) x 10{sup -6}. All results presented here are preliminary.

The authors present measurements of the branching fractions for the charmless two-body decays B{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} and B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, and a search for the decay B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -}. They include the effects of final-state radiation from the daughter mesons for the first time, and quote branching fractions for the inclusive processes B{sup 0} {yields} h{sup +}h'{sup -}n{gamma}, where h and h' are pion or kaons. The maximum value of the sum of the energies of the n undetected photons, E{sub {gamma}}{sup max}, is mode-dependent. Using a data sample of approximately 227 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider at SLAC.

We report preliminary results of a search for CPT and Lorentz violation in B{sup 0}-{bar B}{sup 0} oscillations using an inclusive dilepton sample collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II B Factory. Using a sample of 232 million B{bar B} pairs, we search for time-dependent variations in the complex CPT parameter z = z{sub 0} +z{sub 1} cos ({Omega}{cflx t} + {phi}) where {Omega} is the Earth's sidereal frequency and {cflx t} is sidereal time. We measure Imz{sub 0} = (-14.1 {+-} 7.3(stat.) {+-} 2.4(syst.)) x 10{sup -3}, {Delta}{Lambda} x Rez{sub 0} = (-7.2 {+-} 4.1(stat.) {+-} 2.1(syst.)) x 10{sup -3} ps{sup -1}, Im z{sub 1} = (-24.0 {+-} 10.7(stat.) {+-} 5.9(syst.)) x 10{sup -3}, and {Delta}{Lambda} x Re z{sub 1} = (-18.8 {+-} 5.5(stat.) {+-} 4.0(syst.)) x 10{sup -3} ps{sup -1}, where {Delta}{Lambda} is the difference between the decay rates of the neutral B mass eigenstates. The statistical correlation between the measurements of Imz{sub 0} and {Delta}{Lambda} x Rez{sub 0} is 76%; between Imz{sub 1} and {Delta}{Lambda} x Rez{sub 1} it is 79%. These results are used to evaluate expressions involving coefficients for Lorentz and CPT violation in the general Lorentz-violating standard-model extension. In a complementary approach, we …

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This paper presents analysis of the life-cycle costs for individual households and the aggregate energy and economic impacts from potential energy efficiency improvements in U.S. residential furnaces. Most homes in the US are heated by a central furnace attached to ducts for distributing heated air and fueled by natural gas. Electricity consumption by a furnace blower is significant, comparable to the annual electricity consumption of a major appliance. Since the same blower unit is also used during the summer to circulate cooled air in centrally air conditioned homes, electricity savings occur year round. Estimates are provided of the potential electricity savings from more efficient fans and motors. Current regulations require new residential gas-fired furnaces (not including mobile home furnaces) to meet or exceed 78 percent annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE), but in fact nearly all furnaces sold are at 80 percent AFUE or higher. The possibilities for higher fuel efficiency fall into two groups: more efficient non-condensing furnaces (81 percent AFUE) and condensing furnaces (90-96 percent AFUE). There are also options to increase the efficiency of the furnace blower. This paper reports the projected national energy and economic impacts of requiring higher efficiency furnaces in the future. Energy savings vary …

A preliminary measurement of the q{sup 2} dependence of the D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup -}e{sup +}{nu}{sub e} decay rate is presented. This rate is proportional to the hadronic form factor squared, specified by a single parameter. This is either the mass in the simple pole ansatz m{sub pole} = (1.854 {+-} 0.016 {+-} 0.020) GeV/c{sup 2} or the scale in the modified pole ansatz {alpha}{sub pole} = 0.43 {+-} 0.03 {+-} 0.04. The first error refers to the statistical, the second to the systematic uncertainty.

The Double Bend Achromatic (DBA) and the Triple Bend Achromatic (TBA) lattice have been studied rather extensively for use for the NSLS-II storage ring. The advantage of the TBA compared to the DBA in terms of emittance per period is well known. However, the DBA has the advantage of greater number of ID straight sections for the users and maybe easier to tune the dispersive section for reduced chromatic sextupole strength. We present a comparison of these lattices based on optimization of the non-linear driving terms using high order achromatic cancellation of driving terms of the nonlinear lattice.

This proposal funded the 19th Annual National Conference of Black Physics Students. This conference provided physics students with the opportunity to interact with world-class researchers and the facilities at which they work. The conference supports the well established need for the US to foster a larger and stronger scientific workforce through the recruitment and retention of science and engineering students.

The authors present preliminary measurements of the Cp asymmetries and branching fractions for B {yields} {pi}{pi} and B {yields} K{pi} decays. A total of 347 million B{bar B} events collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collider at SLAC are used for these results.

This report demonstrates a computer simulation model for single-null diverted plasma configurations that include simultaneous interaction of the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma with toroidally symmetric main-chamber limiter surfaces and divertor plate surfaces. The simulations use the UEDGE code which treats the SOL plasma and recycled neutrals as two-dimensional toroidally symmetric fluids. The spatial domain can include field lines that intersect main chamber surfaces in the far scrape-off layer, which allows the model to include simultaneous plasma contact with both divertor and main chamber targets. Steady-state simulation results for low-density L-mode plasma discharges in DIII-D show that total core fueling increases by about 70 percent when the separatrix-baffle gap is reduced from 6 cm to 3 cm. The additional core fueling is due to neutrals which originate from the ion particle flux incident on the upper outer divertor baffle.

The photon spectrum in B {yields} X{sub s}{gamma} decay, where X{sub s} is any strange hadronic state, is studied using a data sample of 88.5 x 10{sup 6} e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. The partial branching fraction, {Delta}{Beta}(B {yields} X{sub s}{gamma}) = (3.67 {+-} 0.29(stat.) {+-} 0.34(sys.) {+-} 0.29(model)) x 10{sup -4}, the first moment <E{sub {gamma}}> = 2.288 {+-} 0.025 {+-} 0.017 {+-} 0.015 GeV and the second moment <E{sub {gamma}}{sup 2}> = 0.0328 {+-} 0.0040 {+-} 0.0023 {+-} 0.0036 GeV{sup 2} are measured for the photon energy range 1.9 GeV < E{sub {gamma}} < 2.7 GeV. They are also measured for narrower E{sub {gamma}} ranges. The moments are then fit to recent theoretical calculations to extract the Heavy Quark Expansion parameters, m{sub b} and {mu}{sub {pi}}{sup 2}, and to extrapolate the partial branching fraction to E{sub {gamma}} > 1.6 GeV. In addition, the direct CP asymmetry A{sub CP}(B {yields} X{sub s+d{gamma}}) is measured to be -0.110 {+-} 0.115(stat.) {+-} 0.017(sys.).