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Chronic Disease in Texas, Number 1, January 2002
Newsletter of the Texas Department of Health's Bureau of Chronic Disease and Tobacco Prevention discussing chronic diseases in Texas, this edition focuses on colorectal cancer.
Date:
January 2002
Creator:
Texas. Department of Health.
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Clean Texas Progress Report
"This report is about creating partnerships among businesses, governments, and organizations, partnerships that foster good relationships; reward environmental performance; and create a healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable Texas for everyone who lives, works, and visits here" (p. 3).
Date:
2002
Creator:
Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission
Object Type:
Report
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Cloud Remote Sensing with Sideways-Looks : Theory and First Results Using Multispectral Thermal Imager Data
In operational remote sensing, the implicit model for cloud geometry is a homogeneous plane-parallel slab of infinite horizontal extent. Each pixel is indeed processed as if it exchanged no radiant energy whatsoever with its neighbors. The shortcomings of this conceptual model have been well documented in the specialized literature but rarely mitigated. The worst-case scenario is probably high-resolution imagery where dense isolated clouds are visible, often both bright (reflective) and dark (transmissive) sides being apparent from the same satellite viewing angle: the low transmitted radiance could conceivably be interpreted in plane-parallel theory as no cloud at all. An alternative to the plane-parallel cloud model is introduced here that has the same appeal of being analytically tractable, at least in the diffusion limit: the spherical cloud. This new geometrical paradigm is applied to radiances from cumulus clouds captured by DOE's Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI). Estimates of isolated cloud opacities are a necessary first step in correcting radiances from surface targets that are visible in the midst of a broken-cloud field. This type of advanced atmospheric correction is badly needed in remote sensing applications such as nonproliferation detection were waiting for a cloud-free look in the indefinite future is not a viable …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Davis, A. B. (Anthony B.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CMEs at High Northern Latitudes During Solar Maximum : Ulysses and SOHO Correlated Observations.
From September through November 2001, Ulysses was almost continuously immersed in polar coronal hole (CH) flow during its northern polar pass of the Sun. For much of this time, the flow was fast (> 700 km/s) and steady, quite similar to the steady unstructured flow observed during Ulysses first polar orbit near solar minimum. During the three months Ulysses transited the northern polar CH it observed 5 coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Of these, two were clearly over-expanding and two were at least partially driven by overexpansion. The phenomenon of over-expansion was frequently observed at high latitudes during Ulysses first orbit. The recurrence of over-expanding CMEs during the second orbit at high latitudes indicates that this is a phenomenon apparently unique to and typical of CMEs embedded in polar CH flow. Ulysses was nearly above the solar limb during this three-month interval, providing an opportunity to use LASCO/SOHO observations to study the initial velocity profiles of the CMEs observed further out by Ulysses. These initial conditions were used as inputs into a hydrodynamic code, the results of which are reported here.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Reisenfeld, D. B. (Daniel B.); Gosling, J. T. (John Thomas); Steinberg, J. T (John T.); Riley, P. (Pete); Forsyth, R. J. & St. Cyr, Orville Chris,
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CO adsorption and kinetics on well-characterized Pd films on Pt(111) in alkaline solutions
The electrochemistry of CO on a bare Pt(111) electrode as well as a Pt(111) electrode modified with pseudomorphic thin palladium films has been studied in alkaline solution by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. First Pd films were prepared and well characterized in UHV and subsequently transferred into the electrochemical cell for the registration of the voltammetric profiles. The charge corresponding to the formation of underpotentially deposited hydrogen (H{sub upd}) on these Pt(111)-xPd surfaces was established in sulfuric acid solution as a function of x (0 {le} x {le} 1 Pd monolayer (ML)). All subsequent measurements were then performed on electrochemically deposited palladium films using the above H{sub upd}-charge vs. Pd coverage relationship to evaluate the amount of electrochemically deposited palladium. FTIR spectra for CO adsorbed on one monolayer and a submonolayer coverage are compared to those of the unmodified Pt(111) surface, all surfaces having identical 2D lattice structures. Infrared absorption bands of CO bound on either Pt(111) or Pt(111)-1ML Pd are clearly distinguished. Spectra of CO adsorbed on Pd submonolayers show characteristic features of both CO bound to Pt and to Pd, indicating that on Pt(111)-xPd surfaces there is no coupling between Pt-CO{sub ad} and Pd-CO{sub ad} molecules. …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Arenz, M.; Stamenkovic, V.; Wandelt, K.; Ross, P.N. & Markovic, N.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
COFIRING BIOMASS WITH LIGNITE COAL
The University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center, in support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) biomass cofiring program, completed a Phase 1 feasibility study investigating aspects of cofiring lignite coal with biomass relative to utility-scale systems, specifically focusing on a small stoker system located at the North Dakota State Penitentiary (NDSP) in Bismarck, North Dakota. A complete biomass resource assessment was completed, the stoker was redesigned to accept biomass, fuel characterization and fireside modeling tests were performed, and an engineering economic analysis was completed. In general, municipal wood residue was found to be the most viable fuel choice, and the modeling showed that fireside problems would be minimal. Experimental ash deposits from firing 50% biomass were found to be weaker and more friable compared to baseline lignite coal. Experimental sulfur and NO{sub x} emissions were reduced by up to 46%. The direct costs savings to NDSP, from cogeneration and fuel saving, results in a 15- to 20-year payback on a $1,680,000 investment, while the total benefits to the greater community would include reduced landfill burden, alleviation of fees for disposal by local businesses, and additional jobs created both for the stoker system as well as from …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Schmidt, Darren D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
COFIRING OF BIOMASS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA
A project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory was completed by the Energy & Environmental Research Center to explore the potential for cofiring biomass at the University of North Dakota (UND). The results demonstrate how 25% sunflower hulls can be cofired with subbituminous coal and provide a 20% return on investment or 5-year payback for the modifications required to enable firing biomass. Significant outcomes of the study are as follows. A complete resource assessment presented all biomass options to UND within a 100-mile radius. Among the most promising options in order of preference were sunflower hulls, wood residues, and turkey manure. The firing of up to 28% sunflower hulls by weight was completed at the university's steam plant to identify plant modifications that would be necessary to enable cofiring sunflower hulls. The results indicated investments in a new equipment could be less than $408,711. Data collected from test burns, which were not optimized for biomass firing, resulted in a 15% reduction in sulfur and NO{sub x} emissions, no increase in opacity, and slightly better boiler efficiency. Fouling and clinkering potential were not evaluated; however, no noticeable detrimental effects occurred during testing. As a result of …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Hutton, Phillip N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cogging Torque Reduction in a Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine Generator: Preprint
In this paper, we investigate three design options to minimize cogging torque: uniformity of air gap, pole width, and skewing. Although the design improvement is intended for small wind turbines, it is also applicable to larger wind turbines.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Muljadi, E. & Green, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Colloid facilitated transport in fractured rock : parameter estimation and comparison with experimental data
Many contaminants in groundwater strongly interact with the immobile porous matrix, which retards their movement relative to groundwater flow. Colloidal particles, which are often present in groundwater, have a relatively small size and large specific surface area which makes it possible for them to also adsorb pollutants. The sorption of tracers to colloids may enhance their mobility in groundwater, relative to the case where colloids are not present. A class of pollutants for which colloid-facilitated transport may be of particular significance are radioactive isotopes. A major reason for why geologic repositories are considered suitable for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel is the strong affinity of many radionuclides to adsorb onto the porous matrix. Therefore, radionuclides accidentally released, would be contained in the geological media by adsorption or filtration until sufficient decay takes place. However, the presence of colloids may enhance radionuclide mobility in the groundwater, and reduce the efficiency of geologic media to act as a natural barrier.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Viswanathan, H. S. (Hari Selvi) & Wolfsberg, A. V. (Andrew V.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combination of evidence in recommendation systems characterized by distance functions
Recommendation systems for different Document Networks (DN) such as the World Wide Web (WWW), Digitnl Libarries, or Scientific Databases, often make use of distance functions extracted from relationships among documents and between documents and semantic tags. For instance, documents In the WWW are related via a hyperlink network, while documents in bibliographic databases are related by citation and collaboration networks.Furthermore, documents can be related to semantic tags such as keywords used to describe their content, The distance functions computed from these relations establish associative networks among items of the DN, and allow recommendation systems to identify relevant associations for iudividoal users. The process of recommendation can be improved by integrating associative data from different sources. Thus we are presented with a problem of combining evidence (about assochaons between items) from different sonrces characterized by distance functions. In this paper we summarize our work on (1) inferring associations from semi-metric distance functions and (2) combining evidence from different (distance) associative DN.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Rocha, L. M. (Luis Mateus)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combined space and time convergence analysis of a compressible flow algorithm
In this study, we quantify both the spatial and temporal convergence behavior simultaneously for various algorithms for the two-dimensional Euler equations of gasdynamics. Such an analysis falls under the rubric of verification, which is the process of determining whether a simulation code accurately represents the code developers description of the model (e.g., equations, boundary conditions, etc.). The recognition that verification analysis is a necessary and valuable activity continues to increase among computational fluid dynamics practicioners. Using computed results and a known solution, one can estimate the effective convergence rates of a specific software implementation of a given algorithm and gauge those results relative to the design properties of the algorithm. In the aerodynamics community, such analyses are typically performed to evaluate the performance of spatial integrators; analogous convergence analysis for temporal integrators can also be performed. Our approach combines these two usually separate activities into the same analysis framework. To accomplish this task, we outline a procedure in which a known solution together with a set of computed results, obtained for a number of different spatial and temporal discretizations, are employed to determine the complete convergence properties of the combined spatio-temporal algorithm. Such an approach is of particular interest for …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Kamm, James R.; Rider, William & Brock, Jerry S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of Shuffler and Segmented Gamma Scanner Measurements of 55-Gallon Drums Containing HEU Embedded in Varied Matrices.
Many forms of nuclear waste materials are constantly generated at Los Alamos Chemical and Metallurgical Research (CMR) Facility. For disposal, accounting of the nuclear material must be done. We were recently tasked with measuring sixteen 55-gallon drums, each containing about 150 to 250 grams of HEU. The lower two-thirds of the drums consisted mostly of paper, plastics, and other combustibles. The HEU in this bulk waste had been previously assayed using a segmented gamma scanner (SGS) and ranged from 1 to 20 grams per drum. The drums were later re-opened and specific packages of HEU waste solids, mostly polyethylene bottles filled with uranium oxide and/or fluoride, were placed on top of the bulk waste. The number of bottles ranged from one to seven with an additional {sup 235}U mass between 150 to 230 grams per drum. Although many of these additional mass values were based on results from an old chemical analysis, they are expected to be reasonably accurate. We counted the drums on the SGS and shuffler instruments. The results were biased low on the SGS which was calibrated for normal combustible waste (not bottles embedded in waste) and biased high on the shuffler calibrated for small cans of …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Hurd, J. R. (Jon R.); Grimes, L. V. (Linda V.); Gomez, C. D. (Cipriano D.); FitzPatrick, J. R. (John R.); Vigil, G. M. (Georgiana M.); Tobin, S. J. (Stephen J.) et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of TCP automatic tuning techniques for distributed computing
Rather than painful, manual, static, per-connection optimization of TCP buffer sizes simply to achieve acceptable performance for distributed applications, many researchers have proposed techniques to perform this tuning automatically. This paper first discusses the relative merits of the various approaches in theory, and then provides substantial experimental data concerning two competing implementations - the buffer autotuning already present in Linux 2.4.x and 'Dynamic Right-Sizing.' This paper reveals heretofore unknown aspects of the problem and current solutions, provides insight into the proper approach for various circumstances, and points toward ways to further improve performance. TCP, for good or ill, is the only protocol widely available for reliable end-to-end congestion-controlled network communication, and thus it is the one used for almost all distributed computing. Unfortunately, TCP was not designed with high-performance computing in mind - its original design decisions focused on long-term fairness first, with performance a distant second. Thus users must often perform tortuous manual optimizations simply to achieve acceptable behavior. The most important and often most difficult task is determining and setting appropriate buffer sizes. Because of this, at least six ways of automatically setting these sizes have been proposed. In this paper, we compare and contrast these tuning methods. …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Weigle, Eric H. & Feng, Wu-Chun
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of the Genesis solar wind regime algorithm results with solar wind composition observed by ACE
Launched on 8 August 2001, the NASA Genesis mission is now collecting samples of the solar wind in various materials, and will return those samples to Earth in 2004 for analysis. A primary science goal of Genesis is the determination of the isotopic and elemental composition of the solar atmosphere from the solar wind material returned. In particular, Genesis will provide measurements of those species that are not provided by solar and in situ observations. We know from in situ measurements that the solar wind exhibits compositional variations across different types of solar wind flows. Therefore, Genesis exposes different collectors to solar wind originating from three flow types: coronal hole, coronal mass ejection (CME), and interstream flows. Flow types are identified using in situ measurements of solar wind protons, alphas, and electrons from electrostatic analyzers carried by Genesis. The flow regime selection algorithm and subsequent collector deployment on Genesis act autonomously. We present an assessment of composition variations of O, He, and Mg ions observed by ACE/SWICS concurrent with Genesis observations, and compare these to the Genesis algorithm decisions. Not only does this serve as a test of the algorithm, the compilation of composition vs. regime will be important for …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Reisenfeld, D. B. (Daniel B.); Steinberg, J. T (John T.); Barraclough, B. L. (Bruce L.); Dors, E. E. (Eric E.); Weins, R. C. (Roger C.); Neugebauer, Marcia et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Competitive binding of plutonium and americium with bone mineral and novel chelating agents
Effective direct removal of actinides such as Pu and Am from bone in vivo has not been accomplished to date, even with the strong chelating agents CaNa{sub 3}DTPA or ZnNa{sub 3}DTPA. This study, using an established in vitro system, compared removal of Pu and Am bound to bone mineral by ZnNa{sub 3}DTPA and 10 chelating agents designed specifically to sequester actinides, including Pu and Am. Ligands tested were tetra-, hexa, and octadentate with linear or branched backbones containing sulfocatechol [CAM(S)], hydroxycatechol [CAM(C)], hydroxipyridinone (1,2-HOPO, Me-3,2-HOPO), or hydroxamate functional groups. The wide range of Pu and Am removal exhibited by the test ligands generally agreed with their metal coordination and chemical properties. The most effective agents for Pu (100 {micro}M concentration, 24-48 h contact) are all octadentate as follows: 3,4,3-LICAM(S) (54% unbound), 3,4,3-LICAM(C) (6.2%), 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) (3.8%), H(2,2)-(Me-3,2-HOPO) (2.2%) and DFO-(1,2-HOPO) (1.8%). The other ligands removed less than 1% of the bound Pu, and ZnNa{sub 3}DTPA removed only 0.086%. The most effective ligands for Am removal (100 {micro}M, 24-48 h contact) are as follows: octadentate H(2,2)-(Me-3,2-HOPO) (21% unbound), 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) (14.5%), and 3,4,3-LICAM(C) (5.9%), hexadentate TREN-(Me-3,2-HOPO) and TREN-(1,2-HOPO) (9.6%), and tetradentate 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO) (5.2%). Am removal by ZnNa{sub 3}DTPA was about 1.4%. Among the …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Guilmette, Ray A.; Hakimi, R.; Durbin, P. W.; Xu, J. & Raymond, K. N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Complex particle and light fragment emission in the cascade-excitation model of nuclear reactions
A brief description of our improvements and refinements that led from the CEM95 version of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) code to CEM97 and to CEM2k is given. The increased accuracy and predictive power of the code CEM2k are shown by several examples. To describe fission and light-fragment (heavier than {sup 4}He) production, the CEM2k code has been merged with the GEM2 code of Furihata. We present some results on proton-induced fragmentation and fission reactios predicted by this extended version of CEM2k. We show that merging CEM2k with GEM2 allows us to describe many fission and fragmentation reactions in addition to the spallation reactions which are already relatively well described.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Mashnik, S. G. (Stepan G.); Sierk, A. J. (Arnold J.) & Gudima, K. K. (Konstantin K.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compressed Air System Retrofit Increases Productivity at a Petroleum Packaging Facility.
This case study highlights a compressed air improvement project implemented at the Mobil lubricating-blending plant in Vernon, California. The project reduced the plant's energy production and maintenance costs, and increased reliability due to increased efficiency of the compressed air system.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Technologies.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compressed Air System Retrofitting Project Improves Productivity at a Foundry. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Metal Casting BestPractices Project Case Study
This case study highlights International Truck and Engine Corporation's optimization project on the compressed air system that serves its foundry, Indianapolis Casting Corporation. Due to the project's implementation, the system's efficiency was greatly improved, allowing the foundry to operate with less compressor capacity, which resulted in reduced energy consumption, significant maintenance savings, and more reliable production.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Technologies.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compressed Air System Upgrade Results in Substantial Energy Savings. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) BestPractices Project Case Study
This case study highlights a compressed air system upgrade at BWX Technologies manufacturing plant in Lynchburg, Virginia, which replaced antiquated compressors and dryers and implemented an improved control strategy, resulting in improved energy efficiency and savings in energy and maintenance costs.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
United States. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Office of Industrial Technologies.
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Compressive properties of PBXN-110 and its HTPB binder as a function of temperature and strain rate
The compressive constitutive strength behavior of PBXN-110 and its HTPB-based binder system was measured as a function of temperature (-55 C to +20 C) and strain rate (10{sup -3} and 2000 s{sup -1}). PBXN-110 is a plastic bonded explosive (PBX) with relatively high binder content that contains 88wt% HMX and 12wt% HTPB-based binder. A pure analog of the PBXN-110 binder system was tested for comparison to the strain rate and temperature dependence of the composite PBXN-110. As expected, the strength of PBXN-110 was found to exhibit strong temperature and strain rate dependence, attributable to the large fraction of the very soft HTPB binder. The strength of the pure HTPB binder analog was challenging to measure using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) because of its extreme softness, however satisfactory results were obtained at and below room temperature by optimizing the SHPB technique. These measurements provide the basis to develop and validate predictive material strength models for PBXN-110.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Blumenthal, W. R. (William R.); Thompson, D. G. (Darla G.); Cady, C. M. (Carl McElhinney); Gray, G. T. (George T.), III & Idar, D. J. (Deanne J.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computational modeling and analysis of a flow in a storage room
When a radioactive material gas is accidentally released with a room, the present of the hazardous gas will directly affect the people safety inside. In this study, the flow field and gas dispersion in a ventilated tritium storage room at Los Alamos National Laboratory was simulated using CFX-5.5, a commercially available CFD package using a finite volume methodology. CFD models provide a simultaneously numerical solution of continuity, Navier-Stokes, and energy equations for a flow field geometry with specified boundary conditions. CFX-5 uses a coupled solver, which solves the hydrodynamic equations (for u, v, w, p) as a single system. This reduces the number of iterations required for convergence to a steady state, and to a transient analysis solution for each time step in time-dependant gas dispersion as well.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Chen, Z. (Zukun); Konecni, S. (Snezana) & Whicker, J. J. (Jeffrey J.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Computational modeling and experimental characterization of indoor aerosol transport
When a hazardous aerosol or gas is inadvertently or deliberately released in an occupied facility, the airborne material presents a hazard to people. Inadvertent accidents and exposures continue to occur in Los Alamos and other nuclear facilities despite state-of-art engineering and administrative controls, and heightened diligence. Despite the obvious need in occupational settings and for homeland defense, the body of research in hazardous aerosol dispersion and control in large, complex, ventilated enclosures is extremely limited. The science governing generation, transport, inhalation, and detection of airborne hazards is lacking and must be developed to where it can be used by engineers or safety professionals in the prediction of worker exposure, in the prevention of accidents, or in the mitigation of terrorist actions. In this study, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, CFX5.4, and experiments were used to assess flow field characteristics, and to investigate aerosol release and transport in a large, ventilated workroom in a facility at Savannah River Site. Steady state CFD results illustrating a complex, ventilation-induced, flow field with vortices, velocity gradients, and quiet zones are presented, as are time-dependent CFD and experimental aerosol dispersion results. The comparison of response times between CFD and experimental results was favorable. …
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Konecni, S. (Snezana); Whicker, J. J. (Jeffrey J.) & Martin, R. A. (Richard A.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Consider Steam Turbine Drives for Rotating Equipment: Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Steam Tip Fact Sheet No.21
Steam turbines are well suited as prime movers for driving boiler feedwater pumps, forced or induced-draft fans, blowers, air compressors, and other rotating equipment. This service generally calls for a backpressure non-condensing steam turbine. The low-pressure steam turbine exhaust is available for feedwater heating, preheating of deaerator makeup water, and/or process requirements.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Consideration of environmental and operational variability for damage diagnosis
Damage diagnosis is a problem that can be addressed at many levels. Stated in its most basic form, the objective is to ascertain simply if damage is present or not. In a statistical pattern recognition paradigm of this problem, the philosophy is to collect baseline signatures from a system to be monitored and to compare subsequent data to see if the new 'pattern' deviates significantly from the baseline data. Unfortunately, matters are seldom as simple as this. In reality, structures will be subjected to changing environmental and operational conditions that will affect measured signals. In this case, there may be a wide range of normal conditions, and it is clearly undesirable to signal damage simply because of a change in the environment. In this paper, a unique combination of time series analysis, neural networks, and statistical inference techniques is developed for damage classification explicitly taking into account these natural variations of the system in order to minimize false positive indication of true system changes.
Date:
January 1, 2002
Creator:
Sohn, H. (Hoon); Worden, K. & Farrar, C. R. (Charles R.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library