Dynamic Information Architecture System (DIAS) is a flexible, extensible, object-based framework for developing and maintaining complex multidisciplinary simulations of a wide variety of application contexts. The modeling domain of a specific DIAS-based simulation is determined by (1) software Entity (domain-specific) objects that represent the real-world entities that comprise the problem space (atmosphere, watershed, human), and (2) simulation models and other data processing applications that express the dynamic behaviors of the domain entities. In DIAS, models communicate only with Entity objects, never with each other. Each Entity object has a number of Parameter and Aspect (of behavior) objects associated with it. The Parameter objects contain the state properties of the Entity object. The Aspect objects represent the behaviors of the Entity object and how it interacts with other objects. DIAS extends the ''Object'' paradigm by abstraction of the object's dynamic behaviors, separating the ''WHAT'' from the ''HOW.'' DIAS object class definitions contain an abstract description of the various aspects of the object's behavior (the WHAT), but no implementation details (the HOW). Separate DIAS models/applications carry the implementation of object behaviors (the HOW). Any model deemed appropriate, including existing legacy-type models written in other languages, can drive entity object behavior. The DIAS …

We have created precise linear models of the storage ring in terms of {beta}-functions for both low-emittance and high-emittance lattices. Using these models, the {beta}-function beating corrections have been successfully applied. The lifetime was increased by 40% for the low-emittance lattice as a result of the corrections. The models allow the user to apply predictable and precise changes to the existing lattice. For example, after applying the {beta}-function corrections, the {beta}-function changes exactly coincide with the changes predicted by the model. This work would not be possible without the help provided by many APS people. In particular, one of the authors (VS) would like to thank S. Milton for stimulating and supporting the work, and M. Borland for his tremendous support with regard to the storage ring operation and software implementation.

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is the lead laboratory for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing and technology validation for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies (DOE OAAT). In this role, ANL contributes to DOE OAAT goals by setting technical targets and evaluating new technologies in a vehicle systems context, with a focus on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology. ANL employs a unique integrated process based on powerful simulation tools and experimental facilities to perform system-level tests quickly and cost-effectively. This approach allows ANL researchers to simulate a vehicle system, design an optimal control strategy, and then apply it to the real components and subsystems being evaluated. The objective is to better understand (1) component/subsystem performance and control requirements in a simulated vehicle environment and (2) the effect of control on emissions and efficiency. This process has been applied to the evaluation of a hybrid powertrain consisting of a Compression-Ignition Direct-Injection (CIDI) engine, an electric traction motor, and a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). This paper describes the testing methodology, the building of the powertrain, the control strategy used, and the analysis of results.

A source release model was developed to determine the release of contaminants into the shallow subsurface, as part of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) evaluation at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's (INEEL) Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA). The output of the source release model is used as input to the subsurface transport and biotic uptake models. The model allowed separating the waste into areas that match the actual disposal units. This allows quantitative evaluation of the relative contribution to the total risk and allows evaluation of selective remediation of the disposal units within the SDA.

Some features of SO(10) GUT models are reviewed, and a number of such models in the literature are compared. While some have been eliminated by recent neutrino data, others are presently successful in explaining the quark and lepton mass and mixing data. A short description of one very predictive model is given which illustrates some of the features discussed. Future tests of the models are pointed out including one which contrasts sharply with those models based on an L{sub e}-L{sub {mu}}-L{sub {tau}} type symmetry.

The deposition of carbon from carbonaceous gaseous environments is prevalent in many chemical and petrochemical processes such as reforming systems, syngas production systems, iron reduction plants, and others. One of the major consequences of carbon deposition is the degradation of structural materials by a phenomenon known as metal dusting. There are two major issues of importance in metal dusting. First is formation of carbon and subsequent deposition of carbon on metallic materials. Second is the initiation of metal dusting degradation of the alloy. Details are presented on a research program that is underway at Argonne National Laboratory to study the metal dusting phenomenon from a fundamental scientific base involving laboratory research in simulated process conditions and field testing of materials in actual process environments. The project has participation from the US chemical industry, alloy manufacturers, and the Materials Technology Institute, which serves the chemical process industry.

Several heterogeneous catalytic reactions show size dependence, whereby the specific rate changes with the average diameter of supported metal particles in the nanometer range. Geometric arguments relating the size dependence to the relative concentration of active sites on idealized crystal particles cannot account for all the observed results. In an effort to overcome the geometric limitations of supported particles, the authors had previously created novel supported metal catalysts called Layered Synthetic Microstructures (LSMs) by the physical vapor deposition of alternating thin films of Ni and silica onto 3-in. Si wafer substrates. Subsequent lithography followed by wet etching left an array of micron-sized towers. Relative catalytic rate measured for ethane hydrogenolysis showed that LSMs produced similar size effects as previously found with supported particles. In the current work, experiments were accomplished using LSMs with a wider range of metals (Ni, Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru, etc.) and supports (SiO{sub 2} and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}). Dry etching with Ar ions was used. It was found that a distinction can be made between several types of size effects due to the well-defined geometry of LSM catalysts. Rates in some systems are truly size dependent, while in other systems rates are clearly dependent on the …

Soft x-ray lithography technology has been applied to fabrication of phase shifting Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP's) for hard x-rays. Effects of the exposure conditions, developing system, and electroplating process parameters on line width and aspect ratio have been analyzed. The process has been optimized and an aspect ratio of 11 has been achieved for 110 nm outermost zone width. SEM and AFM have been used for preliminary metrology of the FZPs. The FZP optical performance was characterized at 8 keV photon energy at the 2-ID-D beam line at the Advanced Photon Source. Focusing efficiencies of 23% for FZPs apertures to 100 microns and 18% for 150-micron-diameter apertures have been obtained. The parameters of the fabricated FZP are in good agreement with the predicted values.

As the EB Tile Calorimeter is constructed, the support saddles and the modules will be subjected to different forces, stresses, and deflections than when completely assembled. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the forces, stresses, and deflections acting on the support saddles and modules at various stages of assembly.

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In this contributions to the proceedings of the HCP conference I will give a brief overview on the CDF upgrade for Run II relevant to top quark physics analyses. I will discuss the CDF top physics program, with particular emphasis to the search for single top quark production. This includes a review of single top quark analyses in Run I.

The paper gives the theory of magnetic propulsion of liquid lithium streams and their stability in tokamaks. In the approximation of a thin flowing layer the MHD equations are reduced to one integro-differential equation which takes into account the propulsion effect, viscosity and the drag force due to magnetic pumping and other interactions with the magnetic field. A criterion is obtained for the stabilization of the ''sausage'' instability of the streams by centrifugal force.

This document has supported the technical basis for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) of the Savannah River Site since the DWPF began radioactive operation in 1996. The purpose of this report is to provide the technical basis for the Product Composition Control System.

A two-particle azimuthal correlation analysis of the PHENIX data taken at {radical}s{sub NN} = 130 GeV/c is discussed. A comparison of the magnitude of v{sub 2}(p{perpendicular}) extracted from the correlation analysis with those obtained from a reaction plane analysis by the STAR collaboration, indicate surprisingly small non-flow contributions. A similar comparison obtained from the CERES experiment at {radical}s{sub NN} = 17 GeV/c shows stronger non-flow contributions for a similar p{perpendicular}-range which can be attributed to the presence of mini-jets. It is argued that for the p{perpendicular}-range below 2-3 GeV/c the RHIC results may be indicative of a novel particle production mechanism related to low-x gluon saturation.

This report summarizes the results of a feasibility study that evaluated solidification as an alternative treatment for organic waste.

The U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program is running a small network of 915-MHz radar wind profilers (RWPs) at its Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed site in northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas. Seasonal migration of passerines may cause significant interference with the operation of 915-MHz RWPs. The extent of this ''bird jamming'' depends on the radar's parameters, the place of deployment, the season, and the time of day. This poster presents a new diagnostic method for detecting possible bird contamination in RWP data, along with an evaluation of the method using a three-year data set for two RWPs.

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The paper explores the motivation for the transition to a nuclear/hydrogen system. For such a transition to be successful the technologies employed must be able to generate enough hydrogen to displace a significant fraction of the petroleum fuels used in the transportation and process heat sectors. This hydrogen must be generated in a manner that is compatible with the environment and independent of foreign fuels. Nuclear energy, along with contributions from wind, solar, and geothermal resources meet the criteria of environmental compatibility and resource independence. However, nuclear energy is the only one of these sources that has a high enough energy density to generate copious quantities of hydrogen. The status of the relevant nuclear and hydrogen technologies are discussed and how they are coupled to bring about a transition to a nuclear/hydrogen system. Should the world adopt such a system then the growth rate of nuclear energy would greatly accelerate. With an accelerated growth for nuclear energy the uranium resources would be depleted in a few decades with the once through fuel cycle currently in use. It is pointed out that deployment of fast breeder reactors would become important in the nearer term.

A collaboration has been established among the three highest energy storage ring synchrotron light sources: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) (6 GeV), Advanced Photon Source (APS) (7 GeV), and Super Photon Ring (SPring-8) (8 GeV). The goal is to enhance understanding of impedance and beam instability characteristics for present performance and future machine development. In this paper, we compare the beam instability characteristics of the three rings and present a preliminary discussion of the similarities and differences. Topics for future, in-depth study, such as comparing the effect on the beam of in-vacuum insertion devices (IDs) and small-gap chambers, will be described.

In this paper, we describe FOBS: a simple user-level communication protocol designed to take advantage of the available bandwidth in a high-bandwidth, high-delay network environment. We compare the performance of FOBS with that of TCP both with and without the so-called Large Window extensions designed to improve the performance of TCP in this type of network environment. We show that FOBS can obtain on the order of 90% of the available bandwidth across both short- and long-haul high-performance network connections. For the long-haul connection, the bandwidth obtained was 1.8 times higher than that of the optimized TCP algorithm. Also, we demonstrate that the additional traffic placed on the network because of the greedy nature of the algorithm is quite reasonable, representing approximately 3% of the total data transferred.

A DOE Tank Focus Area program to assess possible means of increasing Defense Waste Processing Facility Melter melt rate was initiated in FY01. A lumped parameter comparison of DWPF data with earlier pilot scale data indicated that melter capacity for a given feed was limited by overheating of the glass immediately under the reacting feed.

An extension of the model developed in FY01 for predicting equilibrium distribution ratios in the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process is presented here. Motivation for extending the model arose from the need to predict extraction performance of the recently optimized solvent composition and the desire to include additional waste components. This model involves the extraction of cesium and potassium from different cesium, potassium, and sodium media over a large range of concentrations. Those different media include a large variety of anions such as nitrate, hydroxide, nitrite, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, and carbonate. The model was defined based on several hundreds of experimental data points and predicted satisfactorily the cesium extraction from five different SRS waste simulants. This process model encompassed almost exclusively 1:1:1 metal:anion:ligand species. Fluoride, sulfate, and carbonate species were found to be very little extractable, and their main impact is reflected through their activity effects. This model gave a very good cesium and potassium extraction prediction from sodium salts, which is what is needed when trying to predict the behavior from actual waste. However, the extraction from potassium or cesium salts, and the extraction of sodium could be improved, and some additional effort was devoted to improve the thermodynamic …

Three test instruments are being evaluated to determine the feasibility of using photo-acoustic technology for measuring unburned carbon in fly ash. The first test instrument is a single microwave frequency system previously constructed to measure photo-acoustic signals in an off-line configuration. This system was assembled and used to begin testing parameters thought to be influential in the resulting photo-acoustic signal output. A standard modulation frequency was chosen based upon signal to noise data gained from experimentation. Sample heterogeneity was tested and found not to be influential. Many other tests were performed during the second quarter. Preliminary results show that compression and photo-acoustic volume have an impact on photo-acoustic signal. Conclusions regarding the data for sample bulk density, temperature, humidity, moisture content, and linearity are pending further review. Conclusions for ambient temperature and humidity are pending further review as well. Simultaneously, a second instrument is to be constructed based in part on lessons learned with the first instrument, and to expand the capabilities of the first instrument. Improvements include a control loop to allow more constant microwave power output and an ability to operate over a range of microwave frequencies. To date, the design of the second instrument has been completed …

''Total System Performance Assessment-License Application (TSPA-LA) Methods and Approach'' provides the top-level method and approach for conducting the TSPA-LA model development and analyses. The method and approach is responsive to the criteria set forth in Total System Performance Assessment Integration (TSPAI) Key Technical Issue (KTI) agreements, the ''Yucca Mountain Review Plan'' (CNWRA 2002 [158449]), and 10 CFR Part 63. This introductory section provides an overview of the TSPA-LA, the projected TSPA-LA documentation structure, and the goals of the document. It also provides a brief discussion of the regulatory framework, the approach to risk management of the development and analysis of the model, and the overall organization of the document. The section closes with some important conventions that are utilized in this document.