A 12-channel VMEbus-based pulse-height analysis module (open access)

A 12-channel VMEbus-based pulse-height analysis module

The author describes a 12-channel VMEbus-based pulse-height analysis board that was designed for use in a high-rate, multidetector, gamma-ray imaging system. This module was designed to minimize dead-time losses and to allow all key parameters to be software controlled. Gamma-ray detectors are connected directly to this module, eliminating the need for additional electronics.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Arnone, G. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
500 MHz neutron detector (open access)

500 MHz neutron detector

A {sup 10}B-loaded scintillation detector was built for neutron transmission measurements at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center. The efficiency of the detector is nearly 100% for neutron energies from 0 to 1 keV. The neutron moderation time in the scintillator is about 250 ns and is energy independent. The detector and data processing system are designed to handle an instantaneous rate as high as 500 MHz. The active area of the detector is 40 cm in diameter.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Yen, Yi-Fen; Bowman, J. D. & Matsuda, Y.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 International conference on nuclear waste management and environmental remediation, Prague, Czech Republic, September 5--11, 1993. Combined foreign trip report (open access)

1993 International conference on nuclear waste management and environmental remediation, Prague, Czech Republic, September 5--11, 1993. Combined foreign trip report

The purpose of the trip was to attend the 1993 International Conference on Nuclear Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. The principal objective of this conference was to facilitate a truly international exchange of information on the management of nuclear wastes as well as contaminated facilities and sites emanating from nuclear operations. The conference was sponsored by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Czech and Slovak Mechanical Engineering Societies, and the Czech and Slovak Nuclear Societies in cooperation with the Commission of the European Communities, the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the OECD Nuclear Agency. The conference was cosponsored by the American Nuclear Society, the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, the Canadian Nuclear Society, the (former USSR) Nuclear Society, and the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. This was the fourth in a series of biennial conferences, which started in Hong Kong, in 1987. This report summarizes shared aspects of the trip; however, each traveler`s observations and recommendations are reported separately.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Slate, S. C. & Allen, R. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study. (open access)

1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study.

The Loads and Resources Study is presented in three documents: (1) this summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources; (2) a technical appendix detailing forecasted Pacific Northwest economic trends and loads, and (3) a technical appendix detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared with a range of forecasted electricity consumption. The forecasted future electricity demands -- firm loads -- are subtracted from the projected capability of existing and {open_quotes}contracted for{close_quotes} resources to determine whether Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the region will be surplus or deficit. If resources are greater than loads in any particular year or month, there is a surplus of energy and/or capacity, which BPA can sell to increase revenues. Conversely, if firm loads exceed available resources, there is a deficit of energy and/or capacity, and additional conservation, contract purchases, or generating resources will be needed to meet load growth. The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study analyzes the Pacific Northwest`s projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the Federal system, for which BPA is the marketing agency; and (2) …
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix: Volume 2, Book 1, Energy. (open access)

1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix: Volume 2, Book 1, Energy.

The 1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study establishes the Bonneville Power Administration`s (BPA) planning basis for supplying electricity to BPA customers. The Loads and Resources Study is presented in three documents: (1) this technical appendix detailing loads and resources for each major Pacific and Northwest generating utility, (2) a summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources, and (3) a technical appendix detailing forecasted Pacific Northwest economic trends and loads. This analysis updates the 1992 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study Technical Appendix published in December 1992. This technical appendix provides utility-specific information that BPA uses in its long-range planning. It incorporates the following for each utility (1) Electrical demand firm loads; (2) Generating resources; and (3) Contracts both inside and outside the region. This document should be used in combination with the 1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, published in December 1993, because much of the information in that document is not duplicated here.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix: Volume 2, Book 2, Capacity. (open access)

1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, Technical Appendix: Volume 2, Book 2, Capacity.

Monthly totals of utility loads and capacities extrapolated as far as 2009 with a probability estimate of enough water resources for hydro power.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerated screening methods for determining chemical and thermal stability of refrigerant-lubricant mixtures: Part 2, Experimental comparison and verification of methods. Quarterly technical progress report, 1 July 1993--30 September 1993 (open access)

Accelerated screening methods for determining chemical and thermal stability of refrigerant-lubricant mixtures: Part 2, Experimental comparison and verification of methods. Quarterly technical progress report, 1 July 1993--30 September 1993

Research reported continued to concentrate on in situ conductivity measurements for development of an accelerated screening method for determining the chemical and thermal stabilities of refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. Tungsten rods were sealed into the round bottoms of the sealed tubes to provide electrical connections for in situ conductivity measurements. The in situ conductivity measurements were used to monitor the degradation of HFC-134a/ester oil mixtures heated at 175 C (347 F) for two days. Preliminary results indicate that the in situ conductivity measurements correlate with H-1 34a/oil degradation as determined by color measurements. A short study to evaluate the potential of in situ color measurements for development into an accelerated screening test was also performed. Initial results indicate that the in situ color measurements are not well suited for long-term, in situ degradation measurements.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Kauffman, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic-structure interaction problems. Final report (open access)

Acoustic-structure interaction problems. Final report

The purpose of this report is to compare and evaluate different numerical methods for solving problems of interaction between elastic solids and acoustic fluids. In particular, we concentrate our efforts on solution techniques involving the finite element method. To that end, in Chapter 2 we discuss different options for analysis of infinite fluids. In particular, the method of mesh trunction and the use of radiation elements and the use of infinite elements are discussed. Also discussed is the analysis of scattering from rigid boundaries. Chapter 3 is a brief discussion of finite element formulations for elastic solids. We review the development, of two dimensional plane strain elements and one dimensional plate and shell elements. In Chapter 4, there is a discussion of the method used to couple the solid and the fluid. We give examples for solution of scattering of pressure waves from thin elastic shell structures. Chapter 5 is a brief conclusion of results and includes recommendations for the best methods of solution and additional research.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Love, E. & Taylor, R.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adsorption and desorption studies of cesium on sapphire surfaces (open access)

Adsorption and desorption studies of cesium on sapphire surfaces

Adsorption/desorption were studied using combined surface analytical techniques. An approximate initial sticking coefficient for Cs on sapphire was measured using reflection mass spectrometry and found to be 0.9. Thermal Desorption Mass Spectrometry (TDMS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) were used to verify that a significant decrease in sticking coefficient occurs as the Cs coverage reaches a critical submonolayer value. TDMS analysis demonstrates that Cs is stabilized on a clean sapphire surface at temperatures (1200 K) in excess of the temperatures experienced by sapphire in a TOPAZ-2 thermionic fuel element (TFE). Surface contaminants on sapphire can enhance Cs adsorption relative to the clean surface. C contamination eliminates the high temperature state of Cs desorption found on clean sapphire but shifts the bulk of the C desorption from 400 to 620 K. Surface C is a difficult contaminant to remove from sapphire, requiring annealing above 1400 K. Whether Cs is stabilized on sapphire in a TFE environment will most likely depend on relation between surface contamination and surface structure.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Zavadil, K. R. & Ing, J. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced aerodynamic research. Final technical report (open access)

Advanced aerodynamic research. Final technical report

A two-dimensional inviscid flow-field code was developed to assess the magnitude and impact of local pressure variations on a curved planar surface. The code uses a unique formation of the governing conservation equations in curvilinear streamtube coordinates which provides automatic grid generation and step control which are transparent to the user. The code is designed for straightforward extension to mixing-coupled condensing flows. This report includes (1) descriptions of the physical model and computer code; (2) example flow-field predictions/comparisons for selected test cases, and (3) a plan for code implementation to address and evaluate the condensation phenomena.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Scriven, G. R. & Freeman, G. N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced coal conversion process demonstration. Progress report, January 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 (open access)

Advanced coal conversion process demonstration. Progress report, January 1, 1992--December 31, 1992

This report contains a description of the technical progress made on the Advanced Coal Conversion Process (ACCP) Demonstration Project from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1992. This project demonstrates an advanced thermal coal drying process, coupled with physical cleaning techniques, that is designed to upgrade high-moisture, low-rank coals to a high-quality, low-sulfur fuel, registered as the SynCoal{reg_sign} process. The coal is processed through three stages (two heating stages followed by an inert cooling stage) of vibrating fluidized bed reactors that remove chemically bound water, carboxyl groups, and volatile sulfur compounds. After drying, the coal is put through a deep-bed stratifier cleaning process to separate the pyrite-rich ash from the coal. The SynCoal{reg_sign} process enhances low-rank, western coals, usually with a moisture content of 25 to 55 percent, sulfur content of 0.5 to 1.5 percent, and heating value of 5,500 to 9,000 British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb), by producing a stable, upgraded, coal product with a moisture content as low as 1 percent, sulfur content as low as 0.3 percent, and heating value up to 12,000 Btu/lb. The 45-ton-per-hour unit is located adjacent to a unit train loadout facility at Western Energy Company`s Rosebud coal mine near Colstrip, Montana. …
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Advanced Coal Conversion Process]. Technical progress report, July 1, 1992--September 30, 1992 (open access)

[Advanced Coal Conversion Process]. Technical progress report, July 1, 1992--September 30, 1992

This report contains a description of the technical progress made on the Advanced Coal Conversion Process (ACCP) Demonstration Project from July 1, 1992, through September 30, 1992. The ACCP Demonstration Project is a US Department of Energy (DOE) Clean Coal Technology Project. The Cooperative Agreement defining this project is between DOE and the Rosebud SynCoal Partnership. This project demonstrates an advanced, thermal, coal-drying process, coupled with physical cleaning techniques, that is designed to upgrade high-moisture, low-rank coals to a high-quality, low-sulfur fuel, registered as the SynCoal{reg_sign} process. The coal is processed through three stages (two heating stages followed by an inert cooling stage) of vibrating fluidized bed reactors that remove chemically bound water, carboxyl groups, and volatile sulfur compounds. After drying, the coal is put through a deep-bed stratifier cleaning process to separate the pyrite-rich ash from the coal. The SynCoal({reg_sign} process enhances low-rank, western coals, usually with a moisture content of 25 to 55 percent, sulfur content of 0.5 to 1.5 percent, and heating value of 5,500 to 9,000 British thermal units per pound (Btu/lb), by producing a stable, upgraded, coal product with a moisture content as low as 1 percent, sulfur content as low as 0.3 percent, and …
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced qualification techniques (open access)

Advanced qualification techniques

This paper demonstrates use of the Qualified Manufacturers List (QML) methodology to qualify commercial and military microelectronics for use in space applications. QML ``builds in`` the hardness of product through statistical process control (SPC) of technology parameters relevant to the radiation response, test structure to integrated circuit (IC) correlations, and techniques for extrapolating laboratory test results to low-dose-rate space scenarios. Each of these elements is demonstrated and shown to be a cost-effective alternative to expensive end-of-line IC testing. Several examples of test structured-IC correlations are provided and recent work on complications arising from transistor scaling and geometry is discussed. The use of a 10-keV x-ray wafer-level test system to support SPC and establish ``process capability`` is illustrated and a comparison of 10-keV x-ray and Co{sup 60} gamma irradiations is provided for a wide range of CMOS technologies. The x-ray tester is shown to be cost-effective and its use in lot acceptance/qualification is recommended. Finally, a comparison is provided between MIL-STD-883D, Test Method 1019.4, which governs the testing of packaged semiconductor microcircuits in the DoD, and ESA/SSC Basic Specification No. 22900, Europe`s Total Dose Steady-State Irradiation Test Method. Test Method 1019.4 focuses on conservative estimates of MOS hardness for space and …
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Winokur, P. S; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Meisenheimer, T. L. & Fleetwood, D. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced thermally stable jet fuels. Technical progress report, July 1993--September 1993 (open access)

Advanced thermally stable jet fuels. Technical progress report, July 1993--September 1993

The Penn State program in advanced thermally stable coal-based jet fuels has five broad objectives: (1) development of mechanisms of degradation and solids formation; (2) quantitative measurement of growth of sub-micrometer and micrometer-sized particles suspended in fuels during thermal stressing; (3) characterization of carbonaceous deposits by various instrumental and microscopic methods; (4) elucidation of the role of additives in retarding the formation of carbonaceous solids; (5) assessment of the potential of production of high yields of cycloalkanes by direct liquefaction of coal. An exploratory study was conducted to investigate the pyrolysis of n-butylbenzene in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. A number of similarities to trends previously observed in high-pressure static reactions were identified. The product distribution from pyrolysis of n-tetradecane at 400{degrees}C and 425{degrees}C was investigated. The critical temperatures of a suite of petroleum- and coal-derived jet fuels were measured by a rapidly heating sealed tube method. Work has continued on refining the measurements of deposit growth for stressing mixtures of coal-derived JP-8C with tetradecane. Current work has given emphasis to the initial stages of fuel decomposition and the onset of deposition. Pretreatment of JPTS fuel with PX-21 activated carbon (50 mg of PX-21 in 15 mL JPTS) delayed …
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Schobert, H. H.; Eser, S.; Song, C.; Hatcher, P. G.; Walsh, P. M. & Coleman, M. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced turbine systems program conceptual design and product development. Quarterly report, August 1993--November 1994 (open access)

Advanced turbine systems program conceptual design and product development. Quarterly report, August 1993--November 1994

This report discusses a series of heat balance programs were developed and reviewed in a Westinghouse Engineering Department meeting. The cycle formats were reviewed and candidate conditions and components selected for additional investigations,for the selection of the Natural Gas-fired Advanced Turbines Systems (GFATS).
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Turbine Technology (ATTAP) Applications Project. 1992 Annual report (open access)

Advanced Turbine Technology (ATTAP) Applications Project. 1992 Annual report

ATTAP activities during the past year included reference powertrain design (RPD) updates, test-bed engine design and development, ceramic component design, materials and component characterization, ceramic component development and fabrication, ceramic component rig testing, and test-bed engine fabrication and testing. RPD revisions included updating the baseline vehicle as well as the turbine RPD. Comparison of major performance parameters shows that the turbine engine installation exceeds critical fuel economy, emissions, and performance goals, and meets overall ATTAP objectives.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The AFTAC model integration project: An annual progress report. Revision 1 (open access)

The AFTAC model integration project: An annual progress report. Revision 1

The EXPRESS and ADPIC models have been designed to assist emergency personnel in their response to radiological accidents. Closure on the development of an operational version of the HADPIC Modeling System (HMS), a multi-faceted application that supports the hemispheric ADPIC (HADPIC) atmospheric dispersion model on a Sun workstation, was achieved toward the end of the fiscal year. The fulfilling tasks over the period encompassed by this report included: (1) the generation of software for calculating average concentrations at arbitrary locations in the model domain and displaying isopleths of concentration and (2) the comprehensive testing of major components of the HMS using IEEE standards. Scientists for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Institute of Experimental Meteorology in Obninsk, Russia, extensively evaluated their respective models (ADPIC/U.S. and EXPRESS/Russia) using perfluorocarbon tracer data from the Across North America Tracer Experiment (ANATEX). The results of both models are reported here because of the useful insights they provide regarding limits of performance as a function of model sophistication and the quality of the input meteorology.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Rodriguez, D. J. & Moore, R. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Amorphous/crystalline structure and phase transformations in metastable semiconducting Ge{sub 1{minus}x}Sn{sub x} (open access)

Amorphous/crystalline structure and phase transformations in metastable semiconducting Ge{sub 1{minus}x}Sn{sub x}

The semiconducting crystalline alloys, Ge{sub 1{minus}x}Sn{sub x}, are of interest due to theoretical predictions about their electronic band structures which make them useful in infrared photodetectors. However the composition region where these alloys have the desired properties is greater than the equilibrium solid solubility limit of Sn in Ge (x {le} 0.01). The authors have circumvented the solubility limits and produced thin (2,000 {angstrom}) and thick (4--8 {mu}m) films of Ge{sub 1{minus}x}Sn{sub x} (x {le} 0.31) by rf sputtering. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed to study grain growth and crystallization processes in these highly metastable semiconductors. X-ray and electron diffraction measurements indicated the materials were amorphous, but the fact that some of the films were fine grained polycrystalline samples only became apparent in their DSC spectra. The authors present models that describe quantitatively the transformation behavior in both sets of films.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Lee, S. M. & Barmak, K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AMTEX: A university, government, industry, partnership (open access)

AMTEX: A university, government, industry, partnership

The AMTEX Partnership is a research and development collaboration between the US Department of Energy (DOE), the DOE`s multiprogram laboratories, universities, and the integrated textile industry. The integrated industry includes fibers, textiles, apparel, and other fabricated products. The goal of AMTEX is to strengthen the competitiveness of this vital industry and thereby preserve and create new jobs. AMTEX is a role model for government, industry and universities working together to achieve a specified goal. Under the oversight of the Laboratory Technology Transfer Program in DOE`s Office of Energy Research, the multiprogram laboratories, universities and industry are pursuing a broad, industry-driven research agenda. It combines the research and development capabilities of industry and universities with the unique expertise and facilities of the DOE laboratory system.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Anderson, L. J.; Cheatham, R. L. & Peskin, A. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The AMTEX Partnership{trademark}: A role model for US competitiveness. Quarterly report (open access)

The AMTEX Partnership{trademark}: A role model for US competitiveness. Quarterly report

The AMTEX Operating committee met at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory on December 13, 1993 and made the following key decisions and actions: endorsed the formation of an AMTEX Oversight Board, added the Government Operating Board to the AMTEX Operating Committee, created a technology area in biotechnology with a focus on genetic engineering of cotton, added the Savannah river Technology Center to the Laboratory Operating Board, initiated a strategic planning effort that will result in the development of an industry technology Roadmap and an overall AMTEX Strategic Plan. Additionally, project updates are given and a financial summary provided.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Lemon, D. K. & Quisenberry, R. K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The AMTEX Partnership{trademark}: Creating and implementing a vision (open access)

The AMTEX Partnership{trademark}: Creating and implementing a vision

The vision and creativity of the multilaboratory team nominated for a special award resulted in the AMTEX Partnership{trademark}, a pace-setting agreement between US Department of Energy national laboratories and the US textile industry. The AMTEX Partnership is a role model for America to follow that brings the resources of government to bear on industrial needs while preserving the American values of free enterprise and fairness of opportunity. Together, the nominees created an important vision of the future. They capitalized on a government-sponsored workshop that provided an opportunity for industry to hear about laboratory capabilities. At the workshop, they attracted the attention of the integrated textile industry, a major segment of US industry whose economic future is very much at risk. They listened to the industry representatives, grasped the scope and implications of the industry`s needs - and recognized the potential for large-scale collaboration. In keeping with the scale of this prospect, they guided nine national laboratories from traditional ways of technology transfer into a cooperative venture with an entire vertically integrated industry.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Liebetrau, S. F.; Erickson, M. D. & Lemon, D. K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An analog memory integrated circuit for waveform acquisition up to 900 MHz (open access)

An analog memory integrated circuit for waveform acquisition up to 900 MHz

The design and implementation of a switched-capacitor memory suitable for capturing high-speed analog waveforms is described. Highlights of the presented circuit are a 900 MHz sampling frequency (generated on chip), input signal independent cell pedestals and sampling instances, and cell gains that are insensitive to component sizes. A two-channel version of the memory with 32 cells for each channel has been integrated in a 2-{mu}m complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with poly-to-poly capacitors. The measured rms cel pedestal variation in a channel after baseline subtraction is less than 0.3 mV across the full input signal range. The cell-to-cell gain matching is better than 0.01% rms, and the nonlinearity is less than 0.03% for a 2.5-V input range. The dynamic range of the memory exceeds 13 bits, and the peak signal-to-(noise+distortion) ratio for a 21.4 MHz sine wave sampled at 900 MHz is 59 dB.
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Haller, G. M. & Wooley, B. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of deep seismic reflection and other data from the southern Washington Cascades. Final report, September 15, 1992--December 31, 1993 (open access)

Analysis of deep seismic reflection and other data from the southern Washington Cascades. Final report, September 15, 1992--December 31, 1993

This report describes results of a synthesis of geological, geological, geophysical and geochemical data from a largely volcanic rock covered region in southwestern Washington that has been identified as a underlain by thick marine sedimentary rocks. The work was funded by the Deep Source Gas projects at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC). The subproject which resulted in this report is centered in the Branch of Geophysics, US Geological Survey (USGS) has involved one task focused on the application of geophysical methods to the study of phenomena associated with fossil and active subduction zones and non-subduction suture zones that may have deeply emplaced sedimentary rocks. This report represents a summary synthesis of several geophysical and geological data sets. The Southern Washington Cascades Conductor (SWCC) has been examined using several types of data in addition to MT, seismic, magnetic, and gravity Specific geological mapping tasks have been completed trough funding by the Department of Energy and the USGS in the western part of the proposed basin near Morton, WA. Other regional geological studies using wells and outcrops done as part of the USGS Evolution of Sedimentary Basins programs have added information that constraint the possible nature of the SWCC rocks and …
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Stanley, W. D.; Johnson, S. Y. & Nuccio, V. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of Dietz`s single, rectangular pulse theory for the generation of radiation via photoelectrons (open access)

Analysis of Dietz`s single, rectangular pulse theory for the generation of radiation via photoelectrons

The generation of radiation via photoelectrons induced off of a conducting surface has been analytically modeled and computationally simulated by several researchers. This paper analyzes and compares Dietz`s theory predictions with my research to form a unified foundation of consistent, inter-supporting results that should provide confidence in the independently performed basic research and resulting scaling laws and predictions. In doing so, this paper concentrated on Dietz`s small-spot, single, rectangular, ``weak`` pulse theory and equations, which involve nonrelativistic, monoenergetic photoelectrons emitted normal to a conducting surface in vacuum. In this paper I: (1) analytically compare Dietz`s theory equations with my theory equations, (2) compare Dietz`s theoretical scaling laws with my Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code simulation results, and (3) make Dietz`s equations easier to use in predicting and optimizing photoelectron-generated radiation. As a result, it is shown that Dietz`s equations match my theory`s equations in their predicted scaling laws, differing only slightly in their coefficients and unique model parameters. Also, Dietz`s equations generally agree with the PIC code results. Finally, optimization analysis showed that theoretical conversion efficiencies for typical real metals can meet and exceed values of 10{sup {minus}5} if optimal photon energies of 15 to 20 eV are used. Even better efficiencies …
Date: December 1, 1993
Creator: Dipp, T. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library