There is no market failure that warrants utility regulation of the construction of new generating plants, the supply of energy efficiency or the purchase of fuel under contract. The natural monopoly problem applies to the distribution of electricity and gas, not to generation, energy conservation, or gas purchases. Utility regulation magnifies a market failure, which is the principal agent problem. Regulatory allowance of utilities signing long term fixed price contracts and undertaking conservation measures result in costs and risks being shifted to ratepayers that would not occur under competitive market conditions. Economic efficiency would be enhanced if cost of service regulation of electric and gas utilities were replaced by a competitive market process for the construction of new power plants, utility conservation programs and contracts to purchase fuel. Conservation measures could be supplied by energy service companies. Gas merchants could provide gas and energy conservation directly to ultimate customers, if they had access to LDC pipelines. With a competitive market established to sell gas and energy services, contracts and conservation measures would not require cost-of- service regulation.

The transpiration technique is used to measure volatilities of U from U{sub 3}O{sub 8}(s), Pu from PuO{sub 2}(s) and Pu and Am from PuO{sub 2}/2%AmO{sub 2}(s) in the presence of steam and oxygen at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1300{degree}C.

Training new users of complex machines is often an expensive and time-consuming process. This is particularly true for special purpose systems, such as those frequently encountered in DOE applications. This paper presents a computer-based training system intended as a partial solution to this problem. The system extends the basic virtual reality (VR) training paradigm by adding a multimedia component which may be accessed during interaction with the virtual environment: The 3D model used to create the virtual reality is also used as the primary navigation tool through the associated multimedia. This method exploits the natural mapping between a virtual world and the real world that it represents to provide a more intuitive way for the student to interact with all forms of information about the system.

This report discusses numerous elements of the maintenance program at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) which have undergone changes during the last 5 years. Looking back, many of the maintenance program changes prior to 1991 were fragmented. Maintenance program elements were being ratcheted to address specific productivity and safety concerns. The improvements were warranted, but often improvements were implemented without a systematic review of how they impacted other maintenance program elements. After 1990 when WINCO began using the Chapter II guidelines of DOE Order 4330.4A as a maintenance program model, there was a marked improvement in the quality of the maintenance program changes. The post 1990 changes have been part of a systematic plan that has been communicated to all of the maintenance players. The Chapter II guidelines and the maintenance implementation plan (MIP) personnel with a focus for improvement that was missing prior to 1991.

A practical description is presented of the methods used to reduce spacecraft telemetry data using a hierarchial toolkit of software programs developed for a UNIX environment. A project requiring the design, implementation and test flight of small, lightweight spacecraft was recently conducted. This spacecraft development required hundreds of tests and integrations of subsystems on several special purpose testbeds, with each test creating large amounts of telemetered data. This paper focuses on the automated analysis and reduction of data which is telemetered from one of the key subsystems, the Probe. A typical telemetry stream from a testbed run averaged 50 Megabytes of raw data, containing over 1600 system variables. The large telemetry file (raw data) sent from the Probe was decoded and decomposed into a large number of smaller Break Out Files (BOFs) containing variables with timestamps, and image files.

A long standing problem in telemetry post processing is the application of correct calibration factors to telemetered data generated on a system which has had a history of hardware changes. These calibration problems become most exacerbated when old test data is being examined and there is uncertainty as to hardware configuration at the time of the test. In this paper a mechanism for introducing a high degree of reliability in the application of calibration factors is described in an implementation done for Brilliant Pebbles Flight Experiment Three (FE-3).

An automated method is described for binding attributes to extracted data from a telemetry steam. These attributes can be used by post processing utilities to facilitate efficient analysis. A practical implementation of such a scheme is described.

A data driven telemetry system is described that responds to the rapid nature in which experimental satellite telemetry content is changed during the development process. It also meets the needs of a diverse experiment which the many phases of a mission may contain radically different types of telemetry data. The system emphasizes mechanisms for achieving high redundancy of critical data. A practical example of such an implementation, Brilliant Pebbles Flight Experiment Three (FE-3), is cited.

In the standard Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, perturbations at a shocked interface grow after the passage of a shock. Freeze-out refers to the phenomenon whereby the perturbations do not grow, i.e., freeze-out, after the passage of a shock. This is fairly straightforward, at least theoretically (no experiments have been done so far) in a doubly shocked system. The first shock induces a growth which can be completely neutralized by a second shock, provided that the direction and the strength and timing of the second shock are properly chosen. This type of double-shock freeze-out occurs in compressible as well as incompressible fluids, and is easy to understand. Somewhat more subtle is single-shock freeze-out; in the pursuit of this phenomenon, the author found that in certain cases Richtmyer`s prescription fails to give the correct growth rate.

We present a combined experimental and threshold study of effects of Sr doping on electronic structure of La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CuO{sub 4}. Electron-positron momentum distributions have been measured to high statistical precision (> 4 {times} 10{sup 8} counts) at room temperature for samples with Sr concentrations of x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.13 and 0.2. Analysis of all four spectra reveal strong features due to electron-positron wavefunction overlap, in quantitative agreement with theoretical calculations. The Sr doped samples show discontinuities consistent with presence of a Fermi surface. The form and position of these features are in general agreement with the predictions of band theory. Correspondence between theory and experiment, as well as some differences, are revealed by a detailed study of the changes in electron-position momentum density with increasing Sr doping.

Radiative corrections to the parameters of the standard electroweak model are considered in case that there is no light Higgs particle.

Radiative corrections to the parameters of the standard electroweak model are considered in case that there is no light Higgs particle.

This report consists of two separate papers. The first, ``The potential use of agricultural simulation models in predicting the fate of nitrogen and pesticides applied to switchgrass and poplars,`` describes three models (CREAMS, GLEAMS, and EPIC) for the evaluation of the relationships which determine water quality in the agroecosystem. Case studies are presented which demonstrate the utility of these models in evaluating the potential impact of alternative crop management practices. The second paper, ``Energy crops as part of a sustainable landscape,`` discusses concepts of landscape management and the linkage among agricultural practices and environmental quality.

Tests of non-local interference effects in the two-kaon system are proposed. The first kind of tests consists of measuring the amount of destructive interference between K[sub S] [yields] K[sub L] regeneration processes of two distant kaons. The second kind deals with constructive interference. These tests could be performed at an asymmetric [phi]-factory. Estimates are given of the number of events predicted by orthodox quantum mechanics and kaon regeneration theory in various suitable experimental conditions. The impact on local theories if the predictions of quantum mechanics hold is discussed.

Tests of non-local interference effects in the two-kaon system are proposed. The first kind of tests consists of measuring the amount of destructive interference between K{sub S} {yields} K{sub L} regeneration processes of two distant kaons. The second kind deals with constructive interference. These tests could be performed at an asymmetric {phi}-factory. Estimates are given of the number of events predicted by orthodox quantum mechanics and kaon regeneration theory in various suitable experimental conditions. The impact on local theories if the predictions of quantum mechanics hold is discussed.

The use of motor current signature analysis (CSA) has been established as a useful method for periodic monitoring of electrically driven equipment. CSA is, moreover, especially well suited as the basis for a dedicated continuous monitoring system in an industrial setting. This paper presents just such an application that has been developed and installed in the US government uranium enrichment plant at Portsmouth, Ohio. The system, which is designed to detect specific axial-flow compressor problems in 1700-hp gaseous diffusion compressors, is described in detail along with an explanation of detected fault conditions and the required signal manipulations. Amplitude demodulation and subsequent digital processing of motor signals sensed from area control room ammeter loops are used to accomplish the desired monitoring task. Using modified off-the-shelf multiplexing equipment, a 386-type personal computer, and special digital signal processing hardware, the system is presently configured to monitor ten compressors but is expandable to monitor more than 100. Within its first few days of operation in September 1992, the system detected a compressor problem that, when corrected, resulted in a cost avoidance of about $150,000, which more than paid for the hardware and software development costs. Finally, plans to expand system coverage in the coming …

The challenge of tuning an induction accelerator in real time has been addressed with the new TUNE GUIDE code. The code initializes a beam at a particular position using a tracer particle representation of the phase space. The particles are transported, using a matrix formulation, element by element along the beamline assuming that the field of a solenoid, or steering element is constant over its length. The other allowed elements are gaps and drift sections. A great deal of effort has been spent programming TUNE GUIDE to operate under the IBMPC Windows 3.1 system. This system features an intuitive, menu driven interface, which provides an ability to rapidly change beamline component parameter values. Consequently various accelerator setups can be explored and new values determined in real time while the accelerator is operating. In addition the code has the capability of varying a capability value over a range and then plotting the resulting beam properties, such as radius or centroid position, at a down stream position. Element parameter editing is also included along with an on-line hyper text oriented help package.

The operating principles of an Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (IFTS) are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of such instruments with respect to alternative imaging spectrometers are discussed. The primary advantages of the IFTS are the capacity to acquire more than an order of magnitude more spectral channels than alternative systems with more than an order of magnitude greater etendue than for alternative systems. The primary disadvantage of IFTS, or FTS in general, is the sensitivity to temporal fluctuations, either random or periodic. Data from the IRIFTS (ir IFTS) prototype instrument, sensitive in the infrared, are presented having a spectral sensitivity of 0.01 absorbance units, a spectral resolution of 6 cm{sup {minus}1} over the range 0 to 7899 cm{sup {minus}1}, and a spatial resolution of 2.5 mr.

We have developed a system that allows compensation of higher order phase terms that limit chirped pulse amplification systems. Results indicate phase can be compensated by a properly adjusted air-spaced doublet within the stretcher.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a US Department of Energy (DOE)` research and development (R&D) facility operated by the University of California. The R&D activities conducted at LLNL require the use of a wide variety of chemicals which are purchased in sufficient quantities to ensure that the necessary supply is on-hand to meet programmatic schedules and commitments. Purchasing control measures minimize excess inventories of unused chemicals, but small quantities of opened and unopened surplus chemicals still remain at the conclusion of research activities. Drum quantities of surplus chemicals also can be generated if a programmatic activity is abruptly terminated because of loss of funding. A real-time system was needed to route unused surplus chemicals to new experiments and programs instead of to waste treatment and disposal facilities. Representatives from four LLNL organizations (Lasers, Defense Systems/Nuclear Design, Chemistry, and Business Services) combined their skills and ideas to develop and implement an on-Ii ne surplus chemical exchange system for use at LLNL. An electronic surplus chemical bulletin board, referred to. as the ``LLNL Chemical Exchange Data Base,`` is the product of the group`s efforts.

We report on amplification of 100 fsec laser pulses to 250 mJ using flashlamp-pumped, dye converted Ti:Sapphire. The resulting 5 Hz beam is focused to irradiances in excess of 5 {times} 10{sup 18} W/cm{sup 2}.

The Status of Glueballs is presented considering that most popular candidates from among the isoscalars in the J{sup PC} = 0{sup ++}, 0{sup {minus}+} and 2{sup ++} channels. It is shown that in the 0{sup ++} channel the f{sub 0}(1720) which was discovered earlier (the S*{prime}(1720)) at BNL is highly likely the same state as the SLAC {theta}(1720) now that its spin has been found to be 0 instead of the 2 claimed for a long period. In the {sup ++} channel there is likely a complex of 2-3 states {zeta}/{eta}(1280), {lambda}/{eta}(1420) and {iota}/{eta}(1520) involving at least one extra isosclar. In the 2{sup ++}, the g{sub T}(2010), g{sub T}{prime}(2300) and g{sub T}{double_prime}(2340) {phi}{phi} states found in {pi}{sup {minus}} p {yields} {phi}{phi}n (OZI forbidden glueball filter channel) strikingly, approximately, completely break the OZI suppression and comprise within the errors all the {phi}{phi} cross-section. The only viable explanation of these states in the context of QCD is that they are produced by 1-3 primary 2{sup ++} glueballs. All alternate explanations in the past 15 years have failed.

This paper describes a genetic algorithm application to the DNA fragment assembly problems. The genetic algorithm uses a random key representation for representing the orderings of fragments. Two different fitness functions, both based on pairwise overlap strengths between fragments, were tested. The paper concludes that the genetic algorithm is a promising method for fragment assembly problems, achieving usable solutions quickly, but that the current fitness functions are flawed and that other representations might be more appropriate.

This paper describes a genetic algorithm application to the DNA fragment assembly problems. The genetic algorithm uses a random key representation for representing the orderings of fragments. Two different fitness functions, both based on pairwise overlap strengths between fragments, were tested. The paper concludes that the genetic algorithm is a promising method for fragment assembly problems, achieving usable solutions quickly, but that the current fitness functions are flawed and that other representations might be more appropriate.