States

[Waste water heat recovery system] (open access)

[Waste water heat recovery system]

The production capabilities for and field testing of the heat recovery system are described briefly. Drawings are included.
Date: April 28, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hydrodynamic controls on particle transport through heterogeneous porous media. Technical progress report (open access)

Hydrodynamic controls on particle transport through heterogeneous porous media. Technical progress report

Sophisticated models of the movement of particles, particularly bacteria and viruses, through porous media have been developed, but have met with limited success when compared to field observations some argue that the poor predictive capabilities of the models are due in part to the fact that most of the sophisticated models are tied to an assumptions of homogeneity within the flow field. In previous work, the structure of random percolation fields has been investigated and suggests application of percolation theory to heterogeneous porous media. One conclusion from this study as applied to particle transport is that as the distribution of pore throat sizes takes on variation in the third dimension, the probability of finding a continuous flow path with large throat size increases. One interpretation of this work, within the current context, leads to an argument that a saturated medium will become more open to transport of particles as the medium takes on three dimensional structure. The central hypothesis of the current project is therefore be stated: Particles which are suspended within the pore fluids of media demonstrating three-dimensional heterogeneities will be transported at higher average velocities and with less trapping than particles which are suspended in the pore fluids …
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: Silliman, S. E. & Babic, M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Filming in decontamination by mopping (open access)

Filming in decontamination by mopping

Technical assistance was provided High Level Waste Engineering in the investigation and prevention of filming during decontamination by mopping. After mopping operations in a Tank Farm application, a film of the cleaning agent sometimes remained on the surface being cleaned which interfered with monitoring to detect the presence of radioactive material. Scoping tests were conducted to investigate filming characteristics of two cleaning materials. In addition, rinsing test were conducted to demonstrate how filming can be prevented.
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: Rankin, W. N. & Toole, P. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of biological coal gasification (MicGas process): 13th Quarterly report, [July 1--September 30, 1993] (open access)

Development of biological coal gasification (MicGas process): 13th Quarterly report, [July 1--September 30, 1993]

In examining methods for enhancing the biomethanation of TxL, several experiments were conducted to study the mechanisms of lowering the pH during biomethanation of Texas lignite (TxL) at higher solids loadings. Results indicated that: Treatment of TxL with different pH solutions did not influence the biomethanation process; The decrease in methane production at higher solids loadings still needs further investigations; Anaerobic conditions containing deoxygenated nitrogen:carbon dioxide provide better methanation of TxL; The most promising combination between the isolates from Mic-1 and Mic-4 was found to be combination D (KS14RMK8-1458); The KS14RMK8 shows the highest accumulation of acetate in the cell-free culture broth from this consortium.
Date: October 28, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Missile launch detection electric field perturbation experiment. Final report (open access)

Missile launch detection electric field perturbation experiment. Final report

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and SARA Inc. participated in the ATMD missile launch activities that occurred at WSMR during January 1993. LLNL and SARA deployed sensors for monitoring of basic phenomena. An attempt was made to measure perturbations of the earth geo-potential during the launch of a Lance missile. The occurrence of the perturbation is expected from the conducting body of the missile and the exhaust plume. A set of voltage-probe antennas were used to monitor the local electric field perturbation from the launch at ranges of approximately 1 km. Examination of the data acquired during the launch period failed to show identifiable correlation of the field variations with the launch event. Three reasons are ascribed to this lack of event data: (1) The electric field potential variations have a limited spatial correlation length - the fields measured in one region have little correlation to measurements made at distances of a kilometer away. The potential variations are related to localized atmospheric disturbances and are generally unpredictable. A value for the spatial correlation length is also not known. (2) The conductivity of the plume and missile body are not adequate to produce a field perturbation of adequate magnitude. Phenomena related …
Date: April 28, 1993
Creator: Kane, R. J. & Rynne, T. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Large Eddy Simulations using Lattice Boltzmann algorithms. Final report (open access)

Large Eddy Simulations using Lattice Boltzmann algorithms. Final report

This report contains the results of a study performed to implement eddy-viscosity models for Large-Eddy-Simulations (LES) into Lattice Boltzmann (LB) algorithms for simulating fluid flows. This implementation requires modification of the LB method of simulating the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to allow simulation of the filtered Navier-Stokes equations with some subgrid model for the Reynolds stress term. We demonstrate that the LB method can indeed be used for LES by simply locally adjusting the value of the BGK relaxation time to obtain the desired eddy-viscosity. Thus, many forms of eddy-viscosity models including the standard Smagorinsky model or the Dynamic model may be implemented using LB algorithms. Since underresolved LB simulations often lead to instability, the LES model actually serves to stabilize the method. An alternative method of ensuring stability is presented which requires that entropy increase during the collision step of the LB method. Thus, an alternative collision operator is locally applied if the entropy becomes too low. This stable LB method then acts as an LES scheme that effectively introduces its own eddy viscosity to damp short wavelength oscillations.
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: Serling, J. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
AMS beyond 2000 (open access)

AMS beyond 2000

The occasion of this conference, the Sixth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, falls sixteen years after the remarkable triple simultaneous discovery of this powerful isotopic measurement. In the interval since the Fifth Conference in Paris in 1991, new facilities of both large and small size have become fully operational, achieving impressive gains in both measurement throughput and precision. The purpose of this short review is to extrapolate from recent gains and experience and to project the status of the field beyond the coming millennial date. AMS achieved instant application in archaeology and the geosciences and its early growth was stimulated by the excitement caused by the early results. The ability to obtain an accurate radiocarbon date with a sample one thousand times smaller than possible with scintillation or gas counting, the ability to trace {sup 14}CO{sub 2} in sea water with a similar thousand fold shrinkage in sample size, and the wide utility of {sup 10}Be, {sup 26}Al, {sup 36}Cl, and {sup 129}I as tracers and chronometers of erosion, hydrology and paleoclimate were sufficient to drive the partial conversion of existing accelerators and the construction of new dedicated ones. These applications remain the core of the present field and …
Date: December 28, 1993
Creator: Davis, J. C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental applications of the particle analysis system (open access)

Environmental applications of the particle analysis system

This study demonstrates the applicability of particle counting technology for analysis of various water treatment systems at the Rocky Flats Plant. The Particle Analysis System described in this study determined the water quality of samples from environmental remediation, stormwater treatment, and drinking water treatment operations. Samples were measured in either discrete or on-line mode. This data showed filtration efficiencies, particle counts, particle size distributions, and real-time treatment system performance. Particle counting proved more sensitive than the turbidimetric measurement technique commonly used by the water treatment industry. Particle counting is a two-dimensional measurement of counts and sizes, whereas turbidity is a one-dimensional measurement of water clarity. Samples showing identical turbidities could be distinguished easily with the Particle Analysis System. The Particle Analysis System proved to be an efficient and reliable water quality measurement tool, and it is applicable to a variety of water treatment systems at the Rocky Flats Plant.
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: Moritz, E. J. & Hoffman, C. R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sr{sup 89} -- An unnecessary contaminant of concern in SRS environmental samples (open access)

Sr{sup 89} -- An unnecessary contaminant of concern in SRS environmental samples

This report documents the technical and time bases used to conclude that the fission product, Sr{sup 89}, should no longer be considered as a contaminant of concern and an analyte in SRS environmental samples. This conclusion is the basis for hard-dollar cost savings suggestions to eliminate its analysis in F/H Areas Seepage Basin monitoring wells and in future soil, sediment and water environmental samples for which the analytical contract is to be awarded prior to October 1, 1993. Environmental Restoration should proactively pursue regulatory approval for the elimination of Sr{sup 89} as an analyte in appropriate environmental samples.
Date: July 28, 1993
Creator: Holcomb, H. P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
INSENS classification algorithm report (open access)

INSENS classification algorithm report

This report describes a new algorithm developed for the Imigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in support of the INSENS project for classifying vehicles and pedestrians using seismic data. This algorithm is less sensitive to nuisance alarms due to environmental events than the previous algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm is simple enough that it can be implemented in the 8-bit microprocessor used in the INSENS system.
Date: July 28, 1993
Creator: Hernandez, J. E.; Frerking, C. J. & Myers, D. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Symposium report on frontier applications of accelerators (open access)

Symposium report on frontier applications of accelerators

This report contains viewgraph material on the following topics: Electron-Positron Linear Colliders; Unconventional Colliders; Prospects for UVFEL; Accelerator Based Intense Spallation; Neutron Sources; and B Physics at Hadron Accelerators with RHIC as an Example.
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: Parsa, Z.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Physical separations soil washing system cold test results (open access)

Physical separations soil washing system cold test results

This test summary describes the objectives, methodology, and results of a physical separations soil-washing system setup and shakedown test using uncontaminated soil. The test is being conducted in preparation for a treatability test to be conducted in the North Pond of the 300-FF-1 Operable Unit. It will be used to assess the feasibility of using a physical separations process to reduce the volume of contaminated soils in the 300-FF-1 Operable Unit. The test is described in DOE-RL (1993). The setup test was conducted at an uncontrolled area located approximately 3.2 km northwest of the 300-FF-1 Operable Unit. The material processed was free of contamination. The physical separation equipment to be used in the test was transferred to the US Department of Energy (DOE) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. On May 13, 1993, soil-washing equipment was moved to the cold test location. Design assistance and recommendation for operation was provided by the EPA.
Date: July 28, 1993
Creator: McGuire, J. P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Uranium Industry Annual, 1992 (open access)

Uranium Industry Annual, 1992

The Uranium Industry Annual provides current statistical data on the US uranium industry for the Congress, Federal and State agencies, the uranium and electric utility industries, and the public. The feature article, ``Decommissioning of US Conventional Uranium Production Centers,`` is included. Data on uranium raw materials activities including exploration activities and expenditures, resources and reserves, mine production of uranium, production of uranium concentrate, and industry employment are presented in Chapter 1. Data on uranium marketing activities including domestic uranium purchases, commitments by utilities, procurement arrangements, uranium imports under purchase contracts and exports, deliveries to enrichment suppliers, inventories, secondary market activities, utility market requirements, and uranium for sale by domestic suppliers are presented in Chapter 2.
Date: October 28, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Engineering development of advanced physical fine coal cleaning for premium fuel applications. Quarterly technical progress report No. 3, April--June 1993 (open access)

Engineering development of advanced physical fine coal cleaning for premium fuel applications. Quarterly technical progress report No. 3, April--June 1993

This project is a major step in the Department of Energy`s program to show that ultra-clean coal-water slurry fuel (CWF) can be produced from selected coals and that this premium fuel will be a cost-effective replacement for oil and natural gas now fueling some of the industrial and utility boilers in the United States. The replacement of oil and gas with CWF can only be realized if retrofit costs are kept to a minimum and retrofit boiler emissions meet national goals for clean air. These concerns establish the specifications for maximum ash and sulfur levels and combustion properties of the CWF. This cost-share contract is a 48-month program which started on September 30, 1992. This report discusses the technical progress made during the quarter from April 1 to June 30, 1993. The project has three major objectives: (1) the primary objective is to develop the design base for prototype commercial advanced fine coal cleaning facilities capable of producing ultra-clean coals suitable for conversion to coal-water slurry fuel for premium fuel applications. The fine coal cleaning technologies are advanced column flotation and selective agglomeration. (2) a secondary objective is to develop the design base for near-term application of these advanced fine …
Date: July 28, 1993
Creator: Smit, F. J.; Hogsett, R. F. & Jha, M. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A spheromak ignition experiment reusing Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) equipment (open access)

A spheromak ignition experiment reusing Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) equipment

Based on available experimental results and theory, a scenario is presented to achieve ohmic ignition in a spheromak by slow ({approximately} 10 sec.) helicity injection using power from the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) substation. Some of the other parts needed (vacuum vessel, coils, power supplies, pumps, shielded building space) might also be obtained from MFTF or other salvage, as well as some components needed for intermediate experiments for additional verification of the concept (especially confinement scaling). The proposed ignition experiment would serve as proof-of-principle for the spheromak DT fusion reactor design published by Hagenson and Krakowski, with a nuclear island cost about ten times less than a tokamak of comparable power. Designs at even higher power density and lower cost might be possible using Christofilos` concept of a liquid lithium blanket. Since all structures would be protected from neutrons by the lithium blanket and the tritium inventory can be reduced by continuous removal from the liquid blanket, environmental and safety characteristics appear to be favorable.
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: Fowler, T. K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
FY 93 site characterization status report and data package for the carbon tetrachloride site (open access)

FY 93 site characterization status report and data package for the carbon tetrachloride site

This report provides the status and accomplishments from fiscal year site characterization activities conducted as part of the 200 West Area Carbon Tetrachloride Expedited Response Action and the Volatile Organic Compounds - Arid Integrated Demonstration. The report includes or references all available raw data collected as part of these tasks. During fiscal year 1993, the 200 West Area Carbon Tetrachloride Expedited Response Action and the Volatile Organic Compounds - Arid Integrated Demonstration programs focused on the carbon tetrachloride plume in the unsaturated zone underlying the 200 West Area at the Hanford Site in southeast Washington.
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: Rohay, V. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
International petroleum statistics report, September 1993 (open access)

International petroleum statistics report, September 1993

The International Petroleum Statistics Report presents data on international oil production, demand, imports, exports, and stocks. The report has four sections. Section 1 contains time series data on world oil production, and on oil demand and stocks in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This section contains annual data beginning in 1980, and monthly data for the most recent two years. Section 2 presents an oil supply/demand balance for world. This balance is presented in quarterly intervals for the most recent two years. Section 3 presents data on oil imports by OECD countries. This section contains annual data for the most recent year, quarterly data for the most recent two quarters, and monthly data for the most recent twelve months. Section 4 presents annual time series data on world oil production and oil stocks, demand, and trade in OECD countries. World oil production and OECD demand data are for the years 1970 through 1992; OECD stocks from 1973 through 1992; and OECD trade from 1982 through 1992. Data for the United States are developed by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) Office of Oil and Gas. Data for other countries are derived largely from published sources including International Energy …
Date: September 28, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The productive performance prediction of some wells in Hachijojima hydrothermal field, Japan (open access)

The productive performance prediction of some wells in Hachijojima hydrothermal field, Japan

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) did "Geothermal Development Promotion Survey" in the Hachijojima Island which is a volcanic island with 70km² located in the Izu-Mariana Island Arc. In that national project, NEDO drilled 8 wells in the field and the maximum temperature of the field was 317°C at 1200m depth of a well. Of these survey NEDO confirmed the existence of geothermal reservoir, and using a well named HJ-5, NEDO did short time discharge test. The authors calculated borehole temperature and pressure under production the of the well in comparison with the measured data. The authors also calculated productive performance of another well named HJ-8.
Date: January 28, 1993
Creator: Demboya, Nobuhiro; Ishikawa, Jun-ichi; Iwai, Nobuyuki & Tada, Yoneko
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
New Project for Hot Wet Rock Geothermal Reservoir Design Concept (open access)

New Project for Hot Wet Rock Geothermal Reservoir Design Concept

This paper presents the outlines of a new Hot Wet Rock (HWR) geothermal project. The goal of the project is to develop a design methodology for combined artificial and natural crack geothermal reservoir systems with the objective of enhancing the thermal output of existing geothermal power plants. The proposed concept of HWR and the research tasks of the project are described.
Date: January 28, 1993
Creator: Takahashi, Hideaki & Hashida, Toshiyuki
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Use of slim holes for geothermal exploration and reservoir assesment: A preliminary report on Japanese experience (open access)

Use of slim holes for geothermal exploration and reservoir assesment: A preliminary report on Japanese experience

The publicly available Japanese data on the use of slim holes in geothermal exploration and reservoir assessment are reviewed in this report. Slim holes have been used for (1) obtaining core for geological studies, (2) delineating the stratigraphic structure, (3) characterizing reservoir fluid state (pressure, temperature, etc.), and (4) defining the permeability structure for reservoir assessment. Examples of these uses of slim hole data are presented from the Hohi Geothermal Area and the Sumikawa Geothermal Field. Discharge data from slim holes and production wells from the Oguni Geothermal Field indicate that it may be possible to infer the discharge rate of production wells based on slim hole measurements.
Date: January 28, 1993
Creator: Garg, S. K. & Combs, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Progress report on the long-term flow testing of the HDR reservoir at Fenton Hill, New Mexico (open access)

Progress report on the long-term flow testing of the HDR reservoir at Fenton Hill, New Mexico

Through mid-December 1992, long-term flow testing of the Phase I1 Hot Dry Rock (HDR) reservoir at Fenton Hill, NM has been conducted for an aggregate of 24 weeks at near-optimum aseismic injection conditions. This period of flow testing, which began on April 9, 1992, included several reservoir shut-ins due to equipment problems and an intervening lower-injection-rate Interim Flow Test lasting about 6 weeks. With the exceptions noted above, the majority of the flow testing for that period was conducted at an average injection rate of 7.2 l/s and at pressures up to 27.3 MPa. However, this high level of injection pressure has not produced any discernible reservoir microseismicity, indicating that we have been operating the reservoir at pressures below the threshold for fracture extension. The permeation loss from the boundaries of the reservoir at these elevated pressures has averaged about 0.7 l/s, a very low rate of water loss considering the very large volume of fractured rock (about 16x10<sup>6</sup> m&sup3;) comprising the pressure-stimulated reservoir region. Temperature logging across the 350-m production interval, centered at a depth of about 3500 m, indicates that there has been no measurable drop in the mixed-mean reservoir production temperature at the top of this interval …
Date: January 28, 1993
Creator: Brown, Donald W. & Du Teau, Robert
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A survey of potential geopressured resource areas in California (open access)

A survey of potential geopressured resource areas in California

This paper presents the initial results of a survey of the occurrence and characteristics of geopressured fluid resources in California using the publicly-available database involving more than 150,000 oil and gas wells drilled in the State. Of the 975 documented on-shore oil and gas pools studied, about 42% were identified as potentially geopressured. Geothermal gradients in California oil and gas fields lie within the normal range of 1°F to 2°F per 100 feet. Except for the Los Angeles Basin, there was no evidence of higher temperatures or temperature gradients in geopressured pools. The porosity of geopressured pools shows the same normal distribution as for normal pressured pools, with a mode in the range of 20 to 25%. The salinity distribution of both the geopressured and normal pressured pools appear to be bimodal, each with two peak ranges of 0 to 10,000 and 25,000 to 30,000 ppm. Compared to the U.S. Gulf Coast region, geopressured pools in California display much lower water salinities, and therefore, should have a higher solubility for methane. Geopressured pools in California occur in the depth range of less than 1,000 feet to more than 18,000 feet. The modal depth of geopressured pools in California is 2,000 …
Date: January 28, 1993
Creator: Sanyal, S. K.; Robertson-Tait, A.; Kraemer, M. & Buening, N.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Significance of Crack Opening Monitoring for Determining the Growth Behavior of Hydrofractures (open access)

Significance of Crack Opening Monitoring for Determining the Growth Behavior of Hydrofractures

A method for determining the size of a crack induced by hydraulic fracturing is presented. The procedure is based on the measurement of the crack opening displacement and the fracture mechanics approach. The proposed method has been tested by conducting laboratory small-scale hydraulic fracturing tests on a granite. It is shown from the preliminary tests that the method provides a reasonable prediction of experimentally observed crack sizes.
Date: January 28, 1993
Creator: Hashida, Toshiyuki; Sato, Kazushi & Takahashi, Hideaki
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Thermal drawdown analysis of the Hijiori HDR 90-day circulation test (open access)

Thermal drawdown analysis of the Hijiori HDR 90-day circulation test

The Hijiori 90-day circulation test is unique in the development of HDR technology in that it was the first (and thus far the only) multiproduction well test run for a sufficient production period to obtain observed cooldown curves at multiple production horizons in the stimulated reservoir volume. The experimental data have been analyzed by the SGP 1-D linear heat sweep model to examine the extent of thermal cooldown in this relatively small, multi-well, multi-zone reservoir. Although changes in production flow were carried out in specific wells at specific times during the 90 days of circulation, matching of the observed cooldown curves in conjunction with the structural and temperature logging data allows estimation of the reservoir volume and the mean fracture spacing between rock blocks for heat extraction during the 90-day test.
Date: January 28, 1993
Creator: Kruger, Paul & Yamaguchi, Tsutomu
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library