This document is prepared in support of the 100 Area Environmental Restoration activity at the US Department of Energy`s Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. It provides a technical baseline of waste sites located at the 100-D Area. The report is based on an environmental investigation undertaken by the Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) History Office in support of the Environmental Restoration Engineering Function and on review and evaluation of numerous Hanford Site current and historical reports, drawings, and photographs, supplemented by site inspections and employee interviews. No intrusive field investigation or sampling was conducted. All Hanford coordinate locations are approximate locations taken from several different maps and drawings of the 100-D Area. Every effort was made to derive coordinate locations for the center of each facility or waste site, except where noted, using standard measuring devices. Units of measure are shown as they appear in reference documents. The 100-D Area is made up of three operable units: 100-DR-1, 100-DR-2, and 100-DR-3. All three are addressed in this report. These operable units include liquid and solid waste disposal sites in the vicinity of, and related to, the 100-D and 100-DR Reactors. A fourth operable unit, 100-HR-3, is concerned with groundwater and is …

Biological effects occur in natural systems at chemical concentrations of parts per billion (1:10{sup 9}) or less. Affected biomolecules may be separable in only milligram or microgram quantities. Quantification at attomole sensitivity is needed to study these interactions. AMS measures isotope concentrations to parts per 10{sup 13--15} on milligram-sized samples and is ideal for quantifying long-lived radioisotopic labels that are commonly used to trace biochemical pathways in natural systems. {sup 14}C-AMS has now been coupled to a variety of organic separation and definition technologies. The primary research investigates pharmacokinetics and genotoxicities of toxins and drugs at very low doses. Human subject research using AMS includes nutrition, toxicity and elemental balance studies. {sup 3} H, {sup 41}Ca and {sup 26}Al are also traced by AMS for fundamental biochemical kinetic research. Expansion of biomedical AMS awaits further development of biochemical and accelerator technologies designed specifically for these applications.

The objectives of the project are to demonstrate the effectiveness of geologically targeted infill drilling and improved reservoir management to obtain maximum oil recovery from the Sooner Unit field using water injection and gas recycling as secondary methods. The first phase of the project involves an integrated multi-discipline approach to identify optimum well sites and development of a reservoir operations plan. The second phase will involve drilling of up to three geologically targeted infill wells and establishing production/injection schedules. Reservoir simulation, transient well tests and careful production monitoring will be used to evaluate the results. The third phase will involve technology transfer through a series of technical papers and presentations of a short course. Emphasis will be on the economics of the project and the implemented technologies.

The S-Area Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will initially process Batch 1 sludge in the sludge-only processing mode, with simulated non-radioactive Precipitate Hydrolysis, Aqueous (PHA) product, without the risk of nuclear criticality. The dilute concentration of fissile material in the sludge combined with excess of neutron absorbers during normal operations make criticality throughout the whole process incredible. Subsequent batches of the DWPF involving radioactive precipitate slurry and PHA will require additional analysis. Any abnormal or upset process operations, which are not considered in this report and could potentially separate fissile material, must be individually evaluated. Scheduled maintenance operation procedures are not considered to be abnormal.

The four-gap superconducting resonators which have been developed at Argonne for use in the low-beta positive ion-injector for ATLAS have potential applications for ions with velocities less than 0.007c and q/m less than 0.1. It was previously observed that at low velocities these structures can be focusing in both longitudinal and transverse phase spaces due to an inherent alternating-phase-focusing property. Studies are underway to determine the optimum combination of multi-gap structures and solenoids at low velocity and low q/m. In this paper the authors present the results of acceptance studies for the first three resonators at the front of the positive-ion injection linac, with and without the focusing solenoids. These studies include the effects of higher-order distortions in longitudinal and transverse phase spaces since minimizing such aberrations is very important for most nuclear physics applications of such accelerators.

This report discusses the ``Art`` of blind shaft drilling which has been in a continual state of evolution at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) since the start of underground testing in 1957. Emplacement holes for nuclear devices are still being drilled by the rotary drilling process, but almost all the hardware and systems have undergone many changes during the intervening years. Blind shaft drilling and tunnel construction technologies received increased emphasis with the signing of the LTBT in 1963.

This report discusses the following topics: Modifications of high momentum spectrometer (HMS) optics; special tuning of HMS; Hall C beam transport line; beam energy measurement by arc spectrometer; chicane for polarized target; and beam raster system.

The objective of this task is to field characterize and sample the soil at selected locations along the proposed effluent line routes for Project C-018H. The overall purpose of this effort is to meet the proposed plan to discontinue the disposal of contaminated liquids into the Hanford soil column as described by DOE (1987). Detailed information describing proposed transport pipeline route and associated Kaiser Engineers Hanford Company (KEH) preliminary drawings (H288746...755) all inclusive, have been prepared by KEH (1992). The information developed from field monitoring and sampling will be utilized to characterize surface and subsurface soil along the proposed C-018H effluent pipeline and it`s associated facilities. Potentially existing contaminant levels may be encountered therefore, soil characterization will provide a construction preoperational baseline reference, develop personnel safety requirements, and determine the need for any changes in the proposed routes prior to construction of the pipeline.

The goal of this research was to develop the understanding of the structure/property relations in Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}-stabilized cubic ZrO{sub 2} (Y-CSZ) single crystals with emphasis on the potential use of these materials as a fibrous reinforcement for high temperature structural applications. In particular, the issues addressed include: (i) determination of the structure of as-grown Y-CSZ and its relation to the deformation behavior and (ii) initial fiber growth and evaluation. Selected papers are indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.

Congressional interest in China's transformation has grown. Congressional concerns focus on economic opportunities in China and how conditions there affect U.S. security, economic and political interests.

Congressional Research Service: Issue Brief October 20, 1993 Chinese Missile and Nuclear Proliferation: Issues for Congress By Shirley A. Kan, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Divisi

Research continued on coal stream combustion. This report presents the results obtained from the gasification efficiency experiments by varying the (i) air fuel ratio of the coal cloud (ii) reaction zone height (residence time) and (iii) oxygen concentration. A brief discussion on the divergence of coal stream is presented.

This report evaluates nuclear criticality safety for the High-Enriched Uranium storage area of the X-345 building of the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. The effects of loss of moderation or mass control are examined for storage units in or out of the storage receptacles. Recommendations are made for decreasing criticality hazards under some conditions of storage or handling considered to be hazardous.

It was found that there was a strong dependence of the density profile on the secondary air injection location and that there was a pronounced solid separation from the conveying gas, due to the swirl motion. Furthermore, the swirl motion generated strong internal circulation patterns and higher slip velocities than in the case of nonswirl motion as in an ordinary circulating fluidized bed. Radial solids flux profiles were measured at different axial locations. The general radial profile in a swirling circulating fluidized bed indicated an increased downward flow of solids near the bed walls, and strong variations in radial profiles along the axial height. For swirl numbers less than 0.9, which is typical for swirling circulating fluidized beds, there is no significant increase in erosion due to swirl motion inside the bed. Pending further investigation of swirl motion with combustion, at least from our cold model studies, no disadvantages due to the introduction of swirl motion were discovered.

The current shortage of {sup 18}O has revived interest in using one step UV photodissociation of formaldehyde to enrich {sup 13}C, {sup 17}O and {sup 18}O. The frequency doubled output of the copper laser pumped dye laser system currently in operation at LLNL can be used to drive this dissociation. The authors use a simple kinetics model and their experience with Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) process design to examine the relative merits of different designs for a formaldehyde photodissociation process. Given values for the molecular photoabsorption cross section, partition function, spectroscopic selectivity, collisional exchange and quenching cross sections (all as parameters), they perform a partial optimization in the space of illuminated area, formaldehyde pressure in each stage, and formaldehyde residence time in each stage. They examine the effect of cascade design (heads and tails staging) on molecule and photon utilization for each of the three isotope separation missions, and look in one case at the system`s response to different ratios of laser to formaldehyde costs. Finally, they examine the relative cost of enrichment as a function of isotope and product assay. Emphasis is as much on the process design methodology, which is general, as on the specific application …

Task 3 provides detailed characterization of fuel properties of the test coals and in-depth evaluation of their performance characteristics under controlled pilot-scale combustion testing. Results from this task provide fundamental information required to develop some of the improved algorithms for the CQE. Both bench-scale fuel characterization and test furnace performance evaluations are being performed under this task. All pilot-scale combustion tests under this task have been completed. Topical reports for the coals evaluated under the Public Service Oklahoma's Northeastern Unit 4 and Northern States Power's King Unit 1 test series have been issued. Work continued during the past quarter on preparation of the final report for the Mississippi Power Company's Watson Unit 4 tests (to be completed first quarter 1993) and analyzing pilot-scale combustion data from the Alabama Power Company's Gaston tests; a topical report for the Gaston study will also be issued in 1993. Bench-scale testing and data analyses continued in support of the development of the slagging and fouling models. Data obtained from the analysis of samples of deposits, inflame solids, fly ash, and coal from CQE pilot-scale and drop tube combustion tests were evaluated for use in devising and verifying the slagging and fouling algorithms.

Task 3 provides detailed characterization of fuel properties of the test coals and in-depth evaluation of their performance characteristics under controlled pilot-scale combustion testing. Results from this task provide fundamental information required to develop some of the improved algorithms for the CQE. Both bench-scale fuel characterization and test furnace performance evaluations are being performed under this task. All pilot-scale combustion tests under this task have been completed. Topical reports for the coals evaluated under the Public Service Oklahoma`s Northeastern Unit 4 and Northern States Power`s King Unit 1 test series have been issued. Work continued during the past quarter on preparation of the final report for the Mississippi Power Company`s Watson Unit 4 tests (to be completed first quarter 1993) and analyzing pilot-scale combustion data from the Alabama Power Company`s Gaston tests; a topical report for the Gaston study will also be issued in 1993. Bench-scale testing and data analyses continued in support of the development of the slagging and fouling models. Data obtained from the analysis of samples of deposits, inflame solids, fly ash, and coal from CQE pilot-scale and drop tube combustion tests were evaluated for use in devising and verifying the slagging and fouling algorithms.

This document is the third quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. AC22-92PC92110, ``Development of Vanadium-Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane.`` During this quarter, we have continued to develop methods for catalyst activation by investigating activation in wet gas environments. This procedure leads to the formation of highly crystalline (VO){sub 2}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}, while activation under identical conditions, but with no moisture, leads to a poorly crystalline sample. Published data indicate that the highly crystalline form is representative of commercial butane oxidation catalysts. The main focus of our work during this quarter has been in the area of catalyst testing in the microreactor system. In order to confirm that our microreactor system was providing reliable data, we tested a V{sub 2}O{sub 5}/SiO{sub 2} catalyst at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 500 to 600{degree}C using 90 to 95 percent CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}. Several studies of methane oxidation using this catalyst have been published with reasonably good agreement between different research groups. We were not able to reproduce the literature data using steel reactors. However, when the steel reactor was lined with quartz and the postcatalyst reactor volume was minimized by packing with quartz chips, we obtained results …

In this paper we consider the problem of interprocessor communication on a Completely Connected Optical Communication Parallel Computer (OCPC). The particular problem we study is that of realizing an h-relation. In this problem, each processor has at most h messages to send and at most h messages to receive. It is clear that any 1-relation can be realized in one communication step on an OCPC. However, the best known p-processor OCPC algorithm for realizing an arbitrary h-relation for h > 1 requires {Theta}(h + log p) expected communication steps. (This algorithm is due to Valiant and is based on earlier work of Anderson and Miller.) Valiant`s algorithm is optimal only for h = {Omega}(log p) and it is an open question of Gereb-Graus and Tsantilas whether there is a faster algorithm for h = o(log p). In this paper we answer this question in the affirmative by presenting a {Theta} (h + log log p) communication step algorithm that realizes an arbitrary h-relation on a p-processor OCPC. We show that if h {le} log p then the failure probability can be made as small as p{sup -{alpha}} for any positive constant {alpha}.

Small barium fluoride crystals have been irradiated using cobalt-60 gamma rays under various illumination conditions to establish the effect of photo-bleaching of the radiation-induced color centers. This paper describes results of a few different experiments conducted at LLNL over the past few weeks.

The Electric Power Monthly (EPM) presents monthly electricity statistics. The purpose of this publication is to provide energy decisionmakers with accurate and timely information that may be used in forming various perspectives on electric issues that lie ahead. Data in this report are presented for a wide audience including Congress, Federal and State agencies, the electric utility industry, and the general public. The EIA collected the information in this report to fulfill its data collection and dissemination responsibilities as specified in the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-275) as amended. This publication provides monthly statistics at the US, Census division, and State levels for net generation, fossil fuel consumption and stocks, quantity and quality of fossil fuels, cost of fossil fuels, electricity sales, revenue, and average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold. Data on net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and cost of fossil fuels are also displayed for the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) regions. Statistics by company and plant are published in the EPM on the capability of new generating units, net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and quality of fuel, and cost of fossil fuels.

A cyclic voltammetry technique was used to study the interactions of pyrite during bioleaching with the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Potential effects of heavy metals (silver and mercury) and varying the pH on the iron oxidizing ability of the bacterium are reported. Redox potential techniques were used to study effect of ferrous sulfate concentration and pH on bacterial growth.

A cyclic voltammetry technique was used to study the interactions of pyrite during bioleaching with the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Potential effects of heavy metals (silver and mercury) and varying the pH on the iron oxidizing ability of the bacterium are reported. Redox potential techniques were used to study effect of ferrous sulfate concentration and pH on bacterial growth.

The common theme of the research is the effects of electronic interactions on the properties of systems. Specifically, work was done in the following areas: magnetically modulated systems, Raman and EELS in superlattices, ballistic quantum interference effects, quantum dot arrays, and optical response of undoped fullerene crystals.