States

Advanced technologies for remote sensing imaging applications (open access)

Advanced technologies for remote sensing imaging applications

Generating and returning imagery from great distances has been generally associated with national security activities, with emphasis on reliability of system operation. (While the introduction of such capabilities was usually characterized by high levels of innovation, the evolution of such systems has followed the classical track of proliferation of ``standardized items`` expressing ever more incremental technological advances.) Recent focusing of interest on the use of remote imaging systems for commercial and scientific purposes can be expected to induce comparatively rapid advances along the axes of efficiency and technological sophistication, respectively. This paper reviews the most basic reasons for expecting the next decade of advances to dwarf the impressive accomplishments of the past ten years. The impact of these advances clearly will be felt in all major areas of large-scale human endeavor, commercial, military and scientific.
Date: June 7, 1993
Creator: Wood, L. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
ARAC: A flexible real-time dose consequence assessment system (open access)

ARAC: A flexible real-time dose consequence assessment system

Since its beginning, the Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC), an emergency radiological dose assessment service of the US Government, has been called on to do consequence assessments for releases into the atmosphere of radionuclides and a variety of other substances. Some of the more noteworthy emergency responses have been for the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power reactor accidents, and more recently, for a cloud of gases from a rail-car spill into the Sacramento river of the herbicide metam sodium, smoke from hundreds of burning oil wells in Kuwait, and ash clouds from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The spatial scales of these responses range from local, to regional, to global, and the response periods from hours, to weeks, to months. Because of the variety of requirements of each unique assessment, ARAC has developed and maintains a flexible system of people, computer software and hardware.
Date: October 7, 1993
Creator: Ellis, J. S. & Sullivan, T. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Audit of personal property management at Los Alamos National Laboratory (open access)

Audit of personal property management at Los Alamos National Laboratory

The Department of Energy`s (Department) Albuquerque Operations Office (Albuquerque) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Los Alamos) are responsible for ensuring that Los Alamos maintains an efficient and effective personal property management system that protects, identifies, and controls Government-owned personal property in accordance with applicable regulations. Albuquerque is responsible for reviewing and approving Los Alamos` personal property management system. Los Alamos is responsible for ensuring that personal property is properly protected, identified, and controlled. The audit disclosed that Los Alamos did not have an efficient and effective personal property management system to ensure that personal property was adequately protected, identified, and controlled. In addition, Albuquerque did not approve or disapprove Los Alamos` personal property management system consistent with Federal and Department regulations. Specifically, the audit showed that Los Alamos did not account for $11.6 million of personal property. In addition, $22.2 million of personal property was not properly recorded in the database, $61.7 million of personal property could not be inventoried, and loans to employees and other entities were not adequately justified. As a result, from a total personal property inventory of approximately $1 billion, it is estimated that $100 million of personal property may not be accounted for, and …
Date: December 7, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Average waiting time profiles of uniform DQDB model (open access)

Average waiting time profiles of uniform DQDB model

The Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) system consists of a linear arrangement of N nodes that communicate with each other using two contra-flowing buses; the nodes use an extremely simple protocol to send messages on these buses. This simple, but elegant, system has been found to be very challenging to analyze. We consider a simple and uniform abstraction of this model to highlight the fairness issues in terms of average waiting time. We introduce a new approximation method to analyze the performance of DQDB system in terms of the average waiting time of a node expressed as a function of its position. Our approach abstracts the intimate relationship between the load of the system and its fairness characteristics, and explains all basic behavior profiles of DQDB observed in previous simulation. For the uniform DQDB with equal distance between adjacent nodes, we show that the system operates under three basic behavior profiles and a finite number of their combinations that depend on the load of the network. Consequently, the system is not fair at any load in terms of the average waiting times. In the vicinity of a critical load of 1 {minus} 4/N, the uniform network runs into a state …
Date: September 7, 1993
Creator: Rao, N. S. V.; Maly, K.; Olariu, S.; Dharanikota, S.; Zhang, L. & Game, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Colorado State University Program for Developing, Testing, Evaluating and Optimizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems (open access)

Colorado State University Program for Developing, Testing, Evaluating and Optimizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems

This program includes six tasks, including (1) a project measuring the performance of unique solar system components, (2) a project to develop a methodology for determining annual performance ratings of solar domestic hot water systems, (3) a project that will identify, analyze, design, build, and experimentally evaluate SDHW systems incorporating advanced concepts and components, (4) a liquid desiccant cooling system development project, (5) a project that will perform TRNSYS simulations to determine potential energy savings for desiccant cooling systems, especially in humid climates, and (6) a management task. The objectives and progress in each task are described.
Date: January 7, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Colorado State University Program for Developing, Testing, Evaluating and Optimizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems. Project Status Report, March--November 1992 (open access)

Colorado State University Program for Developing, Testing, Evaluating and Optimizing Solar Heating and Cooling Systems. Project Status Report, March--November 1992

This program includes six tasks, including (1) a project measuring the performance of unique solar system components, (2) a project to develop a methodology for determining annual performance ratings of solar domestic hot water systems, (3) a project that will identify, analyze, design, build, and experimentally evaluate SDHW systems incorporating advanced concepts and components, (4) a liquid desiccant cooling system development project, (5) a project that will perform TRNSYS simulations to determine potential energy savings for desiccant cooling systems, especially in humid climates, and (6) a management task. The objectives and progress in each task are described.
Date: January 7, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparative analysis of selected fuel cell vehicles (open access)

Comparative analysis of selected fuel cell vehicles

Vehicles powered by fuel cells operate more efficiently, more quietly, and more cleanly than internal combustion engines (ICEs). Furthermore, methanol-fueled fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) can utilize major elements of the existing fueling infrastructure of present-day liquid-fueled ICE vehicles (ICEVs). DOE has maintained an active program to stimulate the development and demonstration o fuel cell technologies in conjunction with rechargeable batteries in road vehicles. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the availability of data on FCVs, and to develop a vehicle subsystem structure that can be used to compare both FCVs and ICEV, from a number of perspectives--environmental impacts, energy utilization, materials usage, and life cycle costs. This report focuses on methanol-fueled FCVs fueled by gasoline, methanol, and diesel fuel that are likely to be demonstratable by the year 2000. The comparative analysis presented covers four vehicles--two passenger vehicles and two urban transit buses. The passenger vehicles include an ICEV using either gasoline or methanol and an FCV using methanol. The FCV uses a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell, an on-board methanol reformer, mid-term batteries, and an AC motor. The transit bus ICEV was evaluated for both diesel and methanol fuels. The transit bus FCV runs …
Date: May 7, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Detailed evaluation of the West Kiehl alkaline-surfactant-polymer field project and it`s application to mature Minnelusa waterfloods. Technical progress report, July--September 1993 (open access)

Detailed evaluation of the West Kiehl alkaline-surfactant-polymer field project and it`s application to mature Minnelusa waterfloods. Technical progress report, July--September 1993

The objective of ``Detailed Evaluation of the West Kiehl Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Field Project and It`s Application to Mature Minnelusa Waterfloods`` is to (1) quantify the incremental oil produced from the West Kiehl alkaline-surfactant-polymer project by classical engineering and numerical simulation techniques, (2) to quantify the effect of chemical slug volume injection on incremental oil in the two swept areas of the field, (3) to determine the economic ramifications of the application of the alkaline-surfactant-polymer technology, (4) to forecast the results of injecting an alkaline-surfactant-polymer solution to mature waterfloods and polymer floods, and (5) to provide the basis for independent operators to book additional oil reserves by using the alkaline-surfactant-polymer technology. This report documents the initial geological and reservoir engineering data gathering. In addition, some of the initial laboratory results are discussed. Some evaluation of the West Kiehl has been published.
Date: January 7, 1993
Creator: Pitts, M. J. & Surkalo, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of vanadium-phosphate catalysts for methanol production by selective oxidation of methane. Quarterly technical progress report 4, July--September 1993 (open access)

Development of vanadium-phosphate catalysts for methanol production by selective oxidation of methane. Quarterly technical progress report 4, July--September 1993

This document is the fourth quarterly technical progress report under Contract No. DE-AC22-92PC92110, {open_quotes}Development of Vanadium-Phosphate Catalysts for Methanol Production by Selective Oxidation of Methane.{close_quotes} During this quarter, the authors focused primarily on catalyst activity testing in the microreactor. Additional blank runs using methane and methanol were performed. Initial attempts at preparing a silica supported catalyst are described. These results are discussed in detail and plans for the coming quarter are outlined.
Date: December 7, 1993
Creator: McCormick, Robert L.; Jha, Mahesh C. & Streuber, R. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Director`s series on proliferation (open access)

Director`s series on proliferation

Two essays are included in this booklet. Their titles are ``The Dynamics of the NPT Extension Decision`` and ``North Korea`s Nuclear Gambit.`` The first paper discusses the conference to be held in 1995 to review the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) which will decide whether the treaty shall continue in force indefinitely, or shall be extended for an additional fixed period or periods. Topics relevant to this discussion are: Arms control issues, the nuclear test ban, the limited test ban treaty, the French nuclear testing moratorium, former Soviet nuclear weapons, Iraq, North Korea, nuclear-weapon-free zones, security, controls on nuclear weapon materials, peaceful uses of nuclear energy, safeguards, politics, and organizational and procedural issues. The second paper examines short, medium, and long term issues entailed in Korea`s nuclear proliferation. Topics considered include: Korean unification, North Korean politics, the nuclear issue as leverage, and the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty.
Date: September 7, 1993
Creator: Bailey, K. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EGS[underscore]Windows2: An enhanced graphical interface to EGS (open access)

EGS[underscore]Windows2: An enhanced graphical interface to EGS

This report gives a general overview of the EGS[underscore]Windows2 program. The program is intended to be used to display individual particle histories of electrons, photons, and positrons generated by the EGS4 Code System. Much of this work is based on the earlier version of EGS[underscore]Windows2 from the Institute for National Measurement Standards at the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC). No attempt is made to modify their EGS subroutine WATCH, which is used to output the particle vectors to be read by EGS-Windows, or duplicate any of the documentation describing the subroutine. EGS[underscore]Windows2 reads data in the same format as produced by WATCH. Users of EGS[underscore]Windows2 are encouraged to obtain the original EGS[underscore]Windows report from the NRCC in addition to this report as complete documentation of EGS[underscore]Windows2. As in the original report, two levels of information are covered in this report: the user level, and the programmer level. The user level should be read by all users. It describes execution, operation, and capabilities. The programmer level should be read by those users who may want to modify the program or who would like a more detailed understanding. It describes briefly the routines and there function, as well as the major …
Date: January 7, 1993
Creator: Chatterjee, S. (California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science) & Donahue, R.J. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
EGS{underscore}Windows2: An enhanced graphical interface to EGS (open access)

EGS{underscore}Windows2: An enhanced graphical interface to EGS

This report gives a general overview of the EGS{underscore}Windows2 program. The program is intended to be used to display individual particle histories of electrons, photons, and positrons generated by the EGS4 Code System. Much of this work is based on the earlier version of EGS{underscore}Windows2 from the Institute for National Measurement Standards at the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC). No attempt is made to modify their EGS subroutine WATCH, which is used to output the particle vectors to be read by EGS-Windows, or duplicate any of the documentation describing the subroutine. EGS{underscore}Windows2 reads data in the same format as produced by WATCH. Users of EGS{underscore}Windows2 are encouraged to obtain the original EGS{underscore}Windows report from the NRCC in addition to this report as complete documentation of EGS{underscore}Windows2. As in the original report, two levels of information are covered in this report: the user level, and the programmer level. The user level should be read by all users. It describes execution, operation, and capabilities. The programmer level should be read by those users who may want to modify the program or who would like a more detailed understanding. It describes briefly the routines and there function, as well as the major …
Date: January 7, 1993
Creator: Chatterjee, S. & Donahue, R. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electric power monthly, April 1993 (open access)

Electric power monthly, April 1993

The Electric Power Monthly is prepared by the Survey Management Division; Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels, Energy Information Administration (EIA), Department of Energy. This publication provides monthly statistics at the US, Census division, and State levels for net generation, fossil fuel consumption and stocks, quantity and quality of fossil fuels, cost of fossil fuels, electricity sales, revenue, and average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold. Data on net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and cost of fossil fuels are also displayed for the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) regions.
Date: May 7, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Element-specific magnetic hysteresis measurements, a new application of circularly polarized soft x-rays (open access)

Element-specific magnetic hysteresis measurements, a new application of circularly polarized soft x-rays

Element-specific magnetic hysteresis measurements on heteromagnetic materials have been achieved by using circularly polarized soft-x- rays. Dramatically different Fe and Co hysteresis curves of Fe/Cu/Co trilayers were obtained by recording the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) at their respective L{sub 3} white lines as a function of applied magnetic field. The data resolve the complicated hysteresis curves, observed by conventional magnetometry, and determine the individual magnetic moments for the Fe and Co layers. Fine hysteresis features, imperceptible in the conventional curves, were also observed, demonstrating a new application of circularly polarized soft-x-rays in the investigation of magnetic systems.
Date: September 7, 1993
Creator: Lin, H. J.; Chen, C. T.; Meigs, G.; Idzerda, Y. U.; Chaiken, A.; Prinz, G. A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Endangered Species Act and Private Property (open access)

The Endangered Species Act and Private Property

If the 103rd Congress embarks upon an effort to reauthorize the Endangered Species Act (ESA), it will run into an old acquaintance: the property rights issue. As now written, the ESA has at least the potential to curtail property rights (whatever its actual impact as implemented may be). This report explores the legal repercussions of those impacts, especially whether they constitute takings of property under the fifth amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
Date: March 7, 1993
Creator: Meltz, Robert
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of the Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability emergency response model for explosive sources (open access)

Evaluation of the Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability emergency response model for explosive sources

The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) uses a modeling system to calculate the impact of accidental radiological or toxic releases to the atmosphere anywhere in the world. Operated for the US Departments of Energy and Defense, ARAC has responded to over 60 incidents in the past 18 years, and conducts over 100 exercises each year. Explosions are one of the most common mechanisms by which toxic particulates are injected into the atmosphere during accidents. Automated algorithms with default assumptions have been developed to estimate the source geometry and the amount of toxic material aerosolized. The paper examines the sensitivity of ARAC`s dispersion model to the range of input values for explosive sources, and analyzes the model`s accuracy using two field measurement programs.
Date: October 7, 1993
Creator: Baskett, R. L.; Freis, R. P. & Nasstrom, J. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Examples of the use of PRA in the design process and to support modifications (open access)

Examples of the use of PRA in the design process and to support modifications

Many, if not most, of the world`s commercial nuclear power plants have been the subject of plant-specific probabilistic safety assessments (PSAs). A growing number of other nuclear facilities as well as other types of industrial installations have been the focus of plant-specific PSAs. Such studies have provided valuable information concerning the nature of the fisk of the individual facility and have been utilized to identify opportunities to manage that risk. This paper explores the risk management activities associated with three diverse facilities to demonstrate the versatility of the use of PSA to support risk related decision making. The three facilities considered are a DOE research reactor with an extensive operating history, a proposed DOE research reactor in the advanced conceptual design phase and an offshore unmanned oil and gas installation.
Date: September 7, 1993
Creator: Johnson, D. H.; Bley, D. C.; Lin, J. C.; Schueller, J.; van Otterloo, R. W.; Ramsey, C. T. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fast pyrobolometers for measurements of plasma heat fluxes and radiation losses in the MST Reversed Field Pinch (open access)

Fast pyrobolometers for measurements of plasma heat fluxes and radiation losses in the MST Reversed Field Pinch

Two types of fast bolometers are described for the plasma energy transport study in the Madison Symmetric Torus plasma confinement device. Both types use pyrocrystals of LiTaO[sub 3] or LiNbO[sub 3] as the sensors. One type is used for measurements of the radiated heat losses and is situated at the vacuum shell inner surface. Another type is insertable in the plasma and measures the plasma particle heat flux. The frequency response of the bolometers is measured to be in the 150--200 kHz range. The range of the measured power fluxes is 0.1 W/cm[sup 2] 10 kW/cm[sup 2] and can be adjusted by changing the size of the entrance aperture. The lower limit is determined by the amplifier noise and the frequency bandwidth, the higher limit by destruction of the bolometer sensor.
Date: January 7, 1993
Creator: Fiksel, G.; Frank, J. & Holly, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fast pyrobolometers for measurements of plasma heat fluxes and radiation losses in the MST Reversed Field Pinch (open access)

Fast pyrobolometers for measurements of plasma heat fluxes and radiation losses in the MST Reversed Field Pinch

Two types of fast bolometers are described for the plasma energy transport study in the Madison Symmetric Torus plasma confinement device. Both types use pyrocrystals of LiTaO{sub 3} or LiNbO{sub 3} as the sensors. One type is used for measurements of the radiated heat losses and is situated at the vacuum shell inner surface. Another type is insertable in the plasma and measures the plasma particle heat flux. The frequency response of the bolometers is measured to be in the 150--200 kHz range. The range of the measured power fluxes is 0.1 W/cm{sup 2} 10 kW/cm{sup 2} and can be adjusted by changing the size of the entrance aperture. The lower limit is determined by the amplifier noise and the frequency bandwidth, the higher limit by destruction of the bolometer sensor.
Date: January 7, 1993
Creator: Fiksel, G.; Frank, J. & Holly, D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility of a novel approach for fast, economical determination of radiation damage in nuclear reactor cores. [Annual report, November 1, 1992--October 30, 1993] (open access)

Feasibility of a novel approach for fast, economical determination of radiation damage in nuclear reactor cores. [Annual report, November 1, 1992--October 30, 1993]

Progress was made in the following areas: radioinduced segregation (modeling and experiment), deformation of irradiated microstructures, stress corrosion cracking of irradiated microstructures, and development of an apparatus to determine the role of deformation on the radiation microstructure in-situ. Materials used were based on Ni-Cr-Fe and 304L.
Date: July 7, 1993
Creator: Was, G. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fully coupled nonlinear thermomechanical analysis including general contact in PALM2D (open access)

Fully coupled nonlinear thermomechanical analysis including general contact in PALM2D

Fully coupled thermomechanical analysis solves the thermal problem on the deforming geometry and incorporates thermal loads into the mechanical problem. In contrast, traditional thermal stress analysis is based on an uncoupled approach in which the thermal problem is solved on a fixed geometry, and the resulting temperatures are then used to load a mechanical problem. Thermal contact, in which heat flow paths depend on the mechanical deformations of adjacent surfaces, is a major component of many fully coupled thermomechanical analyses. This paper presents the development of a thermomechanical finite element formulation, including contact. The proposed approach accommodates arbitrarily large relative motions of contact surfaces, fully unstructured meshes, pressure-dependent contact resistance, conduction across small gaps, and approximate models for convection and radiation. The theory described herein has been implemented in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory public code PALM2D and has been used to solve a diverse set of thermomechanical problems. Examples illustrating the performance of this code on large deformation thermomechanical problems are presented and discussed.
Date: October 7, 1993
Creator: Engelmann, B. E. & Whirley, R. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fundamental studies of hydrogen interaction with supported meta and bimetallic catalysts (open access)

Fundamental studies of hydrogen interaction with supported meta and bimetallic catalysts

The thesis is divided into 3 parts: interaction of H with silica supported Ru catalysts (high pressure in situ NMR), in situ NMR study of H interaction with supported Ru-group IB bimetallic catalysts, and in-situ NMR study of H effects on silica-supported Pt, Rh and Ru catalysts.
Date: December 7, 1993
Creator: Bhatia, S.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gas cooled leads. Part 1, Theoretical study (open access)

Gas cooled leads. Part 1, Theoretical study

The intent of this paper is to cover as completely as possible and in sufficient detail the topics relevant to lead design. The first part identifies the problems associated with lead design, states the mathematical formulation, and shows the results of numerical and analytical solutions. The second part presents the results of a parametric study whose object is to determine the best choice for cooling method, material, and geometry. These findings axe applied in a third part to the design of high-current leads whose end temperatures are determined from the surrounding equipment. It is found that cooling method or improved heat transfer are not critical once good heat exchange is established. The range 5 < RRR < 100 is found to be acceptable for the relative resistivity ratio of the material. Use of high transition temperature super conductor materials is not warranted for this application. The optimal geometry (L:length, A:cross-section) for given current (1) follows the relation LI/A = 2 {times} 10{sup 5} but extends over a large of values. Mass flow needed to prevent thermal runaway varies linearly with current above a given threshold. Below that value, the mass flow is constant with current. Transient analysis shows no evidence …
Date: December 7, 1993
Creator: Shutt, R. P.; Rehak, M. L. & Hornik, K. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gas phase thermochemistry of organogermanium compounds (open access)

Gas phase thermochemistry of organogermanium compounds

A variety of silyl- and alkyl-germylene precursors have been synthesized and subsequently pyrolyzed in the gas phase. Arrhenius parameters were obtained employing a pulsed-stirred flow reactor for these unimolecular decompositions. These precursors are divided into two major categories by mechanism of germylene extrusion: {alpha}-elimination precursors and germylacetylenes. The extrusion of germylenes from germylacetylene precursors is of primary interest. A mechanism is proposed employing a germacyclopropene intermediate. Evidence supporting this mechanism is presented. In the process of exploring germylacetylenes as germylene precursors, an apparent dyatropic rearrangement between germanium and silicon was observed. This rearrangement was subsequently explored.
Date: December 7, 1993
Creator: Engel, J. P.
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library