The utility of the arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) code format is evaluated in the context of use in simulating metal forming processes. Emphasis is on large deformation processes such as casting, forging and extrusion. The basic point at issue is whether the continual remapping capability inherent in the ALE approach can provide advantages relative to the more standard approach of using a Lagrangian mesh but allowing for isolated remeshing as required. A particular ALE implementation, ALE3D, is used as the basis for the discussion. Pros and cons for this approach are presented along with illustrations of its application to actual forming problems.

We have studied the effect of pulsed plasma discharges on gas mixtures simulating diesel engine exhaust by modeling and by experiment. Our modeling results have shown that the pulsed plasma can convert NO{sub x} to N{sub 2} using the nitrogen itself as a reductant. However, this process is energetically unfavorable for the plasma regime of our measurements. In our experiments we found that addition of hydrocarbons improves substantially the energy efficiency of pulsed plasma NO{sub x} reduction. Real exhaust gas contains some gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide that may prove sufficient for improving the energy efficiency of the ``right`` pulsed plasma reduction process.

The Electronic Systems Contract Administration Payment And Invoicing Database (ESCAPAID) project is a cooperative effort to simplify and automate the contracting and billing of services between Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).The ESCAPAID project is intended to improve productivity in both organizations by reducing the inaccuracies and the amount of manual effort in the current system. Within LANL, the project is intended to streamline operations for purchasing (N4AT Division), finance (FIN Division), and Laboratory personnel requesting maintenance contract services from Digital. In October 1992, Digital and LANL released a jointly developed Program Definition, which provides an overview of the proposed system and an eight-step strategy for implementing a preliminary model.The second step of this strategy calls for the development of a model plan, including a description of afl high-level tasks that need to be completed and a series of Gantt and PERT charts. In order to accomplish this step, representatives from Digital and LANL participated in a Joint Application Development (JAD) workshop on January 19 and 20, 1993. The results of the workshop are reflected in this document.

The Electronic Systems Contract Administration Payment And Invoicing Database (ESCAPAID) project is a cooperative effort to simplify and automate the contracting and billing of services between Digital Equipment Corporation (Digital) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).The ESCAPAID project is intended to improve productivity in both organizations by reducing the inaccuracies and the amount of manual effort in the current system. Within LANL, the project is intended to streamline operations for purchasing (N4AT Division), finance (FIN Division), and Laboratory personnel requesting maintenance contract services from Digital. In October 1992, Digital and LANL released a jointly developed Program Definition, which provides an overview of the proposed system and an eight-step strategy for implementing a preliminary model.The second step of this strategy calls for the development of a model plan, including a description of afl high-level tasks that need to be completed and a series of Gantt and PERT charts. In order to accomplish this step, representatives from Digital and LANL participated in a Joint Application Development (JAD) workshop on January 19 and 20, 1993. The results of the workshop are reflected in this document.

There is interest in eliminating the use of chlorinated solvents such as methyl chloroform at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant for environmental reasons. Solvent 140 has been offered as an acceptable replacement. Methyl chloroform has frequently been used for the final cleaning of materials just prior to welding. Electron beam welds were made in an aluminum alloy to compare the potential contamination effect of Solvent 140 to that of methyl chloroform. Tests indicated that the Solvent 140 did not have an adverse effect on pumpdown time of electron beam welding equipment during normal handling. Solvent 140 resulted in significantly less weld porosity than; methyl chloroform in this test.

A series of tornadoes struck the east Tennessee area on Sunday afternoon, February 21, 1993 around Knoxville, Lenoir City, and Oak Ridge causing millions of dollars worth of damage to both homes and businesses in the area, killing one, injuring a number of persons, and leaving a large area without power for many hours or even days due to damage to the local TVA transmission line network. One tornado touched down in the Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation near the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, continued through the Union Valley business district located just east of the plant, through the adjacent University of Tennessee Arboretum and then continued into the communities of Claxton and Powell. The path length of the tornado was approximately 13 miles. Damage to the Y-12 Plant was minimal, but the Union Valley business district was seriously damaged, including the Fusion Energy Design Center (FEDC) which houses a number of DOE related projects. The preliminary cost estimate of the damage to DOE facilities (both at Y-12 and at the FEDC) was around $520,000. This paper describes the local meteorological data, the tornado that struck near the Y-12 plant, the resulting damage both to the DOE facilities and …

We investigate the effects of secondary interactions in nucleus- nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions using a modified HIJET Monte Carlo generator. The effects of N[sup *] production is explored and it is found that the numbers of kaons can almost be explained by their inclusion. However the transverse momentum spectrum of the kaons is not explained, since their production in HIJET is a soft secondary scattering process and not a hot thermal process like the data.

We investigate the effects of secondary interactions in nucleus- nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions using a modified HIJET Monte Carlo generator. The effects of N{sup *} production is explored and it is found that the numbers of kaons can almost be explained by their inclusion. However the transverse momentum spectrum of the kaons is not explained, since their production in HIJET is a soft secondary scattering process and not a hot thermal process like the data.

In 1991 a group of scientists from the Angara 5 pulsed power facility at the Kurchatov Institute in Troitsk, Russia had determined the thermal emission from an implosion of xenon gas onto an annular, molybdenum doped foam liner to be 30 TW/cm{sup 2}. This represents an extremely efficient conversion of energy into a high fluence radiation field. In order to verify this claim and better understand the process of producing radiation by means of a Z-pinch plasma device, a series of experiments were proposed through a collaboration from Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Due to previous experience with x-ray spectroscopic measurements in the XUV region, the team from Lawrence Livermore Lab took on the task of designing, constructing, and fielding the necessary diagnostic equipment to spatially and temporally resolve plasma temperatures throughout the implosion of the high Z foam target.

A system of Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learners, where each learner had produced a hypothesis by employing empirical risk minimization methods, is considered. When no access to additional examples is available, our objective is to make the system at least as efficient -- in terms of normalized precision or confidence -- as best of the learners. Two separate cases are studied. In the first case, the training samples used by the individual learners are known; a method that approaches (in a weak convergence sense) the optimal Bayesian fuser is proposed. In the second: Case, the training samples are not known; majority and location-based fusers are shown to achieve the objective.

A model has been developed that accounts for grain growth during, superplastic flow and its subsequent influence on stress-strain-strain rate behavior. These studies are experimentally based and have involved two different types of superplastic materials -- a quasi-single phase metal (Coronze 638) and a microduplex metal (ultrahigh-carbon steel - UHCS). In both materials the kinetics of strain-enhanced grain growth have been studied as a function of strain, strain rate and temperature. An equation for the rate of grain growth has been developed that incorporates the influence of temperature. The evolution of the grain size distribution during superplastic deformation has also been investigated. Our model integrates grain growth laws derived from these studies with two mechanism based, rate dependent constitutive laws to predict the stress-strainstrain rate behavior of materials during superplastic deformation. The influence of crain size distribution and its evolution with strain and strain rate on the stress-strain-strain rate behavior has been represented through the use of distributed parameters. The model can capture the stress-strain-strain rate behavior over a wide range of strains and strain rates with a single set of parameters. Many subtle features of the mechanical response of these materials can be adequately predicted.

We present the results of [Lambda] and K[sub s[sup o]] production from Si and Pb targets with 14.6[times][Lambda] Gev/c Si beams. The measured rapidity distributions and the transverse mass exponential slopes are presented and compared with models.

We present the results of {Lambda} and K{sub s{sup o}} production from Si and Pb targets with 14.6{times}{Lambda} Gev/c Si beams. The measured rapidity distributions and the transverse mass exponential slopes are presented and compared with models.

The observation that the structure of this material is sensitive to levels of doping sufficient to produce superconductivity ({Tc} {approximately}40 K) suggests an important role for structure in determining its electronic properties. Here we discuss unusual features of phase separation and studies of cooling rate dependence of the superconducting {Tc} relevant to this proposition.

If offsite power is interrupted, the availability of onsite alternating current power supplies is a major factor in assuring acceptable safety at commercial light-water-cooled nuclear power plants. To control the risk of severe care damage during station blackout accidents at a given plant, the reliability of the emergency diesel generators (EDGS) to start and load-run upon demand must be maintained at a sufficiently high level. The minimum EDG reliability, which we denote by RT, is targeted at either 0.95 or 0.975 per nuclear unit consistent with the reliability level that the plant operator assumed in the coping analysis for station blackout. In 1992 the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) considered an amendment that would require licensees to test and monitor EDG reliability against performance-based criteria that indicate possible degradation from the EDG target reliability levels. They originally proposed the following set of fixed sample-size triggers for use in monitoring EDG reliability. The purpose of this report is to compare the performance of the proposed triggers with corresponding alternative sequential variable sample-size triggers which potentially permit earlier detection of EDG reliability degradation without significantly increasing the false alarm rate. The comparison is to be done in a simulated use environment by …

If offsite power is interrupted, the availability of onsite alternating current power supplies is a major factor in assuring acceptable safety at commercial light-water-cooled nuclear power plants. To control the risk of severe care damage during station blackout accidents at a given plant, the reliability of the emergency diesel generators (EDGS) to start and load-run upon demand must be maintained at a sufficiently high level. The minimum EDG reliability, which we denote by RT, is targeted at either 0.95 or 0.975 per nuclear unit consistent with the reliability level that the plant operator assumed in the coping analysis for station blackout. In 1992 the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) considered an amendment that would require licensees to test and monitor EDG reliability against performance-based criteria that indicate possible degradation from the EDG target reliability levels. They originally proposed the following set of fixed sample-size triggers for use in monitoring EDG reliability. The purpose of this report is to compare the performance of the proposed triggers with corresponding alternative sequential variable sample-size triggers which potentially permit earlier detection of EDG reliability degradation without significantly increasing the false alarm rate. The comparison is to be done in a simulated use environment by …

A fast-running time-dependent one-dimensional particle code has been developed to simulate transients in both electrostatic quadrupole and electrostatic column heavy-ion injectors. Two-dimensional effects are incorporated through the use of an approximation to the transverse part of the Laplacian operator. Longitudinal electric fields are solved on a mesh. An external circuit is coupled to the column, and the effect of the beam on the circuit is modeled. Transients such as initial current spikes, space-charge de-bunching, and beam loading of the circuit, are simulated. Future directions for the code include introduction of envelope and centroid equations to provide beam radius and displacement information and the modeling of secondary electron currents arising from beam-spill.

A PSpice model of an induction accelerator cell switched by field-effect transistors (FETS) has been developed to simulate the modulator`s circuit performance and induction core flux behavior. A FET switched induction cell has been built that generate 4-kV, 1 {mu}s pulses at pulse rates exceeding 100 kHz. The circuit architecture provides for core reset between pulses and produces bursts of pulses that are variable in amplitude, pulse width and prf. The transistor switching array, energy storage capacitors, reset circuit, and cell core are all combined into a compact, low-impedance package. This high-prf induction cell is being developed as the accelerating element for a proposed heavy-ion recirculator, which is an arrangement of many small induction mM in a 30m diameter circle. The recirculator will accept 10-MeV ions from a linear ion accelerator, under development at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and continue their acceleration to 60-MeV by repeatedly passing the ion beam through the many 5-kV cells. As the ions gain speed, the cell prf must also keep pace by increasing from 70 kHz to 200 kHz. Simple PSpice models have been used to predict B-H loop behavior in the magnetic core and to analyze circuit performance. Simulations of the induction cell …

This report summarizes major developments in the last ten years which have greatly expanded the space nuclear reactor power systems technology base. In the SP-100 program, after a competition between liquid-metal, gas-cooled, thermionic, and heat pipe reactors integrated with various combinations of thermoelectric thermionic, Brayton, Rankine, and Stirling energy conversion systems, three concepts:were selected for further evaluation. In 1985, the high-temperature (1,350 K), lithium-cooled reactor with thermoelectric conversion was selected for full scale development. Since then, significant progress has been achieved including the demonstration of a 7-y-life uranium nitride fuel pin. Progress on the lithium-cooled reactor with thermoelectrics has progressed from a concept, through a generic flight system design, to the design, development, and testing of specific components. Meanwhile, the USSR in 1987--88 orbited a new generation of nuclear power systems beyond the, thermoelectric plants on the RORSAT satellites. The US has continued to advance its own thermionic fuel element development, concentrating on a multicell fuel element configuration. Experimental work has demonstrated a single cell operating time of about 1 1/2-y. Technology advances have also been made in the Stirling engine; an advanced engine that operates at 1,050 K is ready for testing. Additional concepts have been studied and experiments …

Three tests were conducted on 2.4 meter by 2.4 meter steel frames infilled with structural clay tile to determine the behavior and capacity when subjected to uniform lateral loads. An air bag was used to apply the out-of-plane loads. The walls were subjected to increasing load-unload cycles until virtual destruction of the infill. Cracking in the mortar joints occurred early in the tests, and then the primary load resisting mechanism was arching of the infilled panel. Typically, vertical arching occurred until failure of the top and bottom course tiles. Following failure of these courses, horizontal arching developed enabling the walls to maintain stability.