10-GW CO₂ laser system at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (open access)

10-GW CO₂ laser system at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility

Design and performance of a high peak-power CO{sub 2} laser system to produce subnanosecond IR pulses for electron acceleration experiment are presented. We discuss theoretical aspects of the picosecond laser pulse propagation in a molecular amplifier and a design approach towards compact Terawatt CO{sub 2} laser systems.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Pogorelsky, I.; Fischer, J. & Fisher, A. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A 50-MeV mm-wave electron linear accelerator system for production of tunable short wavelength synchrotron radiation (open access)

A 50-MeV mm-wave electron linear accelerator system for production of tunable short wavelength synchrotron radiation

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne in collaboration with the University of Illinois at Chicago and the University of Wisconsin at Madison is developing a new millimeter wavelength, 50-MeV electron linear accelerator system for production of coherent tunable wavelength synchrotron radiation. Modern micromachining techniques based on deep etch x-ray lithography, LIGA (Lithografie, Galvanoformung, Abformung), capable of producing high-aspect ratio structures are being considered for the fabrication of the accelerating components.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Nassiri, A.; Kustom, R. L.; Mills, F. E.; Kang, Y. W.; Matthews, P. J.; Grudzien, D. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A 200 kV fast rise time, low jitter, trigger system with magnetic pulse sharpener (open access)

A 200 kV fast rise time, low jitter, trigger system with magnetic pulse sharpener

The DARHT Facility is being designed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to produce high resolution flash radiographs of hydrodynamic experiments. Two linear induction accelerators (LIA), each in the range of 16 to 20 MeV, will be used to produce intense bremsstrahlung X-ray pulses of short duration (60 ns flat top). Each LIA will produce a 3 kA, high brightness, electron beam using a 4 MeV injector and a series of 250 kV induction cells. Technology demonstration of key accelerator subsystems is under progress at the DARHT Integrated Test Stand (ITS). The eight inductions cells present in the ITS are driven by a Maxwell prototype Induction Cell Pulsed Power Supply (ICPPS) which provides 250 kV, 70ns pulses via four Blumleins. Each Blumlein drives two cells and is triggered using independently controlled trigger units. This turnkey DARHT Trigger System, consisting of four separate trigger units, provides 200 kV trigger pulses with low jitter and fast rise time to each of the four Blumlein coaxial spark gaps. Details of the trigger system design and results obtained during extensive testing at Maxwell are described.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Jaitly, N. C.; Ramrus, A.; Coleman, M. D.; Earley, L. M.; Downing, J. N.; Reisch, H. H. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
500 MW demonstration of advanced wall-fired combustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions from coal fired boilers. Second quarterly technical progress report, [April--June 1993] (open access)

500 MW demonstration of advanced wall-fired combustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions from coal fired boilers. Second quarterly technical progress report, [April--June 1993]

The primary goal of this project is the characterization of the low NO{sub x} combustion equipment through the collection and analysis of long-term emissions data. A target of achieving fifty percent NO{sub x} reduction using combustion modifications has been established for the project. The project provides a stepwise retrofit of an advanced overfire air (AOFA) system followed by low NO{sub x} burners (LNB). During each test phase of the project, diagnostic, performance, long-term and verification testing will be performed. These tests are used to quantify the NO{sub x} reductions of each technology and evaluate the effects of those reductions on other combustion parameters such as particulate characteristics and boiler efficiency. Baseline, AOFA, and LNB without AOFA test segments have been completed. Analysis of the 94 days of LNB long-term data collected show the full-load NO{sub x} emission levels to be approximately 0.65 lb/MBtu with flyash LOI values of approximately 8 percent. Corresponding values for the AOFA configuration are 0.94 lb/MBtu and approximately 10 percent. For comparison, the long-term full-load, baseline NO{sub x} emission level was approximately 1.24 lb/MBtu at 5.2 percent LOI. Comprehensive testing of the LNB plus AOFA configuration began in May 1993 and is scheduled to end during …
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Annual performance report for Environmental Oversight and Monitoring at Department of Energy facilities in New Mexico (open access)

1993 Annual performance report for Environmental Oversight and Monitoring at Department of Energy facilities in New Mexico

In October of 1990, the New Mexico Environment Department entered into an agreement with the US Department of Energy (DOE) to create the Department of Energy Oversight and Monitoring Program. This program is designed to create an avenue for the State to ensure DOE facilities are in compliance with applicable environmental regulations, to allow the State oversight and monitoring independent of the DOE, to allow the State valuable input into remediation decision making, and to protect the environment and the public health and safety of New Mexicans concerning DOE facility activities. This agreement, called the Agreement in Principle (AIP), includes all four of New Mexico`s DOE facilities: Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos; Sandia National Laboratories and the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute on Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque; and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Annual Progress Report for Subsidiary Agreement No. 2 (1991--1996) Between AECL and US/DOE for a Radioactive Waste Management Technical Co-Operative Program (open access)

1993 Annual Progress Report for Subsidiary Agreement No. 2 (1991--1996) Between AECL and US/DOE for a Radioactive Waste Management Technical Co-Operative Program

A coordinated research program on radioactive waste disposal is being carried out by the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and the US Department of Energy. This annual report describes progress in the following eight studies: Fundamental materials investigations; In-situ stress determination; Development of a spent fuel dissolution model; Large block tracer test--Experimental testing of retardation models; Laboratory and field tests of in-situ hydrochemical tools; Cigar Lake--Analogue study, actinide and fission product geochemistry; Performance assessment technology exchange; and Development of multiple-well hydraulic test and field tracer test methods.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Annual report on scientific programs: A broad research program on the sciences of complexity (open access)

1993 Annual report on scientific programs: A broad research program on the sciences of complexity

This report provides a summary of many of the research projects completed by the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) during 1993. These research efforts continue to focus on two general areas: the study of, and search for, underlying scientific principles governing complex adaptive systems, and the exploration of new theories of computation that incorporate natural mechanisms of adaptation (mutation, genetics, evolution).
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Department of Energy Records Management Conference (open access)

1993 Department of Energy Records Management Conference

This document consists of viewgraphs from the presentations at the conference. Topics included are: DOE records management overview, NIRMA and ARMA resources, NARA records management training, potential quality assurance records, filing systems, organizing and indexing technical records, DOE-HQ initiatives, IRM reviews, status of epidemiologic inventory, disposition of records and personal papers, inactive records storage, establishing administrative records, managing records at Hanford, electronic mail -- legal and records issues, NARA-GAO reports status, consultive selling, automated indexing, decentralized approach to scheduling at a DOE office, developing specific records management programs, storage and retrieval at Savannah River Plant, an optical disk case study, and special interest group reports.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Effluent and environmental monitoring report for the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Pittsburgh Site (open access)

1993 Effluent and environmental monitoring report for the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Pittsburgh Site

The results of the radiological and non-radiological environmental monitoring programs for 1993 at the Bettis-Pittsburgh Site are presented. The results obtained from the monitoring programs demonstrate that the existing procedures ensured that environmental releases during 1993 were in accordance with applicable Federal and State regulations. Evaluation of the environmental data indicates that the current operations at the Site continue to have no adverse effect on the quality of the environment. A conservative assessment of radiation exposure to the general public as a result of Site operations demonstrated that the dose received by any member of the public was well below the most restrictive dose limits established by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Department of Energy.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 PVUSA progress report (open access)

1993 PVUSA progress report

Photovoltaics for Utility Scale Applications (PVUSA) is a national public-private partnership that is assessing and demonstrating the viability of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) electric generation systems and recent developments in module technology. This report updates the progress of the PVUSA project, review the status and performance of all PV installations during 1993, and summarizes key accomplishments and conclusions for the year. The PVUSA project has five objectives designed to narrow the gap between a large utility industry that is unfamiliar with PV, and a small PV industry that is aware of a potentially large utility market but unfamiliar with how to meet its requirements. The objectives are: to evaluate the performance, reliability, and cost of promising PV modules and balance-of-system (BOS) components side-by-side at a single location; to assess PV system operation and maintenance (O and M) in a utility setting; to compare PV technologies in diverse geographic areas; to provide US utilities with hands-on experience in designing, procuring, and operating PV systems; and to document and disseminate knowledge gained from the project.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
1993 Radiation Protection Workshop: Proceedings (open access)

1993 Radiation Protection Workshop: Proceedings

The 1993 DOE Radiation Protection Workshop was conducted from April 13 through 15, 1993 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Over 400 Department of Energy Headquarters and Field personnel and contractors from the DOE radiological protection community attended the Workshop. Forty-nine papers were presented in eleven separate sessions: Radiological Control Manual Implementation, New Approaches to Instrumentation and Calibration, Radiological Training Programs and Initiatives, External Dosimetry, Internal Dosimetry, Radiation Exposure Reporting and Recordkeeping, Air Sampling and Monitoring Issues, Decontamination and Decommissioning of Sites, Contamination Monitoring and Control, ALARA/Radiological Engineering, and Current and Future Health Physics Research. Individual papers are indexed separately on the database.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
3000 vs. 3600 psig NGV on-board storage pressure evaluation (open access)

3000 vs. 3600 psig NGV on-board storage pressure evaluation

The objective of this evaluation is to perform a comprehensive analysis of two on-board storage pressures or natural gas vehicles. The choice of operating pressure is a fairly complicated one, with implications for a variety of refueling station and vehicle cost issues. Furthermore, the benefit of higher storage pressure operation (increased vehicle driving distance) has been poorly understood, both in precision as well as in value. This study will attempt to combine the relevant factors to aid the industry in developing a framework for deciding the merits of higher operating pressure. This study will not attempt to issue a recommendation on whether the additional cost of 3600 psig storage is justifiable, but will establish a model for decision making.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Biederman, R.; Blazek, C.; Freeman, P. & Gauthier, S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
3M Austin concentrating photovoltaic plant two-year performance report, 1992--1993. Final report (open access)

3M Austin concentrating photovoltaic plant two-year performance report, 1992--1993. Final report

The U.S. Department of Energy, the state of Texas, 3M and the City of Austin Electric Utility jointly funded the installation of a nominal 300 kilowatt concentrating solar photovoltaic system above the parking garage of the new 3M facility in Austin. The plants operating performance for the years 1992-1993 are presented.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Hoffner, J. & Jaster, P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Abstracts of papers presented at the LVIII Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on quantitative Biology: DNA and chromosomes (open access)

Abstracts of papers presented at the LVIII Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on quantitative Biology: DNA and chromosomes

This volume contains the abstracts of oral and poster presentations made at the LVIII Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology entitles DNA & Chromosomes. The meeting was held June 2--June 9, 1993 at Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The accelerated testing of cements in brines (open access)

The accelerated testing of cements in brines

Cementitious materials may be employed in settings where they face prolonged exposure to Mg-rich brines. This study evaluated the possibility of using high temperatures to accelerate brine-cement reaction rates. Class-H cement coupons were tested in Mg-K-Na-C1- SO{sub 4} brines to 100{degrees}C. MgC1{sub 2}-NaC1 solutions were also employed in a test sequence that extended to 200{degrees}C. It was found that accelerated testing could be used successfully to evaluate the compatability of cementitious materials with such brines.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Krumhansl, J. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration in astrophysics (open access)

Acceleration in astrophysics

The origin of cosmic rays and applicable laboratory experiments are discussed. Some of the problems of shock acceleration for the production of cosmic rays are discussed in the context of astrophysical conditions. These are: The presumed unique explanation of the power law spectrum is shown instead to be a universal property of all lossy accelerators; the extraordinary isotropy of cosmic rays and the limited diffusion distances implied by supernova induced shock acceleration requires a more frequent and space-filling source than supernovae; the near perfect adiabaticity of strong hydromagnetic turbulence necessary for reflecting the accelerated particles each doubling in energy roughly 10{sup 5} to {sup 6} scatterings with negligible energy loss seems most unlikely; the evidence for acceleration due to quasi-parallel heliosphere shocks is weak. There is small evidence for the expected strong hydromagnetic turbulence, and instead, only a small number of particles accelerate after only a few shock traversals; the acceleration of electrons in the same collisionless shock that accelerates ions is difficult to reconcile with the theoretical picture of strong hydromagnetic turbulence that reflects the ions. The hydromagnetic turbulence will appear adiabatic to the electrons at their much higher Larmor frequency and so the electrons should not be scattered …
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Colgate, S. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator Technology Division progress report, FY 1993 (open access)

Accelerator Technology Division progress report, FY 1993

This report discusses the following topics: A Next-Generation Spallation-Neutron Source; Accelerator Performance Demonstration Facility; APEX Free-Electron Laser Project; The Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) Program; Intense Neutron Source for Materials Testing; Linac Physics and Special Projects; Magnetic Optics and Beam Diagnostics; Radio-Frequency Technology; Accelerator Controls and Automation; Very High-Power Microwave Sources and Effects; and GTA Installation, Commissioning, and Operation.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Schriber, S. O.; Hardekopf, R. A. & Heighway, E. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accident simulation in a chemical process facility at the Savannah River Site. Revision 1 (open access)

Accident simulation in a chemical process facility at the Savannah River Site. Revision 1

The US Department of Energy requires Westinghouse Savannah River Company to safely operate the chemical separations facilities at the Savannah River Site (SRS). As part of the safety analysis program, simulation of a proposed frame waste recovery (FWR) system is needed to determine the possible accident consequences that may affect public safety. This paper details the simulation process for the proposed frame waste recovery process and describes the analytical tools used in order to make estimates of accident consequences. Since the process in question has been operated, historical data and statistics about its operation are available. Software tools have been developed to allow analysis of the frame waste recovery system, including the generation of system specific dose conversion factors for a number of unique situations. Accident scenarios involving spilled liquid material are analyzed and account for the specific floor geometry of the facility. Confinement and filtration systems are considered. Analysis of source terms is a limiting factor which affects the entire evaluation process. In the past, facility source terms were generally constant with occasional variations from established patterns. As new site missions unfold, significant variations in source terms can be expected. The impact of these variations on the safety analysis …
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Hope, E. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Activation of oncogenes by radon progeny x-ray]. Final technical report (open access)

[Activation of oncogenes by radon progeny x-ray]. Final technical report

Dose-response relationship for helium ions, gamma radiation, and x- rays were sought for rat embryonic cells transfected with Ha-ras oncogenes.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Ling, C. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adsorption of water to the metal/polymer interface studied by neutron and X-ray reflectivity (open access)

Adsorption of water to the metal/polymer interface studied by neutron and X-ray reflectivity

Neutron reflectivity is among the few techniques able to probe a buried interface. Through the use of isotopic labeling, complicated interface structures may be determined with a resolution on the order of 5 {angstrom}. However, for highly complex thin film and interface structures, it is often necessary to perform complementary experiments to reduce the number of unknown variables, and thus enable an unambiguous interpretation of the neutron reflectivity. To this end, the authors have combined X-ray and neutron reflectivity to study changes in a metal/polymer interface (molybdenum/polyurethane, hereafter Mo/PU) upon exposure to a humid environment. In particular, the authors have tracked the adsorption of moisture to the interface and variations in the density of the interphase. This information was obtained as a function of the concentration of a silane coupling agent added to the bulk of the PU. Adhesion of the Mo/PU interface is important to programs in the DOE complex. This paper reports the first results of this study.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Kent, M. S.; McIntyre, D. C.; Smith, G. S.; Baker, S.; Wages, S.; Nyitray, A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced direct coal liquefaction concepts. Quarterly report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993 (open access)

Advanced direct coal liquefaction concepts. Quarterly report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993

The bench unit was operated in the two stage configuration during this quarter, and two runs (DOE-008 and DOE-009), which included eight mass balance periods were completed. Addition of potassium carbonate, although the best catalyst for promoting the shift reaction in the first stage, led to severe plugging problems particularly between the first and second stage reactors. Therefore, sodium aluminate, less effective as a shift catalyst, but better for unit operation, was used as an alternate. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate was used throughout as a second stage catalyst, with and without sodium aluminate as shift catalyst. Overall coal conversions under the conditions studied were approximately 80% wt on MAF coal and C{sub 1}--C{sub 4} gas yields were about 10% wt. Conditions in both stages need to be optimized to improve coal conversion and maximize distillable oil yield. The results so far indicate that increased severity and better carbon monoxide shift conversion are required in the first stage, while maximum pressure ({approximately}2,500 psi) is needed in the second stage. The effects of other catalysts also need to be determined, including the establishment of optimum conditions for operation with those catalysts. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate was shown to possess no measurable activity as a shift catalyst …
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Berger, D. J.; Parker, R. J. & Simpson, P. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced direct coal liquefaction concepts. Quarterly report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 (open access)

Advanced direct coal liquefaction concepts. Quarterly report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993

Six runs on the bench unit were successfully completed this quarter. The runs covered twenty five different operating conditions and yield periods, and involved 336 hours of operation. In the bench unit, increased temperature of first stage operation (410{degree}C) and direct addition of the powdered solid sodium aluminate to the feed as first stage catalyst improved both coal and carbon monoxide conversion. To achieve 90%+ overall coal conversion, temperatures of 430{degree}C+ were required in the second stage. Oil yields (pentane soluble liquid product) in excess of 65 wt % based on MAF Black Thunder coal, were achieved both with iron oxide/dimethyl disulfide and ammonium molybdate/carbon disulfide second stage catalysts. C{sub l}-C{sub 3} hydrogen gas yields were modest, generally 7-8 wt % on MAF coal, and overall hydrogen consumption (including first stage shift hydrogen) was in the order of 7-8 wt % on MAF coal. The ammonium molybdate catalyst system appeared to give slightly higher oil yields and hydrogen consumption, as was expected, but the differences may not be significant.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: Berger, D. J.; Parker, R. J. & Simpson, P. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research. Technical progress report, April 1, 1993--June 30, 1993 (open access)

Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research. Technical progress report, April 1, 1993--June 30, 1993

The responses to the first Request for Proposals issued by AGTSR in March were received and evaluated by the industrial Review Board. Ten were selected for subcontract awards, which are presently being negotiated. The number of Performing Member universities has increased by six, to 56, since the last report. Two additional members are pending.
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Light Water Reactor Plants System 80+{trademark} Design Certification Program. Annual progress report, October 1, 1992--September 30, 1993 (open access)

Advanced Light Water Reactor Plants System 80+{trademark} Design Certification Program. Annual progress report, October 1, 1992--September 30, 1993

The purpose of this report is to provide a status of the progress that was made towards Design Certification of System 80+{trademark} during the US government`s 1993 fiscal year. The System 80+ Advanced Light Water Reactor (ALWR) is a 3931 MW{sub t} (1350 MWe) Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). The design consists of an essentially complete plant. It is based on evolutionary improvements to the Standardized System 80 nuclear steam supply system in operation at Palo Verde Units 1, 2, and 3, and the Duke Power Company P-81 balance-of-plant (BOP) that was designed and partially constructed at the Cherokee plant site. The System 80/P-81 original design has been substantially enhanced to increase conformance with the EPRI ALWR Utility Requirements Document (URD). Some design enhancements incorporated in the System 80+ design are included in the four units currently under construction in the Republic of Korea. These units form the basis of the Korean standardization program. The full System 80+ standard design has been offered to the Republic of China, in response to their recent bid specification. The ABB-CE Standard Safety Analysis Report (CESSAR-DC) was submitted to the NRC and a Draft Safety Evaluation Report was issued by the NRC in October 1992. …
Date: December 31, 1993
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library