The FFAG accelerator requires static fields that increase with radius along the accelerator midplane according to B = B{sub 0} (R/R{sub 0}){sup 13.4}. The field is generated by equally spaced magnets around the circumference and varies from a maximum of 4.1 T to a minimum of {minus}1.9 T. The general coil design employs cryostable magnets wound with aluminum stabilized superconductor. Each magnet has resistive pole face windings outside of the cryostat to allow for field fine tuning after construction. A set of iron-free coil windings generate the required field distribution.

We report on operational experience with and experimental performance of the SLD barrel Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector from the 1992 and 1993 physics runs. The liquid (C{sub 6}F{sub 14}) and gas (C{sub 5}F{sub 12}) radiator recirculation systems have performed well, and the drift gas supply system has operated successfully with TMAE for three years. Cherenkov rings have been observed from both the liquid and gas radiators. The number and angular resolution of Cherenkov photons have been measured, and found to be close to design specifications.

Recent highlights of the results of x-ray scattering studies of the structure and phase behavior of smooth and vicinal Pt(001) surfaces are reviewed.

Objective is to determine the elastic constants of thin films deposited on substrates, measure residual stresses, and detect and characterize defects in thin film substrate configurations. A line-focus acoustic microscope is being used to measure speed of surface acoustic waves (SAW) in thin film/substrate system. V(z) curves (record of transducer voltage output (V) with variation of distance z between acoustic lens and specimen) were calculated in terms of characteristic functions of acoustic lens and reflectance function of fluid-loaded specimen, and were compared with data for isotropic, anisotropic, and layered anisotropic materials. For thin film/substrate of known elasticity, theoretical surface acoustic wave velocities agree with measured V(z) curves for full range of wave propagation directions. Results have been obtained for homogeneous nitride films and transition-metal nitride superlattice films.

This document will establish a working standard for testing optical fiber and unshielded twisted pair cables included in the Lab-wide telecommunications cabling system. The purpose of these standard testing procedures is to deliver to all Sandians a reliable, low-maintenance, state-of-the-art, ubiquitous telecommunications cabling infrastructure capable of satisfying all current and future telecommunication needs.

Areas of emphasis include acceleration algorithms for the Monte Carlo analysis of lattice field and gauge theories, quaternionic generalizations of complex quantum mechanics and field theory, application of the renormalization group to the QCD phase transition, the quantum Hall effect, and black holes. Other work involved string theory, statistical properties of energy levels in integrable quantum systems, baryon asymmetry and the electroweak phase transition, anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background, and theory of superconductors.

This document provides a range of high, medium, and low case long-term projections of Bonneville Power Administration`s (BPA) wholesale power rates and a medium case long-term projection of BPA`s wheeling rates. These projections are produced annually by BPA. BPA uses these projections in long-term marketing, resource, transmission, and financial planning assessments. BPA`s projections also are used by public utility commissions, utilities, and others for a variety of planning purposes. The analysis used for these rate projections assumes that current rate making methodologies continue into the future and are further based on certain assumptions about regional loads, extra-regional markets, the costs of resources, BPA`s financial requirements, and the capability of the region`s power plants. While these projections are intended to address the overall uncertainty in rate levels, BPA realizes that the future will not reflect any specific set of assumptions. The rate projections in this document have been prepared prior to the Draft 1993 BPA Marketing Plan, the implementation of which is almost certain to push BPA away from any set of assumptions in this document. Therefore, this document can be thought of as representing the ``old`` BPA with its products and policies. It can be viewed as a starting point …

In casting, fluidity is the measure of the distance a metal can flow in a channel before being stopped by solidification. During mold filling, the metal loses heat to the surrounding mold, thereby cooling and becoming more viscous until the leading portion solidifies and no further flow is possible. A coupled heat-transfer and fluid-flow modeling of a spiral, involving the use of thermophysical properties to determine material fluidity, has been conducted. Fluidity experiments were performed by Caterpillar; several spiral test castings were poured. Simulations of these experiments utilized the Casting Process Simulator (CAPS) software developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Two types of two dimensional spiral geometries with different assumptions were considered: (1) a 2-D laterally stretched spiral and (2) a 3-D lateral spiral. Computed mold filling is in good agreement with experiment. Time required by metal/gas interface to attain specific positions in the spiral arm also compares favorably with the experiment. Influence of process variables, especially pour time, is discussed. CAPS software was used to investigate validity of dimensionality assumptions and to evaluate ability of CAPS to model fluidity adequately.

This report was prepared at the request of the US Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management for an objective comparison of the merits of battery energy storage with superconducting magnetic energy storage technology for utility applications. Conclusions are drawn regarding the best match of each technology with these utility application requirements. Staff from the Utility Battery Storage Systems Program and the superconductivity Programs at Sandia National contributed to this effort.

Ion mixing was studied in polycrystalline Nb/V and single-crystal Mo/V superlattices and in bilayers of the same materials. Systematic variation in the modulation wavelength, {Lambda}, revealed a factor of three decrease in mixing efficiency at small {Lambda} for Nb/V. The decrease appears to coincide with a structural transition in which the Nb/V superlattices become coherent. The results are consistent with a diffusion-induced grain boundary migration interpretation of mixing during irradiation.

We have characterize the performance, including the spatial intensity profiles of the signal and depleted pump beams, of a near-infrared, ring optical parametric oscillator.

A number of applications would benefit from sources of tunable coherent ultraviolet (uv) radiation in the 250 to 400 nm range. Among these are uv fluorescence laser detection and ranging (LIDAR). Other applications such as photolithography could use a fixed-frequency solid-state equivalent to excimer lasers. Broad tunability in this wavelength region has generally been accessed by frequency doubling tunable visible or near infrared lasers or by frequency mixing these lasers with the harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser. Unfortunately, to cover the full wavelength range requires multiple dye changes and/or multiple nonlinear crystals because of the relatively narrow tuning range of any one laser medium. The use of optical parametric oscillators (OPO`s) with their wide tuning range as a tunable source of near infrared light coupled with a single {beta}-barium borate (BBO) crystal for sum frequency mixing with the Nd:YAG harmonics should yield a convenient alternative to cover this wavelength range. In this paper we demonstrate that an OPO can be efficiently sum frequency mixed with the Nd:YAG harmonics to produce tunable uv radiation in the 250--400 nm range. This is significant because OPO`s generally have poor beam quality which limits their nonlinear conversion in critically phase matched processes. Specifically, we …

An efficient modeling technique for transversely isotropic, inhomogeneous media, is developed using a mix of analytical equations and numerical calculations. The analytic equation for the raypath in a factorized transversely isotropic (FTI) media with linear velocity variation, derived by Shearer and Chapman, is used to trace between two points. In addition, I derive an analytical equation for geometrical spreading in FTI media that aids in preserving program efficiency; however, the traveltime is calculated numerically. I then generalize the method to treat general transversely isotropic (TI) media that are not factorized anisotropic inhomogeneous by perturbing the FTI traveltimes, following the perturbation ideas of Cerveny and Filho. A Kirchhoff-summation-based program relying on Trorey`s (1970) diffraction method is used to generate synthetic seismograms for such a medium. For the type of velocity models treated, the program is much more efficient than finite-difference and general ray-trace modeling techniques.

Standard alpha detectors are severely limited when monitoring alpha contamination on large surfaces and the inside surfaces of pipes, ducts, and equipment. The Long-Range Alpha Detector (LRAD) system overcomes these problems by detecting the ion pairs created by an alpha particle in ambient air, rather than the alpha particle directly. These ion pairs are transported to a collection grid by either an air current or an electric field and create a small electric current (typically 10{sup {minus}13} to 10{sup {minus}14} A) that is read by an electrometer and displayed on a data acquisition system. This method of detection is used to create monitoring systems for both the environmental restoration and decontamination and decommissioning fields.

This paper presents an overview of an analytical and experimental system identification and control design study performed on a controlled structure test bed, the Sandia Truss. The purpose of this project was to assess the capability of several identification and control methods for vibration suppression of large structures. The Sandia Truss, like most structures, represents a challenge to the existing identification and control methods due to high modal density, closely coupled dynamics, external unmeasured inputs, and frequency regimes with poor signal-to-noise characteristics. Because large space structures will require a coordinated control involving multiple disturbances and control objectives, such as line of sight or system quiescence at a specified location, this study focused on multiple-input/multiple-output identification and control. For the study reported in this paper, control design models were developed from experimentally obtained data using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm with Data Correlation (ERADC); and, the control design was performed using the H{infinity}/{mu}-synthesis technique.

The Industry/University ATS research program is the result of two planning workshops. Workshop I was held April 8--10, 1991 and had the goal of identifying research needs for advanced gas turbine cycles that would permit rapid commercialization of cycles with significant improvements over the machines currently under development, in terms of the cost of electricity produced and the environmental burdens resulting from their use in power producing. Workshop II was held in January 1992 and continued the identification of the research needs to develop advanced gas turbine systems. The goals established for the ATS systems were: (1) efficiency exceeding 60% for large utility turbine system and 15% improvement in heat rate for industrial systems; (2) busbar energy costs 10% less than current state of the art and (3) fuel flexible designs. In addition Workshop II participants agreed that an industry driven research consortium was an acceptable mechanism to achieve base technology development needs.

The Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research Program was included in DOE`s Advanced Turbine Systems initiative to conduct basic research in support of the overall ATS program, and to strengthen the university gas turbine technology base in the USA. The results of the research will be transferred to the industrial members to enhance and/or facilitate their designs of advanced gas turbine powerplants. Concurrently, the involvement of many students both graduate and undergraduate, will provide a better qualified group of engineers for hire by the industry.

Eighty-eight people from five Hanford contractors gathered November 17, 1993, at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to embark on a quest for quality in Technical Communications. PNL`s Applied Technologies Communication (ATC) section of the Technical Information and Communications Department (TI&CD) hosted the half-day Quest for Quality seminar, which covered such topics as document design, site-wide production standards, and ``reinventing government.`` The seminar was the first of its kind to include technical communications professionals from all Hanford Site contractors; attendees included technical editors and writers, publications assistants, text processors, and document production staff. A complete list of the attendees is included as Appendix A and the presenters are listed in Appendix B. Five Hanford contractors have technical communications staffs, all trying to meet the needs of one primary customer: the US Department of Energy (DOE). Historically, these contractors have maintained different processes and standards with regard to document production, and little interaction or information sharing has occurred. To begin remedying that situation, PNL invited technical communicators across the Hanford Site to attend the first Quest for Quality Technical Communications Seminar. The purpose of the seminar was to identify ways to improve the quality of Hanford`s communication products and processes and to strengthen …

This document describes the management of the Calibration Program of the Instrumentation and Controls Division`s Technical Support Department (ISD). The implementation of the program is the responsibility of ISD; however, the decision as to whether or not equipment is calibrated is the responsibility of the end user. It is imperative that all parties maintain timely and effective dialogue to ensure that the process is adequate to meet the needs of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The program is a planned, systematic schedule of actions necessary to provide confidence that equipment used to make measurements or quality judgments conforms to established technical requirements and is traceable to nationally recognized standards. It is especially important to place this guidance in the context for which it is intended. ORNL instrumentation support at the shop and facility level is the primary application. Energy Systems and site policy provide the umbrella guidance needed for overall measuring and test equipment support.

It is shown that the fields generated by relativistic electron (positron) bunches moving in overdense cold plasma have two components -- wake and Coulomb. The existence of the Coulomb component is caused by the absence of the Debay screening of the charge moving in plasma with the velocity greater than the thermal velocity of the plasma electrons. It is shown that at some conditions the contribution of the Coulomb component to focusing and self-focusing of the electron (positron) bunches, and wake field generation could be essential. This conclusion is valid for different descriptions of cold plasma-relativistic electron bunch system.

The Savannah River Site (SRS) environmental-appraisal/surveillance program is designed to monitor environmental performance and to ensure that regulatory requirements are met. The appraisal/surveillance program is a two-tiered system which consists of external and internal appraisals and surveillances. External appraisals/surveillances are conducted by organizations not reporting to SRS management. The internal appraisals/surveillances are conducted by site organizations referred to as organizations. External appraisals include Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) regulatory appraisals, DOE-SR and DOE-HQ appraisals, and operating contractor reviews. These appraisals are the result of regulatory requirements, DOE orders, or operating contractor policies. The Environmental Protection Department (EPD) leads the coordination, planning, and scheduling support. The internal appraisal program consists of three types; management appraisals, program appraisals, and facility appraisals. All organizations developed and implemented a formal facility-appraisal program in February 1989. The first facility appraisal was completed during FY 89. To ensure consistency between departments, the SRS environmental appraisal procedure was completed in December 1988. EPD conducts both the management and program appraisals.

High-level nuclear wastes are currently being stored in carbon steel tanks at the Hanford Site. The wastes are stored in both single-shell tanks (SSTs) and double-shell tanks (DSTs). The SSTs have already exceeded their design life and some of these tanks have already leaked waste into the surrounding soil. The DSTs, on the other hand, were fabricated and put into operation more recently and have not been observed to show any leakage of wastes. One of the objectives at the Hanford Site is to monitor the degradation of the DSTs with the aid of in-tank corrosion probes. Outside the nuclear industry, electrochemical and resistance corrosion probes are in common use. The application of these probes to nuclear waste storage is generally complicated by the high radiation and complexed caustic environment. This paper deals with the details of a proposed development of commercial probes to monitor corrosion of the DSTs at the Hanford Site. Once the corrosion probes are successfully developed, the technology can be applied to SSTs and also transferred to other US Department of Energy (DOE) Sites.

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at Princeton will start its D-T experiments in late 1993, introducing and operating the tokamak with tritium in order to begin the study of burning plasma physics in D-T. Trace tritium injection experiments, using small amounts of tritium will begin in the fall of 1993. In preparation for these experiments, a series of tests with low concentrations of tritium inn deuterium have been performed as an initial qualification of the tritium systems. These tests began in April 1993. This paper describes the initial testing of the equipment in the TFTR tritium facility.

The purpose of the Y-12 Old Salvage Yard scrap metal Characterization Study is to make conservative estimates of the quantities of total uranium and the wt % {sup 235}U contained in scrap metal. The original project scope included estimates of thorium, but due to the insignificant quantities found in the yards, thorium was excluded from further analysis. Metal in three of the four Y-12 scrap metal yards were characterized. The scrap metal yard east of the PIDAS fence is managed by the Environmental Restoration Program and therefore was not included in this study. For all Y-12 Plant scrap metal shipments, Waste Transportation, Storage, and Disposal (WTSD) personnel must complete a Request for Authorization to Ship Nuclear Materials, UCN-16409, which requires the grams of total uranium, the wt % {sup 235}U, and the grams of {sup 235}U contained in the shipment. This information is necessary to ensure compliance with Department of Transportation regulations, as well as to ensure that the receiving facility is adhering to its operating license. This characterization study was designed to provide a technical basis for determining these necessary radioactive quantities.