Annual report providing tabular statistical information about motor vehicle accidents that involved pickup trucks in Texas during calendar year 1992, with data broken out by various criteria including number of persons, locations, types of accidents, time of day, and other factors.

Biennial report of the Texas Council on Vocational Education describing goals, activities, and accomplishments during fiscal years 1991 and 1992.

It has recently been brought to our attention that the LiYf{sub 4} (YLF) laser rods utilized in the alignment lasers of Nova tend to thin after several years of being exposed to the cooling water solution. As a consequence of this situation the YLF laser rods must occasionally be replaced. Since they found that they were able to minimize the dissolution rate for another fluoride crystal, Cr:LiSrAlF{sub 6} or Cr:LiSAF, by controlling the pH of the solution, they sought to determine if a similar fix could be applied to YLF laser crystals as well. For the case of Cr:LiSAF, the dissolution rate was observed to vary over 3 orders of magnitude depending on the pH, and a pH = 7 solution was determined to be optimal for improving the durability.

Field-emission displays (FEDS) offer potential advantages of high luminous efficiency, low power consumption, and low cost compared to AMLCD or CRT technologies. An LLNL team has developed silicon-point field emitters for vacuum triode structures and has also used thin-film processing techniques to demonstrate planar edge-emitter configurations. LLNL is interested in contributing its experience in this and other FED-related technologies to collaborations for commercial FED development. At LLNL, FED development is supported by computational capabilities in charge transport and surface/interface modeling in order to develop smaller, low-work-function field emitters using a variety of materials and coatings. Thin-film processing, microfabrication, and diagnostic/test labs permit experimental exploration of emitter and resistor structures. High field standoff technology is an area of long-standing expertise that guides development of low-cost spacers for FEDS. Vacuum sealing facilities are available to complete the FED production engineering process. Drivers constitute a significant fraction of the cost of any flat-panel display. LINL has an advanced packaging group that can provide chip-on-glass technologies and three-dimensional interconnect generation permitting driver placement on either the front or the back of the display substrate.

The Adams Counter-current shale oil recovery process is an improved retorting technology enabling highly efficient oil recovery from oil shale. The high efficiency results primarily from the following facts: it (1) recovers the ash heat to preheat the feed ore; (2) burns and uses the coke energy and (3) operates without using hot ash recycling as a heat carrier. This latter feature is doubly important, contributing to high oil yield and to the generation of highly reactive coke which can be burned below 1000{degree}F, avoiding the endothermal calcination of the mineral carbonates and helping to clean the ash of contaminants. This project demonstrates that oil shale can be retorted under the specified conditions and achieve the objectives of very high efficiency. The project accomplished the following: 51 quartz sand rotary kiln runs provided significant engineering data. A heat transfer value of 107 Btu/hr/ft{sup 2}/{degree}F was obtained at optimum RPM; eight oil shale samples were obtained and preliminary shakedown runs were made. Five of the samples were selected for kiln processing and twelve pyrolysis runs were made on the five different oil shales;average off recovery was 109% of Fisher Assay; retorted residue from all five samples was oxidized at approximately 1000{degree}F. …

There exists a need to provide communication through a satellite- based network which allows a user to communicate from a remote site to a fixed site. This discussion provides a comparison, both technical and financial, between the existing ATS3 satellite system and the commercial INMARSAT system. This comparison identified the limitations of each system to provide various types of communication.

The purpose of this document is to provide background, guidance, and justification for water sampling activities for the Lakeview, Oregon, Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) processing and disposal sites. This water sampling and analysis plan will form the basis for groundwater sampling and analysis work orders (WSAWO) to be implemented during 1993. Monitoring at the former Lakeview processing site is for characterization purposes and in preparation for the risk assessment, scheduled for the fall of 1993. Compliance monitoring was conducted at the disposal site. Details of the sampling plan are discussed in Section 5.0.

This publication contains the 1992 survey results of the ``Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report`` (Form EIA-821). This is the fourth year that the survey data have appeared in a separate publication. Prior to the 1989 report, the statistics appeared in the Petroleum Marketing Annual (PMA) for reference year 1988 and the Petroleum Marketing Monthly (PMM for reference years 1984 through 1987. The 1992 edition marks the ninth annual presentation of the results of the ongoing ``Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report`` survey. Except for the kerosene and on-highway diesel information, data presented in Tables 1 through 12 (Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene) present results of the EIA-821 survey. Tables 13 through 24 (Adjusted Sales of Fuel Oil and Kerosene) include volumes that are based on the EIA-821 survey but have been adjusted to equal the products supplied volumes published in the Petroleum Supply Annual (PSA).

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Many industrial locations, including the US Department of Energy`s, have identified needs for treatment of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes and remediation of PCB-contaminated sites. Biodegradation of PCBs is a potentially effective technology for the treatment of PCB-contaminated soils and sludges, including mixed wastes; however, a practical remediation technology has not yet been demonstrated. In laboratory experiments, soil slurry bioreactors inoculated with microorganisms extracted from PCB-contaminated sediments from the Hudson River have been used to obtain anaerobic dechlorination of PCBS. The onset of dechlorination activity can be accelerated by addition of nutritional amendments and inducers. After 15 weeks of incubation with PCB-contaminated soil and nutrient solution, dechlorination has been observed under several working conditions. The best results show that the average chlorine content steadily dropped from 4.3 to 3.5 chlorines per biphenyl over a 15-week period.

This project was designed to perform several tasks to provide transfer of technology to PNL concerning optimization of a cesium-specific ion exchange resin, developed at WSRC. The tasks support the development of a Compact Processing Unit (CPU) for Cs-removal from a variety of waste streams at Westinghouse Hanford (WH). In a series of experiments, WSRC has studied the behavior of a small column of the resin at various, increasingly greater flow rates with the HW simulant solution to determine an optimum column loading rate. Elution studies of the resin after saturation with Cs+ will generate an elution profile from which an optimum elution medium, flow rate, and volume can be determined. Small column tests at temperatures ranging from 40{degrees}C 80{degrees}C are planned but have not yet begun. Further, WSRC has begun a study in which the resin is subjected to ionizing radiation in a Co-60 source. This study will determine if any flammable or hazardous compounds, that might require special process controls, are formed as a result of irradiation. it will also define the ability of the resin to maintain its selectivity and capacity in a radiation field. During this period, a literature survey of the effects of radiation on …

The two-watt radioisotope thermoelectric generator heat source capsules were tested to determine their survivability under extreme environmental conditions: high external pressure, high impact, and high internal pressure. Test results showed that the capsules could withstand external pressures of 1,000 bars and impacts at velocities near 150 meters per second. However, the results of the internal pressure tests (stress-rupture) were not so favorable, possibly because of copper contamination, leading to a recommendation for additional testing. A material compatibility study examined the use of Hastelloy-S as a material to clad the tantalum strength member of the two-watt radioisotopic heat source. Test capsules were subjected to high temperatures for various lengths of time, then cross sectioned and examined with a scanning electron microscope. Results of the study indicate that Hastelloy-S would be compatible with the underlying alloy, not only at the normal operating temperatures of the heat source, but also when exposed to the much higher temperatures of a credible accident scenario.

US Energy Industry Financial Developments, 1993 Second Quarter provides information on the financial performance of energy companies during the most recent reporting period. The data are taken from public sources such as the Wall Street Journal, Energy Information Administration publications, corporate press releases, and other public sources. Based on information provided in 1993 second quarter financial disclosures, net income for 114 petroleum companies--including 19 majors--rose 33 percent between the second quarter of 1992 and the second quarter of 1993. Both upstream (oil and gas exploration, development and production) operations and downstream (petroleum refining, marketing, and transport) contributed to the improved financial Performance of petroleum companies consolidated operations. Rate-regulated industries also showed positive income growth between the second quarter of 1992 and the second quarter of 1993 due to higher natural gas prices and increased electricity consumption.

Researchers at Los Alamos have been developing transmutation concepts involving accelerator-driven nuclear systems. A medium energy, high current proton beam strikes a heavy metal target, producing a high flux of spallation neutrons. These neutrons are moderated to near-thermal energies in a blanket surrounding the target. Materials to be transmuted flow through the blanket region where they are fissioned or transmuted to stable nuclides. Stable or short-lived nuclides are separated while the long-lived radioactive species are returned to the blanket. For most applications the fission energy produced is much greater than that required to power the accelerator and can be directed to the commercial power grid. A number of possible applications are envisioned for accelerator-driven nuclear systems. These include destruction of surplus weapons-grade plutonium, production of tritium, transmutation of commercial spent fuel, and even commercial power generation in next-generation nuclear power plants. Some of these applications will be discussed with particular emphasis on the required chemical separations for such systems.

In this paper we outline a model which incorporates development processes into an evolutionary frame work. The model consists of three sectors describing development, genetics, and the selective environment. The formulation of models governing each sector uses dynamical grammars to describe processes in which state variables evolve in a quantitative fashion, and the number and type of participating biological entities can change. This program has previously been elaborated for development. Its extension to the other sectors of the model is discussed here and forms the basis for further approximations. A specific implementation of these ideas is described for an idealized model of the evolution of a multicellular organism. While this model doe not describe an actual biological system, it illustrates the interplay of development and evolution. Preliminary results of numerical simulations of this idealized model are presented.

This report describes a new algorithm developed for the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) in support of the INSENS project for classifying vehicles and pedestrians using seismic data. This algorithm is less sensitive to nuisance alarms due to environmental events than the previous algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm is simple enough that it scan be; implemented in the 8-bit microprocessor used in the INSENS system.

This paper describes an unattended ground sensor system that has been developed for the immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The system, known as INSENS, was developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for use by the United States Border Patrol. This system assists in the detection of illegal entry of aliens and contraband (illegal drugs, etc.) into the United States along its land borders. Key to the system is its flexible modular design which allows future software and hardware enhancements to the system without altering the fundamental architecture of the system. Elements of the system include a sensor system capable of processing signals from multiple directional probes, a repeater system, and a handheld monitor system. Seismic, passive infrared (PIR), and magnetic probes are currently supported. The design of the INSENS system elements and their performance are described.

The Department of Defense is sponsoring development of a centralized, integrated database, which will be a repository international surface cargo movement data. Scheduled for implementation surface in early 1994, the system will include a relational database management system, processing modules, and complex communication components. Four geographically separated sites are involved with development. Design and development of a major computer system is never simple, but when design and development occur at multiple sites, the problems are compounded, especially when the timeframe for project completion is extremely tight. Issues such as identical developmental platforms and communications strategies must be addressed. A design plan must be strictly followed to ensure consistency and to coordinate integration of modules developed at different sites.

We have completed modifications of the Taylor Dispersion Apparatus so that propane can be used as a solvent. Problems were encountered initially compressing propane to the necessary pressures because of cavitation in the liquid pump. This problem was overcome by placing a check valve in the line after the pump and pressures of 2500 psi have been achieved. The system has been pressure tested by using a soap solution on exposed joints and performing a mass balance (leak test). The mass balance was made by reading the volumetric flow rate of liquid in the syringe pump and converting this to expected gas flow rate. The liquid was then vaporized and a dry gas meter measured the amount of gas at the exit of the apparatus. The expected and measured gas flow rates were in excellent agreement, indicating that there are no significant leaks in the system. Presently, we are having problems with the use of UV detection for the dim using compounds. The detector is successfully auto-zeroing with a blank cell and with Co{sub 2}. With the use of instrument grade propane, however, the detector is unable to auto-zero because of absorption of unknown impurity. We believe this problem is …

During the period 1/9/93--4/8/93 a total of 39 samples (25 DOE Sample Bank samples and 14 other Penn State samples) of various sizes, not including DECS-17, were distributed. Twenty-two of these samples were provided to DOE contractors. During the current reporting period a total of 57 data printouts were distributed. In addition, 13 special data requests were fulfilled by either search/sort and printout or creation of a data disk, resulting in distribution of limited information on over 1130 samples. Several preliminary requests for Sample Bank and Data Base information and price quotations have also been handled.

We calculate nuclear pairing gaps for ground-state configurations for 8979 nuclei from {sup 16}O to A = 339 in the Lipkin-Nogami pairing model. The energy levels required for the calculation are obtained from the folded-Yukawa single-particular model for ground-state shapes obtained in the macroscopic-microscopic approach by minimizing the total potential energy with respect to {epsilon}{sub 2},{epsilon}{sub 4}, {epsilon}{sub 3} and {epsilon}{sub 6} shape degrees of freedom. We study the behavior of the calculated pairing gap {Delta} and the number-fluctuation constant {lambda}2 on neutron number N and proton number Z. We discuss alternative methods for comparing calculated pairing gaps to odd-even experimental mass differences and study the trends of the deviations between calculated and measured quantities versus N and Z. In particular we discuss the many non-smooth contributions to the so-called experimental pairing gap that is extracted from odd-even measured mass differences and the resulting difficulties that are present when these axe compared to calculated results. In recent years several studies have investigated whether nuclear pairing depends on neutron excess. Furthermore, any dependence on neutron excess is small compared to both the random and the correlated errors in the pairing gaps that are extracted from experimental odd-even mass differences. Therefore appropriate …

Section 205(a)(2) of the Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 requires the Administrator of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to carry out a central, comprehensive, and unified energy data and information program that will collect, evaluate, assemble, analyze, and disseminate data and information relevant to energy resources, reserves, production, demand, technology, and related economic and statistical information. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of changes in the structure of the US coal industry between 1976 and 1991. The structural elements examined include the number of mines, average mine size, the size distribution of mines, and the size distribution of coal firms. The report measures changes in the market shares of the largest coal producers at the national level and in various regions. The Central Appalachian low-sulfur coal market is given special attention, and the market for coal reserves is examined. A history of mergers in the coal industry is presented, and changes in the proportions of US coal output that are produced by various types of companies, including foreign-controlled firms, are described. Finally, the impact of post-1991 mergers on the structure of the industry is estimated. The legislation that created the EIA vested the …

We performed a search for the {beta}{sup +} branch of {sup 54}Mn decay. As a cosmic ray, {sup 54}Mn, deprived of its atomic electrons, can decay only via {beta}{sup +} and {beta}{sup {minus}} decay, with a half-life of the order of 10{sup 6} yr. This turns {sup 54} Mn into a suitable cosmic chronometer for the study of cosmic-ray confinement times. We searched for coincident back-to-back 511-keV {gamma}-rays using two germanium detectors inside a Nal(Tl) annulus. An upper limit of 2{times}10{sup {minus}8} was found for the {beta}{sup +} decay branch, corresponding to a lower limit of 13.7 for the log ft value.

We report on an efficient adaptive N-body method which we have recently designed and implemented. The algorithm computers the forces on an arbitrary distribution of bodies in a time which scales as N log N with particle number. The accuracy of the force calculations is analytically bounded, and can be adjusted via a user defined parameter between a few percent relative accuracy, down to machine arithmetic accuracy. Instead of using pointers to indicate the topology of the tree, we identify each possible cell with a key. The mapping of keys into memory locations is achieved via a hash table. This allows us to access data in an efficient manner across multiple processors using a virtual shared memory model. Performance of the parallel program is measured on the 512 processor Intel Touchstone Delta system. We also comment on a number of wide-ranging applications which can benefit from application of this type of algorithm.