Resource Type

Wall thinning criteria for low temperature-low pressure piping (open access)

Wall thinning criteria for low temperature-low pressure piping

This acceptance criteria is intended to prevent gross rupture or rapidly propagating failure during normal and abnormal operating conditions. Pitting may be present in the carbon steel piping. While the acceptance criteria have provisions to preclude gross rupture through a pitted region, they do not protect against throughwall pit growth and subsequent leakage. Potential leakage through a pit in low pressure piping is less than the post-DBE design basis leakage. Both the uniform thinning and LTA criteria protect against leakage, since their potential for leakage is larger. The acceptance criteria protects against gross rupture due to general wall thinning, local wall thinning (LTA's), pitting, and fracture through weld defects. General wall thinning calculations are based on the restart criteria, SEP-24. LTA criteria for hoop stresses are based on ASME Code Case N-480 [open quotes]Examination Requirements for Pipe Wall Thinning Due to Single Phase Erosion and Corrosion[close quotes]. The LTA criteria for axial stress is based on an effective average thickness concept, which prevents plastic collapse of a locally thinned pipe. Limits on pit density, based on an effective cross section concept, are used to prevent gross rupture through a group of pits. The CEGB R-6 failure assessment diagram is used …
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Mertz, G. E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wall thinning criteria for low temperature-low pressure piping. Task 91-030-1 (open access)

Wall thinning criteria for low temperature-low pressure piping. Task 91-030-1

This acceptance criteria is intended to prevent gross rupture or rapidly propagating failure during normal and abnormal operating conditions. Pitting may be present in the carbon steel piping. While the acceptance criteria have provisions to preclude gross rupture through a pitted region, they do not protect against throughwall pit growth and subsequent leakage. Potential leakage through a pit in low pressure piping is less than the post-DBE design basis leakage. Both the uniform thinning and LTA criteria protect against leakage, since their potential for leakage is larger. The acceptance criteria protects against gross rupture due to general wall thinning, local wall thinning (LTA`s), pitting, and fracture through weld defects. General wall thinning calculations are based on the restart criteria, SEP-24. LTA criteria for hoop stresses are based on ASME Code Case N-480 {open_quotes}Examination Requirements for Pipe Wall Thinning Due to Single Phase Erosion and Corrosion{close_quotes}. The LTA criteria for axial stress is based on an effective average thickness concept, which prevents plastic collapse of a locally thinned pipe. Limits on pit density, based on an effective cross section concept, are used to prevent gross rupture through a group of pits. The CEGB R-6 failure assessment diagram is used in the …
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Mertz, G. E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water quality monitoring report for the White Oak Creek Embayment (open access)

Water quality monitoring report for the White Oak Creek Embayment

Water quality monitoring activities that focused on the detection of resuspended sediments in the Clinch River were conducted in conjunction with the White Oak Creek Embayment (WOCE) time-critical Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) removal action to construct a sediment-retention structure at the mouth of White Oak Creek (WOC). Samples were collected by use of a 24-h composite sampler and through real-time water grab sampling of sediment plumes generated by the construction activities. Sampling stations were established both at the WOC mouth, immediately adjacent to the construction site, and at K-1513, the Oak Ridge K-25 Site drinking water intake approximately 9.6 km downstream in the Clinch River. Results are described.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Ford, C.J. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Wefer, M.T. (Automated Sciences Group, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States))
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water quality monitoring report for the White Oak Creek Embayment. Environmental Restoration Program (open access)

Water quality monitoring report for the White Oak Creek Embayment. Environmental Restoration Program

Water quality monitoring activities that focused on the detection of resuspended sediments in the Clinch River were conducted in conjunction with the White Oak Creek Embayment (WOCE) time-critical Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) removal action to construct a sediment-retention structure at the mouth of White Oak Creek (WOC). Samples were collected by use of a 24-h composite sampler and through real-time water grab sampling of sediment plumes generated by the construction activities. Sampling stations were established both at the WOC mouth, immediately adjacent to the construction site, and at K-1513, the Oak Ridge K-25 Site drinking water intake approximately 9.6 km downstream in the Clinch River. Results are described.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Ford, C. J. & Wefer, M. T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
West Valley transfer cart control system design description (open access)

West Valley transfer cart control system design description

Detail design of the control system for the West Valley Nuclear Services Vitrification Facility transfer cart has been completed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This report documents the requirements and describes the detail design of that equipment and control software. Copies of significant design documents including analysis and testing reports and design drawings are included in the Appendixes.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Bradley, E. C.; Crutcher, R. I.; Halliwell, J. W.; Hileman, M. S.; Moore, M. R.; Nodine, R. N. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
West Valley transfer cart control system design description. Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Program (open access)

West Valley transfer cart control system design description. Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Program

Detail design of the control system for the West Valley Nuclear Services Vitrification Facility transfer cart has been completed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This report documents the requirements and describes the detail design of that equipment and control software. Copies of significant design documents including analysis and testing reports and design drawings are included in the Appendixes.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Bradley, E. C.; Crutcher, R. I.; Halliwell, J. W.; Hileman, M. S.; Moore, M. R.; Nodine, R. N. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wetland Survey of the X-10 Bethel Valley and Melton Valley Groundwater Operable Units at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (open access)

Wetland Survey of the X-10 Bethel Valley and Melton Valley Groundwater Operable Units at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

This wetland survey report regarding wetlands within Melton Valley and Bethel Valley areas of the Oak Ridge Reservation was prepared in accordance with requirements under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act for reporting the results of a site characterization for public review. This work was done under Work Breakdown Structure number 1.4.12.6.1.15.41. This document provides the Environmental Restoration program with information on the results of the wetland survey conducted during fiscal year 1995. it includes information on the physical characteristics, location, approximate size, and classification of wetland areas identified during the field survey.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Rosensteel, B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wetting and Dispersion in Ceramic/Polymer Melt Injection Molding Systems (open access)

Wetting and Dispersion in Ceramic/Polymer Melt Injection Molding Systems

This program had two major areas of emphasis: (1) factors influencing state of particulate dispersion and rheological properties of ceramic powder/polymer melt mixtures, and (2) effect of interfacial bonding strength on mechanical and rheological properties of ceramic particle/polymer composites. Alumina and silica in various polyethylenes were used.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Sacks, M.D. (Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering) & Williams, J.W. (Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 3M Co., St. Paul, MN (United States))
System: The UNT Digital Library
White Oak Creek Embayment site characterization and contaminant screening analysis (open access)

White Oak Creek Embayment site characterization and contaminant screening analysis

Analyses of sediment samples collected near the mouth of White Oak Creek during the summer of 1990 revealed [sup 137]Cs concentrations [> 10[sup 6] Bq/kg dry wt (> 10[sup 4] pCi/g dry wt)] near the sediment surface. Available evidence indicates that these relatively high concentrations of [sup 137]Cs now at the sediment surface were released from White Oak Dam in the mid-1950s and had accumulated at depositionalsites in the embayment. These accumulated sediments are being eroded and transported downstream primarily during winter low-water levels by flood events and by a combination of normal downstream flow and the water turbulence created by the release of water from Melton Hill Dam during hydropower generation cycles. This report provides a more thorough characterization of the extent of contamination in WOCE than was previously available. Environmental samples collected from WOCE were analyzed for organic, inorganic, and radiological contaminants in fish, water, and sediment. These results were used to conduct a human health effects screening analysis. Walkover radiation surveys conducted inside the fenced area surrounding the WOCE at summer-pool (741 ft MSL) and at winter-pool (733 ft MSL) level, indicated a maximum exposure rate of 3 mR h[sup 1] 1 m above the soil surface.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Blaylock, B. G.; Ford, C. J.; Frank, M. L.; Hoffman, F. O. & Hook, L. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
White Oak Creek Embayment site characterization and contaminant screening analysis. Environmental Restoration Program (open access)

White Oak Creek Embayment site characterization and contaminant screening analysis. Environmental Restoration Program

Analyses of sediment samples collected near the mouth of White Oak Creek during the summer of 1990 revealed {sup 137}Cs concentrations [> 10{sup 6} Bq/kg dry wt (> 10{sup 4} pCi/g dry wt)] near the sediment surface. Available evidence indicates that these relatively high concentrations of {sup 137}Cs now at the sediment surface were released from White Oak Dam in the mid-1950s and had accumulated at depositionalsites in the embayment. These accumulated sediments are being eroded and transported downstream primarily during winter low-water levels by flood events and by a combination of normal downstream flow and the water turbulence created by the release of water from Melton Hill Dam during hydropower generation cycles. This report provides a more thorough characterization of the extent of contamination in WOCE than was previously available. Environmental samples collected from WOCE were analyzed for organic, inorganic, and radiological contaminants in fish, water, and sediment. These results were used to conduct a human health effects screening analysis. Walkover radiation surveys conducted inside the fenced area surrounding the WOCE at summer-pool (741 ft MSL) and at winter-pool (733 ft MSL) level, indicated a maximum exposure rate of 3 mR h{sup 1} 1 m above the soil surface.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Blaylock, B. G.; Ford, C. J.; Frank, M. L.; Hoffman, F. O. & Hook, L. A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wideband pulse reconstruction from sparse spectral-amplitude data. Final report (open access)

Wideband pulse reconstruction from sparse spectral-amplitude data. Final report

Methods are investigated for reconstructing a wideband time-domain pulse waveform from a sparse set of samples of its frequency-domain amplitude spectrum. Approaches are outlined which comprise various means of spectrum interpolation followed by phase retrieval. Methods for phase retrieval are reviewed, and it is concluded that useful results can only be obtained by assuming a minimum-phase solution. Two reconstruction algorithms` are proposed. The first is based upon the use of Cauchy`s technique for estimating the amplitude spectrum in the form of a ratio of polynomials. The second uses B-spline interpolation among the sampled values to reconstruct this spectrum. Reconstruction of the time-domain waveform via inverse Fourier transformation follows, based on the assumption of minimum phase. Representative numerical results are given.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: Casey, K.F. & Baertlein, B.A.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Xylose fermentation to ethanol (open access)

Xylose fermentation to ethanol

The past several years have seen tremendous progress in the understanding of xylose metabolism and in the identification, characterization, and development of strains with improved xylose fermentation characteristics. A survey of the numerous microorganisms capable of directly fermenting xylose to ethanol indicates that wild-type yeast and recombinant bacteria offer the best overall performance in terms of high yield, final ethanol concentration, and volumetric productivity. The best performing bacteria, yeast, and fungi can achieve yields greater than 0.4 g/g and final ethanol concentrations approaching 5%. Productivities remain low for most yeast and particularly for fungi, but volumetric productivities exceeding 1.0 g/L-h have been reported for xylose-fermenting bacteria. In terms of wild-type microorganisms, strains of the yeast Pichia stipitis show the most promise in the short term for direct high-yield fermentation of xylose without byproduct formation. Of the recombinant xylose-fermenting microorganisms developed, recombinant E. coli ATTC 11303 (pLOI297) exhibits the most favorable performance characteristics reported to date.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: McMillan, J.D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Xylose fermentation to ethanol. A review (open access)

Xylose fermentation to ethanol. A review

The past several years have seen tremendous progress in the understanding of xylose metabolism and in the identification, characterization, and development of strains with improved xylose fermentation characteristics. A survey of the numerous microorganisms capable of directly fermenting xylose to ethanol indicates that wild-type yeast and recombinant bacteria offer the best overall performance in terms of high yield, final ethanol concentration, and volumetric productivity. The best performing bacteria, yeast, and fungi can achieve yields greater than 0.4 g/g and final ethanol concentrations approaching 5%. Productivities remain low for most yeast and particularly for fungi, but volumetric productivities exceeding 1.0 g/L-h have been reported for xylose-fermenting bacteria. In terms of wild-type microorganisms, strains of the yeast Pichia stipitis show the most promise in the short term for direct high-yield fermentation of xylose without byproduct formation. Of the recombinant xylose-fermenting microorganisms developed, recombinant E. coli ATTC 11303 (pLOI297) exhibits the most favorable performance characteristics reported to date.
Date: January 1, 1993
Creator: McMillan, J. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Zircons and fluids: An experimental investigation with applications for radioactive waste disposal. Stability of zircons: Progress report, January 1992--December 1992 (open access)

Zircons and fluids: An experimental investigation with applications for radioactive waste disposal. Stability of zircons: Progress report, January 1992--December 1992

The long-term stability of nuclear waste forms or barriers is related to changes in physical properties of the material induced through radiation damage and subsequent changes in solubility. Investigations conducted on natural zircons (ZrSiO{sub 4}) supports a positive correlation between level of alpha damage and fluid composition to enhanced levels of corrosion. In this report we present preliminary data on the nature and rate of the solution process involving < 600,000 year-old zircons being affected by natural fluids in geyser fields of Yellowstone National Park. We also summarize our continuing activity by including in this report articles that have been published or are in press in refereed journals.
Date: 1993~
Creator: Sinha, A. K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bureau of WIC Nutrition Biennial Report: 1992-1993 (open access)

Bureau of WIC Nutrition Biennial Report: 1992-1993

Biennial report of the Bureau of WIC Nutrition describing goals, activities, and accomplishments of the fiscal year 1992 to 1993.
Date: ~1993
Creator: Texas. Bureau of WIC Nutrition.
System: The Portal to Texas History