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15,491 Matching Results
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory environmental report for 1990
This report documents the results of the Environmental Monitoring Program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and presents summary information about environmental compliance for 1990. To evaluate the effect of LLNL operations on the local environment, measurements of direct radiation and a variety of radionuclides and chemical compounds in ambient air, soil, sewage effluent surface water, groundwater, vegetation, and foodstuff were made at both the Livermore site and at Site 300 nearly. LLNL's compliance with all applicable guides, standards, and limits for radiological and nonradiological emissions to the environment was evaluated. Aside from an August 13 observation of silver concentrations slightly above guidelines for discharges to the sanitary sewer, all the monitoring data demonstrated LLNL compliance with environmental laws and regulations governing emission and discharge of materials to the environment. In addition, the monitoring data demonstrated that the environmental impacts of LLNL are minimal and pose no threat to the public to or to the environment. 114 refs., 46 figs., 79 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Sims, J. M.; Surano, K. A.; Lamson, K. C.; Balke, B. K.; Steenhoven, J. C. & Schwoegler, D. R. (eds.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Neutron Sources: Plant Design Requirements
The Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) is a new, world class facility for research using hot, thermal, cold, and ultra-cold neutrons. At the heart of the facility is a 350-MW{sub th}, heavy water cooled and moderated reactor. The reactor is housed in a central reactor building, with supporting equipment located in an adjoining reactor support building. An array of cold neutron guides fans out into a large guide hall, housing about 30 neutron research stations. Office, laboratory, and shop facilities are included to provide a complete users facility. The ANS is scheduled to begin operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory at the end of the decade. This Plant Design Requirements document defines the plant-level requirements for the design, construction, and operation of the ANS. This document also defines and provides input to the individual System Design Description (SDD) documents. Together, this Plant Design Requirements document and the set of SDD documents will define and control the baseline configuration of the ANS.
Date:
July 1, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The thermodynamic properties of 2-methylaniline and trans-(R,S)- decahydroquinoline
Measurements leading to the calculation of the ideal-gas thermodynamic properties for 2-methylaniline and trans-(R,S)-decahydroquinoline are reported. Experimental methods included combustion calorimetry, adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston gauge manometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (dsc). Entropies, enthalpies, and Gibbs energies of formation were derived for the ideal gas at selected temperatures for both compounds. Critical properties were determined for 2-methylaniline with the dsc. Measured combustion enthalpies, vapor pressures, critical properties, and ideal-gas entropies were compared with estimated and experimental literature values. 59 refs., 7 figs., 15 tabs.
Date:
February 1, 1990
Creator:
Steele, W. V.; Chirico, R. D.; Nguyen, A. & Knipmeyer, S. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-brightness injectors for hadron colliders
The counterrotating beams in collider rings consist of trains of beam bunches with N{sub B} particles per bunch, spaced a distance S{sub B} apart. When the bunches collide, the interaction rate is determined by the luminosity, which is defined as the interaction rate per unit cross section. For head-on collisions between cylindrical Gaussian beams moving at speed {beta}c, the luminosity is given by L = N{sub B}{sup 2}{beta}c/4{pi}{sigma}{sup 2}S{sub B}, where {sigma} is the rms beam size projected onto a transverse plane (the two transverse planes are assumed identical) at the interaction point. This beam size depends on the rms emittance of the beam and the focusing strength, which is a measure of the 2-D phase-space area in each transverse plane, and is defined in terms of the second moments of the beam distribution. Our convention is to use the rms normalized emittance, without factors of 4 or 6 that are sometimes used. The quantity {tilde {beta}} is the Courant-Synder betatron amplitude function at the interaction point, a characteristic of the focusing lattice and {gamma} is the relativistic Lorentz factor. Achieving high luminosity at a given energy, and at practical values of {tilde {beta}} and S{sub B}, requires a large …
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Wangler, T. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Creep strength of niobium alloys, Nb-1%Zr and PWC-11
A study is being conducted at NASA Lewis Research Center to determine the feasibility of using a carbide particle strengthened Nb-1% Zr base alloy to meet the anticipated temperature and creep resistance requirements of proposed near term space power systems. In order to provide information to aid in the determination of the suitability of the PWC-11 alloy as an alternative to Nb-1% Zr in space power systems this study investigated (1) the long-time high-vacuum creep behavior of the PWC-11 material and the Nb-1% Zr alloy, (2) the effect of prior stress-free thermal aging on this creep behavior, (3) the effect of electron beam (EB) welding on this creep behavior, and (4) the stability of creep strengthening carbide particles. 14 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Titran, R.H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquid and solid Ga and Bi studies with a variable energy positron beam
The diffusion length of positrons has been measured in liquid and solid gallium and bismuth using a vertical positron beam. For Ga our results indicate a drop in the diffusion length from 1200 (100) {Angstrom} to 30 (5) {Angstrom} as the sample melts, as the temperature is increased there is a surprising increase in the diffusion length. At the melting point the annihilation parameter S in the bulk increases sharply, and stays constant with temperature, which indicates that vacancy size trapping centers exist in the liquid. For Bi, the diffusion length drops in the liquid from 500 {Angstrom} to 200 {Angstrom}, and increases slightly as the temperature is increased. This drop is interpreted in terms of increased scattering with Bi ions. A small change is observed in bulk S, indicating no trapping of positrons as the sample melts. This behaviour, which is so different in these two metals, indicates the sensitivity of positrons to the liquid structure. 6 refs., 2 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Gramsch, E.; Lynn, K.G.; Throwe, J. & Kanazawa, I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heavy metal contamination in TIMS Branch sediments
The objective of this memorandum is to summarize results of previous sediment studies on Tims Branch and Steed's Pond conducted by Health Protection (HP) and by the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) in conjunction with Reactor Materials Engineering Technology (RMET). The results for other heavy metals, such as lead, nickel, copper, mercury, chromium, cadmium, zinc, and thorium are also summarized.
Date:
June 25, 1990
Creator:
Pickett, J.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Knowledges and abilities catalog for nuclear power plant operators: Savannah River Site (SRS) production reactors
The Knowledges and Abilities Catalog for Nuclear Power Plant Operations: Savannah River Site (SRS) Production Reactors, provides the basis for the development of content-valid certification examinations for Senior Reactor Operators (SROs) and Central Control Room Supervisors (SUP). The position of Shift Technical Engineer (STE) has been included in the catalog for completeness. This new SRS reactor operating shift crew position is held by an individual holding a CCR Supervisor Certification who has received special engineering and technical training. Also, the STE has a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering or a related technical field. The SRS catalog contains approximately 2500 knowledge and ability (K/A) statements for SROs and SUPs at heavy water moderated production reactors. Each K/A statement has been rated for its importance to the safe operation of the plant in a manner ensuring the health and safety of the public. The SRS K/A catalog is presently organized into five major sections: Plant Systems grouped by Safety Function, Plant Wide Generic K/As, Emergency Plant Evolutions, Theory and Components (to be developed).
Date:
June 20, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of microstructures with improved cryogenic toughness through local variations in stress state: Aluminum-lithium alloys
Microstructurally-induced changes in the local stress state (triaxial constraint) and their effect on fracture-toughness behavior are examined at ambient and cryogenic temperatures in an Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy, processed in the form of 12.7 mm-thick naturally laminated'' plate containing aligned-weak interfaces and 1.6 mm-thin unlaminated sheet. It is shown that marked improvements in long-transverse (L-T) toughness can be achieved in the plate material at cryogenic temperatures by promoting through-thickness delamination along these interfaces, which relaxes local constraint and promotes a fracture-mode transition from global plane strain to local plane stress. Conversely, in thin sheet material, the absence of such interface delamination leads to a reduction in toughness with decrease in temperature, consistent with the greater degree of crack-tip constraint. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
April 1, 1990
Creator:
Venkateswara Rao, K. T. & Ritchie, R. O.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Effectiveness of the Turco Low Profile Turbulator Reg Sign
This document discusses a turbulator which utilizes a heated chemical bath to reduce smearable contamination from small parts and tools. It is comprised of two agitators programmed to automatically alternate the flow of the cleaning solution within the tank in four separate and distinct high velocity flow patterns allowing access to the entire surface area of the part or tool being decontaminated. The turbulator is being evaluated to determine if agitation increases the effectiveness of waste minimization. Testing of the turbulator consisted of evaluation of the Sludgetrap Containment, Tool Cleaning Demonstration, and Coupon Testing. Results so far are that the sludgetrap is effective in containing particles the size of sand, agitation increases the effectiveness of the turbulator, abrasives can replace detergents for waste minimization, and Inconel 625 is more difficult to clean than Type 3041 Stainless Steel.
Date:
October 23, 1990
Creator:
Grittmann, S.; McGlynn, J. F.; Long, J. R. & Rankin, W. N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multi-beam injector development at LBL
LBL is developing a multi-beam injector that will be used for scaled accelerator experiments related to Heavy Ion Fusion. The device will produce sixteen 0.5 Amp beams of C+ at 2 MeV energy. The carbon arc source has been developed to the point where the emittance is within a factor of four of the design target. Modelling of the source behavior to find ways to reduce the emittance is discussed. Source lifetime and reliability is also of paramount importance to us and data regarding the lifetime and failure modes of different source configurations is discussed. One half of the accelerating column has been constructed and tested at high voltage. One beam experiments in this half column are underway. The second half of the column is being built and the transition 2 MV experiments should begin soon. In addition to beam and source performance we also discuss the controls for the injector and the electronics associated with the source and current injection. 3 refs., 2 figs.
Date:
June 1, 1990
Creator:
Rutkowski, H. L.; Faltens, A.; Brodzik, D. A.; Johnson, R. M.; Pike, C. D.; Vanecek, D. L. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)) et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A novel process for manufacture of methanol
A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, the effect of potassium methoxide and Cu-chromite loading on the MeOH formation rate was investigated. The rate obtained with Cu-chromite was compared to that using Cu-ZnO as catalyst. Work also continued on the modification of the experimental equipment to permit on-line monitoring of liquid and gas compositions.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Tierney, J.W. & Wender, I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
L to H mode transitions and associated phenomena in divertor tokamaks
This is the final report for the research project titled L to H Mode Transitions and Associated Phenomena in Divertor Tokamaks.'' The period covered by this project is the fiscal year 1990. This report covers the development of Advanced Two Chamber Model.
Date:
September 1, 1990
Creator:
Punjabi, A. (Hampton Univ., VA (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spectroscopic diagnostics of high temperature plasmas
A three-year research program for the development of novel XUV spectroscopic diagnostics for magnetically confined fusion plasmas is proposed. The new diagnostic system will use layered synthetic microstructures (LSM) coated, flat and curved surfaces as dispersive elements in spectrometers and narrow band XUV filter arrays. In the framework of the proposed program we will develop impurity monitors for poloidal and toroidal resolved measurements on PBX-M and Alcator C-Mod, imaging XUV spectrometers for electron density and temperature fluctuation measurements in the hot plasma core in TEXT or other similar tokamaks and plasma imaging devices in soft x-ray light for impurity behavior studies during RF heating on Phaedrus T and carbon pellet ablation in Alcator C-Mod. Recent results related to use of multilayer in XUV plasma spectroscopy are presented. We also discuss the latest results reviewed to q{sub o} and local poloidal field measurements using Zeeman polarimetry.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Moos, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts
The primary objective of the project is to investigate the magnetic nature of the higher alcohol synthesis catalyst-Cu/Co supported on specific supports: chromia and titania with and without an alkali metal promoter, and examine the relations between catalytic and magnetic properties.
Date:
September 14, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Control of energetic ion confinement by ion cyclotron range of frequency waves
It is shown that ICRF waves can induce fast convective radial transport of energetic ions in a tokamak geometry without affecting the background ion transport. Spatially inhomogeneous ICRF waves with directional parallel wave vectors are needed; otherwise, a net parallel flow of the energetic ions has to be present. 8 refs.
Date:
February 1, 1990
Creator:
Chang, C.S. (New York Univ., NY (USA). Courant Inst. of Mathematical Sciences)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of improved iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts
The objective of proposed research is development of catalysts with enhanced slurry phase activity and better selectivity to fuel range products, through a more detailed understanding and systematic studies of the effects of pretreatment procedures and promoters/binders (silica) on catalyst performance.
Date:
June 17, 1990
Creator:
Bukur, D.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Extrusion of metal oxide superconducting wire, tube or ribbon
A process and apparatus for extruding a superconducting metal oxide composition YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} provides a wire (tube or ribbon) having a cohesive mass and a degree of flexibility together with enhanced electrical properties. Wire diameters in the range of 6--85 mils have been produced with smaller wires on the order of 10 mils in diameter exhibiting enhanced flexibility for forming braided, or multistrand, configurations for greater current carrying capacity. The composition for extrusion contains a polymeric binder to provide a cohesive mass to bind the particles together during the extrusion process with the binder subsequently removed at lower temperatures during sintering. The composition for extrusion further includes a deflocculent, an organic plasticizer and a solvent which also are subsequently removed during sintering. Electrically conductive tubing with an inner diameter of 52 mil and an outer diameter of 87--335 mil has also been produced. Flat ribbons have been produced in the range of 10--125 mil thick by 100--500 mil wide. The superconducting wire, tube or ribbon may include an outer ceramic insulating sheath co-extruded with the wire, tubing or ribbon.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Dusek, J.T.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ASHRAE Standard 62-1989: Energy, Cost, and Program Implications.
ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 (Standard 62-89) Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality'' is the new heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry consensus for ventilation air in commercial buildings. Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville) references ASHRAE Standard 62-81 (the predecessor to Standard 62-89) in their current environmental documents for required ventilation rates. Through its use, it had become evident to Bonneville that Standard 62-81 needed interpretation. Now that the revised Standard (Standard 62-89) is available, its usefulness needs to be evaluated. Based on current information and public comment, the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) revised Standard 62-1981 to Standard 62-89. Bonneville's study estimated the energy and cost implications of ASHRAE Standard 62-89 using simulations based on DOE-2.1D, a computer simulation program which estimates building use hourly as a function of building characteristics and climatic location. Ten types of prototypical commercial buildings used by Bonneville for load forecasting purposes were examined: Large and Small Office, Large and Small Retail, Restaurant, Warehouse, Hospital, Hotel, School, and Grocery. These building characterizations are based on survey and energy metering data and represent average or typical construction and operation practices and mechanical system types. Prototypical building ventilation rates were varied in five steps to …
Date:
October 15, 1990
Creator:
Steele, Tim R. & Brown, Marilyn A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic features of coherent radiation generated by relativistic charge bunches
Radiation generated by relativistic charges can be analyzed and described in exquisite detail. One reason that such detailed analysis is possible is because the phases of radiated photons often are determined completely by the initial conditions of the relativistic charges and the radiating system. The phase relationships between the initial charges and the radiated photons represent coherence in the emitted radiation. A previous paper described how this coherence could affect the spatial and spectral distributions of radiation generated by a single charge in a periodic radiator. The present paper discusses a complementary issue; namely, how the temporal shape of a relativistic charge bunch can emphasize specific features of the radiation generated at a single interaction site. 3 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
November 1, 1990
Creator:
Moran, M. J. & Chang, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The search for low photodesorption coatings
Low photo desorption (PSD) from surfaces of vacuum chambers increases the beam lifetime and reduces the cost of the pumping system of any storage ring. In compact rings where all radiated power ({approximately}10 kW) is incident on a few meters only, low PSD and good thermal conductivity of photon absorbers are of particular importance. An experimental chamber in which one meter long bars can be exposed to white photon beam with 500 eV critical energy has been built and installed on the U10B beamline in the VUV ring at the NSLS. Several reference bars made of high purity copper and a TiN coating on copper have been measured. Subsequent runs will include gold coating on copper, aluminum (200{degree}C baked), diamond coating on copper and uncoated beryllium bars. In this paper the desorption coefficients will be measured and compared. 6 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Foerster, C.L. & Korn, G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kinetic behavior of solid particles in fluidized beds
The overall objectives of this project are to develop experimental techniques for measuring the forces of fluidized particles, and to predict the solid-gas performance in fluidized beds by using data analysis system, and by elucidating the intrinsic mechanism of erosion and attrition phenomena in fluidized beds. The reduction of erosion and attrition rates is one of the critical engineering problems for the design and operation of fluidized bed combustors. Specifically, the objectives are to: (1) develop the experimental techniques to measure the forces of solid particles prevailing in fluidized beds: (2) measure and characterize the forces of solid particles in various types of fluidized beds with various configurations (conventional and spouted fluidized beds) and with different scales (10, 20, and 30cm) under various fluidization conditions (particle size, bed aspect ratio and gas velocity); (3) find and verify the mechanism of erosion rates of in-bed tubes and attrition rates of fluidized particles by forces of solid particles in fluidized beds. We developed three different kinds of measurement methods, i.e., fracture sensitive sensor, piezoelectric sensor and gas pressure fluctuation method. By using these methods the exact forces of solid particles, including the transient corporate in fluidized beds, were systematically measured. Simultaneously, the …
Date:
June 1, 1990
Creator:
Kono, H.O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Complex availability problems solved with simulation
System owners and operators are increasingly emphasizing the actual amount of time equipment is capable of performing its intended function. For military systems, added complexity, longer service life requirements, reduced periodic maintenance, and less frequent checkouts are increasing system availability requirements. However, these factors compound the difficulty in estimating the system's true availability. With dormant or semi-dormant systems, the amount of time a system appears'' available may differ form the real'' availability. The difference in real'' and apparent'' availability is often the result of a transition from an operational but dormant state to an inoperational but dormant state. The major contributions from this research are: the development of the concept of complex'' availability that applies to systems which combine two or more elements of instantaneous, mission system, or steady-state availability; and the development of modeling technique to estimate the real'' availability for a system which involves complex'' availability. 28 refs., 2 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Schroeder, G.J.; Johnson, M.M. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA) & South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD (USA))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
F-Area seepage basins, groundwater quality assessment report, first quarter 1990
During the first quarter of 1990, wells which make up the F-Area Seepage Basins (F-HWMF) monitoring network were sampled. Laboratory analyses were performed to measure levels of hazardous constituents, indicator parameters, tritium, gross alpha, and nonvolatile beta. The primary contaminants observed at wells monitoring the F-Area Seepage Basins are tritium, nitrate, cadmium, lead, total radium, gross alpha, and nonvolatile beta. Concentrations of at least one of the following constituents: tritium, nitrate, total radium, gross alpha, cadmium, lead, tetrachloroethylene, nonvolatile beta, endrin, lindane, barium, fluoride, mercury, and trichlorethylene in excess of the primary drinking water standard (PDWS) were observed in at least one well monitoring the F-Area Seepage Basins. Tritium concentrations above the PDWS occur in forty-four of the fifty-nine (75%) groundwater monitoring wells. Nitrate concentrations above the PDWS occur in thirty-four of the fifty-nine (59%) groundwater wells. The radionuclides, total radium, gross alpha, and nonvolatile beta, exceed the PDWS is over twenty-five percent of the groundwater wells. Heavy metals, cadmium and lead in particular, exceed the PDWS in over twelve percent of the wells. Since 1987, tritium and nitrate concentrations have been steadily declining in a majority of the wells. However, tritium concentrations, from fourth quarter 1989 to first quarter …
Date:
June 1, 1990
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library