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15,492 Matching Results
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Two-Phase Flow Patterns and Frictional Pressure Gradients in a Small, Horizontal, Rectangular Channel
Two-phase flow patterns and frictional pressure gradients in flow in small, rectangular channels are being studies as part of a larger research program addressing phase-change heat transfer of pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures in plate-fin heat exchangers. Small rectangular flow channels were selected as representative of plain fin geometries. The particular channel reported herein has dimensions of 19.05 {times} 3.18 mm. Adiabatic flows of air/water mixtures, with the flow channel horizontal and the channel exit at near-atmospheric conditions, were utilized in the experiments. Analysis and interpretation of the pressure data relative to observed flow pattern transitions led to an objective method for determining the plug/bubble-to-slug flow transition. This method, together with visual observations, supplemented with photographic data, was used to develop a flow pattern man. A comparison of existing flow pattern maps for circular pipes, capillary tubes, and larger rectangular channels led to the conclusion that, while qualitative agreement exists, these maps are not generally applicable on a quantitative basis to the subject small rectangular channel. Two state-of-the-art correlations for frictional pressure gradient were evaluated, with particular emphasis on the practically important ranges of total mass quality and mass flux, from the standpoint of plate-fin heat exchangers designed as evaporators. …
Date:
May 1990
Creator:
Wambsganss, M. W.; Jendrzejczyk, J. A.; France, D. M. & Obot, Nsima T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fixed Mask Assembly Research for APS Insertion Devices
The Fixed Mask Assembly (FMA) is the first component to interact with the photon beam. Two sets of a pair of FMA channels, vertically and horizontally disposed, contain the beam rather than define it. They are subject to very large heat fluxes during containment. In current practice, the FMA channels are made of heavy, seamless copper, have rectangular cross-sections, and are cooled internally with water. Channels are set at grazing angles ranging from 1 to 6 degrees with respect to the beam, depending on the type of insertion device. APS insertion devices will impose higher heat fluxes on FMAs. Therefore, a need exists to improve the FMA engineering, keeping in the mind the current design criteria and philosophy of FMAs. Preliminary analysis of current heat transfer practice indicates that the major resistance to heat transfer is on the coolant side. Therefore, FMA cooling would benefit from enhanced heat transfer on the coolant side. With this principle in mind, an experimental program has been undertaken to explore the feasibility of using high-performance copper tube configurations which are expected to yield heat transfer coefficients, h, '' in single phase flow systems 2 to 5() times higher than equivalent plain tubes. In this …
Date:
January 1990
Creator:
Kuzay, Tuncer M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Strategy for Experimental Validation of Waste Package Performance Assessment
A strategy for the experimental validation of waste package performance assessment has been developed as part of a program supported by the Repository Technology Program. The strategy was developed by reviewing the results of laboratory analog experiments, in-situ tests, repository simulation tests, and material interaction tests. As a result of the review, a listing of dependent and independent variables that influence the ingress of water into the near-field environment, the reaction between water and the waste form, and the transport of radionuclides from the near-field environment was developed. The variables necessary to incorporate into an experimental validation strategy were chosen by identifying those which had the greatest effect of each of the three major events, i.e., groundwater ingress, waste package reactions, and radionuclide transport. The methodology to perform validation experiments was examined by utilizing an existing laboratory analog approach developed for unsaturated testing of glass waste forms.
Date:
January 1990
Creator:
Bates, John K.; Abrajano, Teofilo Aniag; Wronkiewicz, D. J.; Gerding, Thomas J. & Seils, C. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design-Development and Operation of the Experimental Boiling-Water Reactor (EBWR) Facility, 1955--1967
The Experimental Boiling-Water Reactor (EBWR) was designed, built, and operated to provide experience and engineering data that would demonstrate the feasibility of the direct-cycle, boiling-water reactor and be applicable to improved, larger nuclear power stations; and was based on information obtained in the first test boiling-water reactors, the BORAX series. EBWR initially produced 20 MW(t), 5 MW(e); later modified and upgraded, as described and illustrated, it was operated at up to 100 MW(t). The facility fulfilled its primary mission - demonstrating the practicality of the direct-boiling concept - and, in fact, was the prototype of some of the first commercial plants and of reactor programs in some other countries. After successful completion of the Water-Cooled Reactor Program, EBWR was utilized in the joint Argonne-Hanford Plutonium Recycle Program to develop data for the utilization of plutonium as a fuel in light-water thermal systems. Final shutdown of the EBWR facility followed the termination of the latter program.
Date:
November 1990
Creator:
Boing, L. E.; Wimunc, E. A. & Whittington, G. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of the NNWSI [Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations] Unsaturated Test Method to Actinide Doped SRL [Savannah River Laboratory] 165 Type Glass
The results of tests done using the Unsaturated Test Method are presented. These tests, done to determine the suitability of glass in a potential high-level waste repository as developed by the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project, simulate conditions anticipated for the post-containment phase of the repository when only limited contact between the waste form and water is expected. The reaction of glass occurs via processes that are initiated due to glass/water vapor and glass/liquid water contact. Vapor interaction results in the initiation of an exchange process between water and the more mobile species (alkalis and boron) in the glass. The liquid reaction produces interactions similar to those seen in standard leaching tests, except due to the limited amount of water present and the presence of partially sensitized 304L stainless steel, the formation of reaction products greatly exceeds that found in MCC-1 type leach tests. The effect of sensitized stainless steel on the reaction is to enhance breakdown of the glass matrix thereby increasing the release of the transuranic elements from the glass. However, most of the plutonium and americium released is entrained by either the metal components of the test or by the reaction phases, and is not released …
Date:
August 1990
Creator:
Bates, John K. & Gerding, Thomas J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Technology Programs Semiannual Progress Report: October 1987-March 1988
Progress report of the Argonne National Laboratory's Nuclear Technology Programs, including investigations in applied physical chemistry, separation science and technology, and waste management.
Date:
August 1990
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory. Chemical Technology Division.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TRUEX Hot Demonstration
In FY 1987, a program was initiated to demonstrate technology for recovering transuranic (TRU) elements from defense wastes. This hot demonstration was to be carried out with solution from the dissolution of irradiated fuels. This recovery would be accomplished with both PUREX and TRUEX solvent extraction processes. Work planned for this program included preparation of a shielded-cell facility for the receipt and storage of spent fuel from commercial power reactors, dissolution of this fuel, operation of a PUREX process to produce specific feeds for the TRUEX process, operation of a TRUEX process to remove residual actinide elements from PUREX process raffinates, and processing and disposal of waste and product streams. This report documents the work completed in planning and starting up this program. It is meant to serve as a guide for anyone planning similar demonstrations of TRUEX or other solvent extraction processing in a shielded-cell facility.
Date:
April 1990
Creator:
Chamberlain, D. B.; Leonard, R. A.; Hoh, J. C.; Gay, E. C.; Kalina, D. G. & Vandegrift, G. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PC-DYMAC: Personal Computer-DYnamic Materials ACcounting
This manual was designed to provide complete documentation for the computer system used by the EBR-II Fuels and Materials Department, Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-W) for accountability of special nuclear materials (SNM). This document includes background information on the operation of the Fuel Manufacturing Facility (FMF), instructions on computer operations in correlation with production and a detailed manual for PC-DYMAC operation.
Date:
June 1990
Creator:
Jackson, B. Gail
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Practical Superconductor Development for Electrical Power Applications Semiannual Report: October 1989-June 1990
Progress report for the superconductor program at Argonne National Laboratory discussing the group's activities and research. This report describes technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components based on the Y-Ba-Cu, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu, and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu oxide systems.
Date:
June 1990
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory. Materials and Components Technology Division.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Green-State Ceramics
Proton (¹H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging techniques are investigated as a means to nondestructively characterize green-state (unfired) Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramic components. Spectroscopic results indicate that the organic additives used in the injection molding of ceramics behave as soft solids, with broad spectral peak widths (T₂ <0.5 ms) and moderate multicomponent spin-lattice relaxation rates (T{sub 1} ranging from 11 ms to 1 s). Because of the intrinsically different spectral characteristics of the organic additives, conventional-solution NMR imaging techniques cannot be applied to these materials. Hence, the authors developed specialized NMR imaging accessories capable of applying high magnetic field gradients in a back-projection protocol. NMR images were acquired of injection-molded test bars that had been fabricated with different mixing and molding parameters. Organic concentrations determined from the NMR images were correlated with results obtained through destructive testing. The correlation suggests that NMR imaging is a viable technique for quantifying organics in injection-molded green-state ceramics.
Date:
August 1990
Creator:
Gopalsami, Nachappa; Dieckman, S. L.; Ellingson, W. A.; Botto, Robert E.; Wong, P. S.; Yeh, H. C. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory Institute in Automated Reasoning : Held at Argonne National Laboratory, August 6-10, 1990
On August 6--10, 1990, Argonne National Laboratory hosted a Theory Institute in Automated Reasoning. The institute was organized by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division and was supported by special funding from Argonne's Physical Research Program Administration. The focus of the Institute was on the obstacles confronting the effective automation of reasoning. The objective was to lay the groundwork for formulating a theory governing the interrelationship of representation, inference rule, and strategy. Here we summarize the activities that took place during the week-long Institute. We also present an evaluation of the progress achieved-progress that includes the solution of challenge questions, the increasing use of both our database of problems and our automated reasoning program OTTER, and the discovery of new used for OTTER.
Date:
August 1990
Creator:
Wos, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Tutorial on the Construction of High-Performance Resolution/Paramodulation Systems
Over the past 25 years, researchers have written numerous deduction systems based on resolution and paramodulation. Of these systems, a very few have been capable of generating and maintaining a formula database "containing more than just a few thousand clauses. These few systems were used to explore mechanisms for rapidly extracting limited subsets of relevant" clauses. We have written this tutorial to reflect some of the best ideas that have emerged and to cast them in a form that makes them easily accessible to students wishing to write their own high-performance systems.
Date:
September 1990
Creator:
Butler, R. & Overbeek, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Portable Generic Elementary Function Package in Ada and an Accurate Test Suite
A comprehensive set of elementary functions has been implemented portably in Ada. The high accuracy of the implementation has been confirmed by rigorous analysis. Moreover, we present new test methods that are efficient and offer a high resolution of 0.005 unit in the last place. These test methods have been implemented portably here and confirm the accuracy of our implemented functions. Reports on the accuracy of other function libraries obtained by our test programs are also presented.
Date:
November 1990
Creator:
Tang, Ping Tak Peter
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Test and Evaluation of the Argonne BPAC10 Series Air Chamber Calorimeter Designed for 20 Minute Measurements
This paper is the final report on DOE-OSS Task ANLE88002 Fast Air Chamber Calorimetry.'' The task objective was to design, construct, and test an isothermal air chamber calorimeter for plutonium assay of bulk samples that would meet the following requirements for sample power measurement: average sample measurement time less than 20 minutes. Measurement of samples with power output up to 10 W. Precision of better than 1% RSD for sample power greater than 1 W. Precision better than 0.010 watt SD, for sample power less than 1 W. This report gives a description of the calorimeter hardware and software and discusses the test results. The instrument operating procedure, included as an appendix, gives examples of typical input/output and explains the menu driven software.
Date:
October 1990
Creator:
Perry, Ronald B.; Fiarman, Sidney; Jung, Erwin A. & Cremers, Teresa
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Materials Evaluation and Inspection : New Methods, Materials and Dimensions, Proceedings of the Conference Held at Argonne National Laboratory, September 25-26, 1989
A conference at Argonne National Laboratory for executives and technical personnel in small and medium-size manufacturing companies summarized how materials evaluation and inspection by nondestructive methods are changing and broadening. The application of these rapidly emerging techniques in maintaining and improving the quality and competitiveness of manufactured products was stressed. Individual papers have been cataloged separately.
Date:
November 1990
Creator:
Nevitt, Michael V. & Peterson, Norman D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Theory for Fluidelastic Instability of Tube-Support-Plate Inactive Modes
Fluid-elastic instability of loosely supported tubes, vibrating in a tube-support-plate (TSP) inactive mode, is suspected to be one of the main causes of tube failure in some operating steam generators and heat exchangers. This report presents a mathematical model for fluid-elastic instability of loosely supported tubes exposed to non-uniform cross-flow. The model incorporates all motion-dependent fluid forces based on the unsteady flow theory. In the unstable region associated with a TSP-inactive mode, tube motion can be described by two linear models: TSP-inactive mode when tubes do not strike the TSP, and TSP-active mode when tubes do strike the TSP. A bilinear model (consisting of these linear models) presented in this report simulates the characteristics of fluid-elastic instability of loosely supported tubes in stable and unstable regions associated with TSP-inactive modes. Analytical results obtained with the model are compared with published experimental data; they agree reasonably well. The prediction procedure presented for fluid-elastic instability response of loosely supported tubes is applicable to the stable and unstable regions of the TSP-inactive mode.
Date:
September 1990
Creator:
Cai, Y.; Chen, Shoei-Sheng & Chandra, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rationale for the Proposed Standard for a Generic Package of Primitive Functions for Ada
This paper supplements the Proposed Standard for a Generic Package of Primitive Functions for Ada, '' written by the ISO- IEC/JTC1/SC22/WG9 (Ada) Numerics Rapporteur Group. Based on recommendations made jointly by the ACM SIGAda Numerics Working Group and the Ada-Europe Numerics Working Group, the proposed primitive functions standard is the second of several anticipated secondary standards to address the interrelated issues of portability, efficiency, and robustness of numerical software written in Ada. Its purpose, features, and developmental history are outlined in this commentary.
Date:
December 1990
Creator:
Dritz, Kenneth W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Formal System Specifications : a Case Study of Three Diverse Representations
The only effective way to raise the confidence level of a program significantly is to give a convincing proof of its correctness. But one should not first make the program and then prove its correctness, because then the requirement of providing the proof would only increase the poor programmer's burden. On the contrary: the programmer should let correctness proof and program grow hand in hand.
Date:
December 1990
Creator:
Chisholm, G. H.; Smith, Brian Thomas & Wojcik, A. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two-Phase Flow Patterns and Frictional Pressure Gradients in a Small Rectangular Channel : a Comparison Between Two Horizontal Orientations
In horizontal flow through a rectangular channel, the channel cross section can be oriented so that the long side is either vertical or horizontal. The effect of cross-section orientation on the fluid dynamic characteristics of two-phase flow is of interest in plate-fin heat exchanger design because a heat exchanger can be similarly oriented to operate in either of the two orientations. An earlier study of two-phase flow patterns and frictional pressure gradients in a small rectangular channel with the channel cross section oriented with the long side vertical was performed and reported. This report presents the results of a complementary study of the same channel, but with the channel cross section oriented so that the long side was horizontal. Flow patterns were studied and a flow pattern map, using superficial gas and liquid velocities as co-ordinates, was developed. Measured two-phase frictional pressure drops were analyzed using the concept of two--phase flow multipliers. Results from the two channel orientations were compared. While there are some notable differences in flow patterns at low mass qualities and low mass fluxes, in the practical range of interest for plate-fin heat exchanger design the effects on frictional pressure gradient are minimal and the modified correlation …
Date:
November 1990
Creator:
Wambsganss, M. W.; Jendrzejczyk, J. A.; France, D. M. & Obot, Nsima T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Practical Superconductor Development for Electrical Power Applications, Annual Report: 1990
Annual report for the superconductor program at Argonne National Laboratory discussing the group's activities and research. This report describes technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components based on the Y-Ba--Cu, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu, Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu, and TI-Ba-Ca-Cu oxide systems including: synthesis and heat treatment of high-Ta superconductors, formation of monolithic and composite wires and tapes, superconductor/metal connectors, characterization of structures and superconducting and mechanical properties, and fabrication and properties of thin films.
Date:
October 1990
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory. Materials and Components Technology Division.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Candidate Waste Container Materials
Six alloys have been selected as candidate container materials for the storage of high-level nuclear waste at the proposed Yucca Mountain site in Nevada. These materials are Type 304L stainless steel (SS), Type 316L SS, Incoloy 825, P-deoxidized Cu, Cu-30%Ni, and Cu-7%A1. The present program has been initiated to determine whether any of these materials can survive for 300 years in the site environment without developing through-wall stress corrosion cracks, and to assess the relative resistance of these materials to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). A series of slow-strain-rate tests (SSRTs) jn simulated Well J-13 water which is representative of the groundwater present at the Yucca Mountain site has been completed, and crack-growth-rate (CGR) tests are also being conducted under the same environmental conditions.
Date:
November 1990
Creator:
Maiya, P. S.; Soppet, W. K.; Park, J. Y.; Kassner, T. F.; Shack, W. J. & Diercks, D. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Local Interfacial Area Concentration Measurement in Bubbly Flow
The interfacial area concentration is one of the most important parameters in a thermal-hydraulic analysis of two-phase flow systems based on the two-fluid model. A theoretical foundation of the measurement method for the time averaged local interfacial area using a double sensor probe is presented. Based on this theory, the double sensor resistivity probe was employed for the measurement of local properties of two-phase flow such as the interfacial velocity, local interfacial area concentration and void fraction in vertical air-water bubbly flow. Experimental data are presented on the radial profiles of the void fraction, bubble velocity, bubble chord length and interfacial area concentration at various gas flow rates. In addition to these, some statistical information on turbulent motions of bubbles are presented. Each of the double sensors are checked against the global void measurement using a differential pressure. The result is very satisfactory. Furthermore, the area averaged void fraction, and the interfacial area concentration obtained from the double sensor probe measurement compared very well with the photographic measurements. The results show that the double sensor probe method is accurate and reliable for the local measurements of interfacial area and void fraction in bubbly two-phase flow. Results of the measurement of …
Date:
October 1990
Creator:
Ishii, M. & Revankar, Shripad T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Technical studies on a composite groundwater sample from F- and H-Area
A composite sample of groundwater from F- and H-Areas was collected by Waste Management Tech and delivered to the Savannah River Laboratory to use in preliminary experiments that would test three remediation technologies under consideration. The three technologies are pH adjustment and filtration, decontamination with a strong acid ion exchange resin, and decontamination with a chelating ion exchange resin.
Date:
August 15, 1990
Creator:
Bibler, J. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modeling requirements for full-scope reactor simulators of fission-product transport during severe accidents
This paper describes in the needs and requirements to properly and efficiently model fission product transport on full scope reactor simulators. Current LWR simulators can be easily adapted to model severe accident phenomena and the transport of radionuclides. Once adapted these simulators can be used as a training tool during operator training exercises for training on severe accident guidelines, for training on containment venting procedures, or as training tool during site wide emergency training exercises.
Date:
January 1, 1990
Creator:
Ellison, P.G.; Monson, P.R. (Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States)) & Mitchell, H.A. (Concord Associates, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library