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Establishment of a viable population of red-cockaded woodpeckers at the Savannah River Site. Annual report, FY 1990 (open access)

Establishment of a viable population of red-cockaded woodpeckers at the Savannah River Site. Annual report, FY 1990

In 1985 the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station (SEFES) in cooperation with the Department of Energy, the Savannah River Forest Station (SRFS) and the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) initiated a research/management program to restore a viable population of red-cockaded woodpeckers (RCW) to the Savannah River Site (SRS). We managed to stabilize the population in the first couple of years through an intensive flying squirrel removal project as well as augmentation of female RCW`s to the SRS population. We are now in the expansion phase of the project. In 1990 we have focused our efforts on: (1) developing a cavity excavation method and excavating cavities in suitable habitat; (2) flying squirrel control; (3) translocation of RCW`s; (4) monitoring clan composition and reproduction; (5) identification of old-growth stands with the potential of providing new nesting habitat to support population expansion; and (6) surveying lands near SRS where RCW`s were thought to exist. This report summarizes activities for FY 1990 and plans for FY 1991.
Date: December 31, 1990
Creator: Allen, D. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced sensor development program for the pulp and paper industry (open access)

Advanced sensor development program for the pulp and paper industry

This report describes experimental and theoretical studies toward development of a remote sensing technique for non-intrusive temperature measurement based on optical spectroscopic analysis of recovery boiler. The overall objectives were (a) construction of a fiber-optic system for measurement of spectroscopic emission intensities at several wavelengths and (b) development of a computer program relating these intensities to temperatures of the emitting species. The emitting species for temperature measurements in flames can be either naturally occurring free radicals (OH, CH, C{sub 2}) or atoms which, in turn, can be either naturally occurring or seeded into flames. Sodium atoms, the obvious emitters in recovery boilers, are not promising as thermometric species because of their high concentration. At high concentrations, strong self-absorption results cause optical depths to be much smaller than the sampling depths desired for recovery boilers. An experimental program was, therefore, undertaken with the objective of identification and spectroscopic detection and measurement of other naturally occurring thermometric species. The program consisted of several laboratory studies and four field trips to different recovery boilers. 19 refs., 43 figs., 8 tabs.
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Allen, J.D.; Charagundla, S.R.; Macek, A.; Semerjian, H.G. & Whetstone, J.R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Parameter estimation of structural dynamic models using eigenvalue and eigenvector information (open access)

Parameter estimation of structural dynamic models using eigenvalue and eigenvector information

Structural system identification methods are analytical techniques for reconciling test data with analytical models. The response data frequently used to compare a finite element model and test data are the eigenvalues of the system. However, eigenvalues alone cannot assure an adequate model. Eigenvectors also provide valuable information for the process of updating finite element models. For large order, complex finite element models, ad-hoc procedures have often proven inadequate for model parameter updating. Therefore, parameter estimation techniques such as Bayes estimation or mathematical programming have been applied. Mathematical programming techniques can be use for parameter estimation allowing a very general definition of the objective function and constraints. This paper will present the application of mathematical programming techniques of parameter estimation to the updating of a finite element model of an electronic package. The following topics will be discussed in the paper. The mathematical programming formulation of the parameter estimation problem, which uses both eigenvalue and eigenvector response data. The software implementation of this technique. The application of this methodology to the estimation of parameters of an electronics package model.
Date: November 1, 1990
Creator: Allen, James J. & Martinez, David R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A demonstration experiment of steam-driven, high-pressure melt ejection (open access)

A demonstration experiment of steam-driven, high-pressure melt ejection

A steam blowdown test was performed at the Surtsey Direct Heating Test Facility to test the steam supply system and burst diaphragm arrangement that will be used in subsequent Surtsey Direct Containment Heating (DCH) experiments. Following successful completion of the steam blowdown test, the HIPS-10S (High-Pressure Melt Streaming) experiment was conducted to demonstrate that the technology to perform steam-driven, high-pressure melt ejection (HPME) experiments has been successfully developed. In addition, the HIPS-10S experiment was used to assess techniques and instrumentation design to create the proper timing of events in HPME experiments. This document discusses the results of this test.
Date: August 1, 1990
Creator: Allen, M.D.; Pitch, M. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA)) & Nichols, R.T. (Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, NM (USA))
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Free-electron laser experiments in the microwave tokamak experiment (open access)

Free-electron laser experiments in the microwave tokamak experiment

Microwave pulses have been injected from a free electron-laser (FEL) into the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) at up to 0.2 GW at 140 GHz in short pulses (10-ns duration) with O-mode polarization. The power transmitted through the plasma was measured in a first experimental study of high power pulse propagation in the plasma; no nonlinear effects were found at this power level. Calculations indicate that nonlinear effects may be found at the higher power densities expected in future experiments. 9 refs., 2 figs.
Date: August 1, 1990
Creator: Allen, S. L.; Brown, M. D.; Byers, J. A.; Casper, T. A.; Cohen, B. I.; Cohen, R. H. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
CFE verification: The decision to inspect (open access)

CFE verification: The decision to inspect

Verification of compliance with the provisions of the treaty on Conventional Forces-Europe (CFE) is subject to inspection quotas of various kinds. Thus the decision to carry out a specific inspection or verification activity must be prudently made. This decision process is outlined, and means for conserving quotas'' are suggested. 4 refs., 1 fig.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Allentuck, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Extension of SCDAP/RELAP5 severe accident models to non-LWR reactor designs. [Non-Light Water Reactors] (open access)

Extension of SCDAP/RELAP5 severe accident models to non-LWR reactor designs. [Non-Light Water Reactors]

The SCDAP/RELAP5 code has been extended to calculate the core melt progression and fission product transport that may occur in non-LWR reactors during severe accidents. The code's approach of connecting together according to user instructions all of the parts that constitute a reactor system give the code the capability to model a wide range of reactor designs. The models added to the code for analyses of non-LWR reactors include: (a) oxidation and melt progression in cores with U-Al based fuel elements, (b) movement of liquefied material from its original place in the core to other parts of the reactor systems, such as the outlet piping, (c) fission product release from U-Al based fuel and zinc release from aluminum, and (d) fission product release from a pool of molten core material. 9 refs., 5 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Allison, C. M.; Siefken, L. J.; Hagrman, D. L. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (USA)) & Cheng, T. C. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The role of amenities and other factors in influencing the location of nonmanufacturing industry in the United States (open access)

The role of amenities and other factors in influencing the location of nonmanufacturing industry in the United States

Consumer and producer services, the latter in particular, are expected to become an important means of diversification and employment growth to the economy of Nevada. It has been suggested that the siting of the nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, will lead to a significant reduction in the amenity value of the state and, consequently, the ability of the state to attract these nonmanufacturing industries. This report reviews the literature dealing with factors important to the location of services, with an emphasis on producer services, to determine whether amenities, which have been shown to be an important locational consideration for some manufacturing firms, similarly affect the location of services. The report finds little substantive evidence to link amenities with the location of service firms, although the process by which these firms` locations are chosen is not well understood. Research in this area is comparatively recent, and although a number of theories of service location have been developed, the majority of research is exploratory in scope.
Date: July 1990
Creator: Allison, T. & Calzonetti, F. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Edge fluctuations in the MST (Madison Symmetric Torus) reversed field pinch (open access)

Edge fluctuations in the MST (Madison Symmetric Torus) reversed field pinch

Edge magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations are measured in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed field pinch. At low frequency (<25 kHz), the mode number spectra of magnetic fluctuations agree very well with theoretical prediction for nonlinearly saturated tearing fluctuations resonant in the core. At high frequency (50 kHz to 100 kHz) the magnetic spectra broaden and the modes become resonant in the reversal region. Nonlinear phenomena are under experimental investigation. The low frequency fluctuations phase-lock together to produce a rotating localized disturbance. Bi-spectral analysis in frequency also reveals nonlinear three-wave mode-coupling at low frequency. Electrostatic fluctuations are substantial and do not appear to obey a Boltzmann relation (i.e. e{tilde {phi}}/kT{sub e} > {tilde p}{sub e}/p{sub e} where {tilde {phi}} and {tilde p}{sub e} are the fluctuating potential and pressure, respectively). From measurements of the fluctuating density, temperature, and potential we infer that the electrostatic fluctuation induced transport of particles and energy can be substantial. 13 refs., 11 figs.
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Almagri, A.; Assadi, S.; Beckstead, J.; Chartas, G.; Crocker, N.; Den Hartog, D. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global confinement in the MST (Madison Symmetric Torus) reversed field pinch (open access)

Global confinement in the MST (Madison Symmetric Torus) reversed field pinch

Global confinement measured in the first six months of MST full design operation is summarized. Central electron temperature and enhancement of resistivity over the Z = 1 Spitzer value are similar to other RFP experiments for the same value of I/N. As in several other RFP experiments, energy confinement time and poloidal beta are found to decrease with increasing plasma current, with maximum values of {tau}{sub E} {approximately} 1 ms and {beta}{sub p} {approximately} 10%. Particle transport may be approximated with a diffusion coefficient D {approximately} 40 m{sup 2}/s for a discharge studied with a 1-d particle-neutral code. A more elaborate code, incorporating heat and impurity transport, indicates an increase of Z{sub eff} with I/N. This code also reveals that the toroidal magnetic field decays resistively between discrete dynamo events, at the rate given by the measured global resistivity. Edge suprathermal electrons are observed as on other RFPs, with temperatures comparable to the central electron temperature and carrying a current density at least 15% of the total measured with an insertable magnetic coil array. Radial magnetic profiles measured with this array may be matched with a Modified Polynomial Function Model equilibrium for a value of {beta}{sub p} which is a …
Date: October 1, 1990
Creator: Almagri, A.; Assadi, S.; Beckstead, J.; Chartas, G.; Cudzinovic, M.; Den Hartog, D. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trace multielement analysis of reactor moderator water: Simultaneous determination of copper, gold, silver, and mercury using differential pulse stripping voltammetry (open access)

Trace multielement analysis of reactor moderator water: Simultaneous determination of copper, gold, silver, and mercury using differential pulse stripping voltammetry

A rapid, inexpensive trace multi-element analysis of reactor moderator heavy water is described. Samples were analyzed for copper, silver, gold, and mercury at the low ppb level using Differential Pulse Stripping Voltametry (DPSV). These ions are kept below 25 ppb to avoid possible vessel corrosion. A high concentration of aluminum and iron in the samples prevented analysis by ICP spectroscopy. The DPSV method also avoided volatizing highly tritiated samples. Differential Pulse Stripping Voltametry is a commonly used electroanalytical technique for determining trace levels of metals in aqueous solutions. However, application of this method for routine analytical support in a plant laboratory environment was limited due to the method's sensitivity to interferences. This paper describes a DPSV method which is rugged enough to be used for routine analytical support and addresses method interferences.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Almon, A. C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trace multielement analysis of reactor moderator water: Simultaneous determination of copper, gold, silver, and mercury using differential pulse stripping voltammetry (open access)

Trace multielement analysis of reactor moderator water: Simultaneous determination of copper, gold, silver, and mercury using differential pulse stripping voltammetry

A rapid, inexpensive trace multi-element analysis of reactor moderator heavy water is described. Samples were analyzed for copper, silver, gold, and mercury at the low ppb level using Differential Pulse Stripping Voltametry (DPSV). These ions are kept below 25 ppb to avoid possible vessel corrosion. A high concentration of aluminum and iron in the samples prevented analysis by ICP spectroscopy. The DPSV method also avoided volatizing highly tritiated samples. Differential Pulse Stripping Voltametry is a commonly used electroanalytical technique for determining trace levels of metals in aqueous solutions. However, application of this method for routine analytical support in a plant laboratory environment was limited due to the method`s sensitivity to interferences. This paper describes a DPSV method which is rugged enough to be used for routine analytical support and addresses method interferences.
Date: December 31, 1990
Creator: Almon, A. C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electrochemical oxidation of organic waste (open access)

Electrochemical oxidation of organic waste

Both silver catalyzed and direct electrochemical oxidation of organic species are examined in analytical detail. This paper describes the mechanisms, reaction rates, products, intermediates, capabilities, limitations, and optimal reaction conditions of the electrochemical destruction of organic waste. A small bench-top electrocell being tested for the treatment of small quantities of laboratory waste is described. The 200-mL electrochemical cell used has a processing capacity of 50 mL per day, and can treat both radioactive and nonradioactive waste. In the silver catalyzed process, Ag(I) is electrochemically oxidized to Ag(II), which attacks organic species such as tributylphosphate (TBP), tetraphenylborate (TPB), and benzene. In direct electrochemical oxidation, the organic species are destroyed at the surface of the working electrode without the use of silver as an electron transfer agent. This paper focuses on the destruction of tributylphosphate (TBP), although several organic species have been destroyed using this process. The organic species are converted to carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic acids.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Almon, A. C. & Buchanan, B. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electrochemical oxidation of organic waste (open access)

Electrochemical oxidation of organic waste

Both silver catalyzed and direct electrochemical oxidation of organic species are examined in analytical detail. This paper describes the mechanisms, reaction rates, products, intermediates, capabilities, limitations, and optimal reaction conditions of the electrochemical destruction of organic waste. A small bench-top electrocell being tested for the treatment of small quantities of laboratory waste is described. The 200-mL electrochemical cell used has a processing capacity of 50 mL per day, and can treat both radioactive and nonradioactive waste. In the silver catalyzed process, Ag(I) is electrochemically oxidized to Ag(II), which attacks organic species such as tributylphosphate (TBP), tetraphenylborate (TPB), and benzene. In direct electrochemical oxidation, the organic species are destroyed at the surface of the working electrode without the use of silver as an electron transfer agent. This paper focuses on the destruction of tributylphosphate (TBP), although several organic species have been destroyed using this process. The organic species are converted to carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic acids.
Date: December 31, 1990
Creator: Almon, A. C. & Buchanan, B. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electrolytic destruction of spent tributylphosphate extractant using silver catalyzed electrochemical oxidation (open access)

Electrolytic destruction of spent tributylphosphate extractant using silver catalyzed electrochemical oxidation

Silver catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of organic species is examined in analytical detail. This paper describes the mechanisms, reactions rates, products, intermediates, capabilities, limitations, and optimal reaction conditions of the electrochemical destruction of organic waste. A small bench-top electrocell being tested for the treatment of small quantity laboratory waste is described. The 200 mL electrochemical cell used has a processing capacity of 50 mL per day, and can treat both radioactive and non-radioactive waste. In the silver catalyzed process, Ag(I) is electrochemically oxidized to Ag(II) which attacks organic species such as tributylphosphate (TBP), tetraphenylborate (TPB), and benzene {sup 1,2}. This paper focuses on the destruction of tributylphosphate (TBP) although several organic species have been destroyed using this process. The organic species are converted to carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic acids. The process has the potential for RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) waste treatment as well as disposal of large amounts of radioactive organic waste.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Almon, A. C. & Buchanan, B. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Scalable coherent interface (open access)

Scalable coherent interface

The Scalable Coherent Interface (IEEE P1596) is establishing an interface standard for very high performance multiprocessors, supporting a cache-coherent-memory model scalable to systems with up to 64K nodes. This Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) will supply a peak bandwidth per node of 1 GigaByte/second. The SCI standard should facilitate assembly of processor, memory, I/O and bus bridge cards from multiple vendors into massively parallel systems with throughput far above what is possible today. The SCI standard encompasses two levels of interface, a physical level and a logical level. The physical level specifies electrical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of connectors and cards that meet the standard. The logical level describes the address space, data transfer protocols, cache coherence mechanisms, synchronization primitives and error recovery. In this paper we address logical level issues such as packet formats, packet transmission, transaction handshake, flow control, and cache coherence. 11 refs., 10 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Alnaes, K.; Kristiansen, E. H. (Dolphin Server Technology A. S., Oslo (Norway)); Gustavson, D. B. (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA (USA)) & James, D. V. (Apple Computer, Cupertino, CA (USA))
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Search for Massive Compact Halo Objects in Our Galaxy (open access)

A Search for Massive Compact Halo Objects in Our Galaxy

MAssive Compact Halo Objects such as brown dwarfs, Jupiters, and black holes are prime candidates to comprise the dark halo of our galaxy. Paczynski noted that these objects (dubbed MACHOs) can be detected via gravitational microlensing of stars in the Magellanic Clouds with the caveat that only about one in 10{sup 6} stars will be lensed at any given time. Our group is currently involved in constructing a dedicated observing system at the Mount Stromlo Observatory in Australia. We will use a refurbished 1.27 meter telescope and an innovative two-color CCD camera with 3.4 {times} 10{sup 7} pixels to monitor 10{sup 6} {minus} 10{sup 7} stars in the Magellanic Clouds. During the first year of operation (1991--1992), we hope to detect (or rule out) objects in the mass range 0.001M{sub {circle dot}} {le} M {le} 0.1M{sub {circle dot}}, and after five years, we hope to have covered the range 10{sup {minus}6}M{sub {circle dot}} < M {approx lt} 100M{sub {circle dot}}. 4 refs.
Date: December 19, 1990
Creator: Alock, C.; Axelrod, T.; Cook, K.; Park, H. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)); Griest, K.; Stubbs, C. (California Univ., Berkeley, CA (USA). Center for Particle Astrophysics) et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Review of ion accelerators (open access)

Review of ion accelerators

The field of ion acceleration to higher energies has grown rapidly in the last years. Many new facilities as well as substantial upgrades of existing facilities have extended the mass and energy range of available beams. Perhaps more significant for the long-term development of the field has been the expansion in the applications of these beams, and the building of facilities dedicated to areas outside of nuclear physics. This review will cover many of these new developments. Emphasis will be placed on accelerators with final energies above 50 MeV/amu. Facilities such as superconducting cyclotrons and storage rings are adequately covered in other review papers, and so will not be covered here.
Date: June 1, 1990
Creator: Alonso, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerators for research and applications (open access)

Accelerators for research and applications

The newest particle accelerators are almost always built for extending the frontiers of research, at the cutting edge of science and technology. Once these machines are operating and these technologies mature, new applications are always found, many of which touch our lives in profound ways. The evolution of accelerator technologies will be discussed, with descriptions of accelerator types and characteristics. The wide range of applications of accelerators will be discussed, in fields such as nuclear science, medicine, astrophysics and space-sciences, power generation, airport security, materials processing and microcircuit fabrication. 13 figs.
Date: June 1, 1990
Creator: Alonso, J. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
X-ray absorption spectroscopy: EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) and XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) (open access)

X-ray absorption spectroscopy: EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) and XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure)

The x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) had been an essential tool to gather spectroscopic information about atomic energy level structure in the early decades of this century. It has also played an important role in the discovery and systematization of rare-earth elements. The discovery of synchrotron radiation in 1952, and later the availability of broadly tunable synchrotron based x-ray sources have revitalized this technique since the 1970's. The correct interpretation of the oscillatory structure in the x-ray absorption cross-section above the absorption edge by Sayers et. al. has transformed XAS from a spectroscopic tool to a structural technique. EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) yields information about the interatomic distances, near neighbor coordination numbers, and lattice dynamics. An excellent description of the principles and data analysis techniques of EXAFS is given by Teo. XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure), on the other hand, gives information about the valence state, energy bandwidth and bond angles. Today, there are about 50 experimental stations in various synchrotrons around the world dedicated to collecting x-ray absorption data from the bulk and surfaces of solids and liquids. In this chapter, we will give the basic principles of XAS, explain the information content of essentially two different …
Date: April 1, 1990
Creator: Alp, E.E.; Mini, S.M. & Ramanathan, M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced solar concentrator development in the United States (open access)

Advanced solar concentrator development in the United States

Sandia National Laboratories is the lead laboratory for the United States Department of Energy's program to develop, build, and test advanced solar concentrators that are low in cost, have high performance, and demonstrate a long lifetime. The principal focus of DOE's concentrator program is on the development of heliostats for central receiver power plants and point focus parabolic dishes for use with a 25-kWe Stirling engine. The status and future plans of DOE's program in each area are reviewed. 29 refs., 7 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Alpert, D.J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A study of liquid scintillator and fiber materials for use in a fiber calorimeter (open access)

A study of liquid scintillator and fiber materials for use in a fiber calorimeter

This reports an investigation into the performance of selected scintillation oils and fiber materials to test their applicability in high energy, liquid scintillator calorimetry. Two scintillating oils, Bicron BC-517 and an oil mixed for the MACRO experiment, and two fiber materials, Teflon and GlassClad PS-252, were tested for the following properties: light yield, attenuation length and internal reflection angle. The results of these tests indicated that the scintillation oils and the fiber materials had an overall good performance with lower energies and would meet the requirements of liquid scintillator detection at SSC energies. 6 refs.
Date: April 1, 1990
Creator: Altice, P.P. Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Design Aspects for a Pulsed-Mode, High Intensity, Heavy Negative Ion Source (open access)

Design Aspects for a Pulsed-Mode, High Intensity, Heavy Negative Ion Source

A high-intensity, plasma-sputter, negative ion source, which utilizes multi-cusp, magnetic-field, plasma-confinement techniques, has been designed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The source is an axial-geometry version of the radial-geometry source which has demonstrated pulsed-mode peak intensity levels of several mA for a wide spectrum of heavy negative ion species. The mechanical design features include provisions for fast interchange of sputter samples, ease of maintenance, direct cooling of the discharge chamber, and the use of easily replaced coaxial LaB{sub 6} cathodes. 13 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Alton, G. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Negative Ion Formation Processes: A General Review (open access)

Negative Ion Formation Processes: A General Review

The principal negative ion formation processes will be briefly reviewed. Primary emphasis will be placed on the more efficient and universal processes of charge transfer and secondary ion formation through non-thermodynamic surface ionization. 86 refs., 20 figs.
Date: January 1, 1990
Creator: Alton, G. D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library