We have obtained rigorous estimates for the attractors of some basic dissipative differential equations which are within the physical or numerical ranges (e.g. 2D Navier-Stokes equations). We have shown that the ring laser cavity equations have a finite dimensional attractor. We have constructed inertial manifolds for a large class of dissipative differential equations (e.g. Kuramoto-Sivashinsky and Ginzberg-Landau equations). For a large class of equations including the 2D Navier-Stokes equations we have introduced several approximate intertial manifolds which yield new approximative ordinary differential equations with better error estimates then those of the usual Galerkin approximations. We have evidence that the new approximating schemes lead to computational improvements upon the Galerkin schemes. We have given a normal form for the Navier-Stokes which allows the explicit asymptotic integration of the equations. We have also proposed a new theoretical approach to decaying homogeneous turbulence. We also made some contribution to robust control theory which may be relevant to fluid dynamics.

The high-energy ring (HER) of the B-Factory, running at an energy of 9 GeV, generates the synchrotron spectrum when applied to a ring with the PEP bending radius. The B-Factory HER may also run at 12 GeV, producing the harder spectrum. Depending upon beam-pipe material and thickness, some of this radiation may escape and deposit energy in the surrounding material. This was originally pointed out in PEP-109 during the initial design of PEP, and subsequently verified by measurements at both PEP and PETRA at DESY. Of concern to the B Factory is magnet insulation, though other adjacent materials such as wire insulation and cooling water hoses are even more radiosensitive. Radiation damage to magnets is a function of the type of material used in the potting compound. The PEP magnets, which hopefully can be used for the high-energy ring of the B-Factory, are insulated with an epoxy composed of DER-332, DER-732, NMA and aluminum oxide. It is estimated that this epoxy compound should tolerate doses near the 10{sup 10} rad range. To summarize the results of these calculations, 0.87 cm of copper is needed at the point of maximum dose from 12-GeV operation in order to reach the dose criterion …

This report describes the evolution of personnel dosimeter technology at Hanford since the inception of Hanford operations in 1944. Each of the personnel dosimeter systems used by people working or visiting Hanford is described. In addition, the procedures used to calibrate and calculate dose for each of the dosimeter systems are described. The accuracy of the recorded dose, primarily whole body deep dose, for the different dosimeter systems is evaluated. The evaluation is based on an extensive review of historical literature, as well as a 1989 intercomparison study of all film dosimeters and performance testing of the thermoluminescent dosimeter, also conducted during 1989. 73 refs., 40 figs., 41 tabs.

Experiment E760 has a lead glass (Pb-G) calorimeter situated in the antiproton source tunnel in the accumulator ring at location A50. This location is exposed to radiation from several sources during antiproton stacking operations. A series of radiation studies has been performed over the last two years to determine the sources of this radiation and as a result, some shielding has been installed in the antiproton source in order to protect the lead glass from radiation damage.

COMPLEAT takes its name, as an acronym, from Community-Oriented Model for Planning Least-Cost Energy Alternatives and Technologies. It is an electric utility planning model designed for use principally by publicly owned electric utilities and agencies serving such utilities. As a model, COMPLEAT is significantly more full-featured and complex than called out in APPA's original plan and proposal to DOE. The additional complexity grew out of a series of discussions early in the development schedule, in which it became clear to APPA staff and advisors that the simplicity characterizing the original plan, while highly desirable in terms of utility applications, was not achievable if practical utility problems were to be addressed. The project teams settled on Energy 20/20, an existing model developed by Dr. George Backus of Policy Assessment Associates, as the best candidate for the kinds of modifications and extensions that would be required. The remainder of the project effort was devoted to designing specific input data files, output files, and user screens and to writing and testing the compute programs that would properly implement the desired features around Energy 20/20 as a core program. This report presents in outline form, the features and user interface of COMPLEAT.

The particle tracking code SSCTRK is currently being adapted to operational simulation and beam-beam effect studies for the Collider rings of the SSC. During beam-beam effect studies, the lattice content of the bending arcs is normally not varied, making fast truncated Taylor map tracking through the arcs an attractive option. The implementation of SSCTRK as a truncated Taylor map tracking program has been carried out using the differential algebra library ZLIB, which simplified the task to that of straightforward translation of SSCTRK kick and drift arithmetic operations to calls to the corresponding polynomial operation subroutines of ZLIB. The accuracy and speed (relative to normal SSCTRK tracking) of truncated Taylor map tracking at 2mm betatron oscillation amplitude was studied in various orders of the map. The seventh order map was found to be in agreement with the normal SSCTRK to about eight significant figures on the first turn, and to a fraction of 1% on the 100,000th turn, for a typical 5cm magnet aperture lattice, and could be made to track at ten times the speed of the normal SSCTRK kick-drift tracking on a scalar architecture (Sun) workstation. (The map tracking subroutines of ZLIB are optimized for vector and parallel architecture …

This report describes the current state of work in progress with respect to the geometry, alignment requirements, scenarios, and hardware for meeting the tolerances of the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) at SLAC. The methods and systems proposed acknowledge that component motion at the micron level, from whatever cause (ground motion, thermal effects, etc.) must be measured on-line and compensated for on relatively short time scales. To provide an integrated alignment/positioning package, some unique designs for reference systems, calibration of effect electric and magnetic centers, and component movers are introduced. 24 refs., 28 figs.

In the period of this grant I worked on three main areas: (1) Symmetries in inviscid flow equations in one, two, and three dimensions and related nonlinear stability theorems for these flows; (2) applications of Hamiltonian mechanics to the problems of shallow water equations and internal wave dynamics in oceanic flows; and, (3) analysis of signals from chaotic systems with an eye toward learning how to build models of chaotic systems in nature.

Carbon clusters of the form C{sub N}{sup {minus}} are observed at least out to N = 30 confirming that cluster formation is occurring in the high pressure waiting room'' of the supersonic cluster source. This can be stated unequivocally, since only up to N = 13 is observed by direct laser desorption of a carbon target in the absence of supersonic expansion. Currently underway is a systematic investigation of a wide variety of M{sup +}-C{sub n}H{sub 2n} species with n = 2--10 and M = first and second row transition metal ions. In addition we will shortly apply this methodology to doubly charged ions and metal cluster ions. All indications are that this area will be highly productive.

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), San Francisco District, was authorized by the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 to deepen and widen the navigation channels of Inner and Outer Oakland Harbor, California, to accommodate modern deep-draft vessels. The recommended plan consists of deepening the harbor channels from the presently authorized water depth of {minus}35 ft mean lower low water (MLLW) to {minus}42 ft MLLW and supplying the harbor with adequate turning basins and berthing areas. Offshore ocean disposal of the dredged sediment is being considered, provided there is no evident of harmful ecological effects. It harmful ecological effects are not evident then the appropriate certifications from state environmental quality agencies and concurrence from the Environmental Protection Agency can be obtained to allow disposal of sediment. To help provide the scientific basis for determining whether Oakland Harbor sediments are suitable for offshore disposal, the Battelle/Marine Sciences Laboratory (MSL) collected sediment cores from 23 stations in Inner and Outer Oakland Harbor, evaluated these sediment cores geologically, performed chemical analyses for selected contaminants in sediments, conducted a series of solid phase toxicity tests with four sensitive marine invertebrates and assessed the bioaccumulation potential of sediment-associated contaminants in the tissues of Macoma …

This paper describes actual experiences in designing system level test cases for a large on-line transaction system which keeps track of work orders and payroll for a complex of machine shops. These system tests were designed after the software had been written and the system was about to undergo user acceptance testing. It was an effort independent of the development, intended to improve the overall quality of the delivered system. Although accepted software engineering methods had been used extensively during the development, at the time of these system tests, up-to-date documentation was limited to the user manual. Knowledgeable persons were mostly unavailable, busy with completion of the system. Nevertheless, in this real world situation, the system test cases were needed in a timely fashion. After more conventional tests were designed and run yielding no bugs, a new approach was taken. This involved identifying a major section of the software as an object and then developing a state model for it based on the implementation and availability of certain process information in the database such as: track flags, status, and time stamps. A flow graph was derived from the state transition diagram. Application of basis path testing to a simplified version …

The influence of ion-implanted Y, Hf, Zr and Cr on the oxidation behavior of a Ni-25 wt % CR alloy at 1000{degrees}C has been investigated. The implantation dosage was 5 {times} 10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2}. Two methods of implantation have been used. One was to implant ions directly into a clean alloy surface; the other was to implant into an approximately 0.6 {mu}m thick Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer formed at 1000{degrees}C on the alloy. In neither case did the Cr implantation show any beneficial effects. Implantations of Y, Hf and Zr produced all the reactive element effects, i.e. reduction in oxidation rate, elimination of base metal oxide formation and improvement in scale adhesion, only if the ions were initially implanted in the alloy. When the ions were implanted in a preformed oxide, the subsequent oxidation process was altered to the same degree as before, but the scale adhesion was not affected. Implications of these results to the mechanism of the reactive element effect are discussed. 10 refs., 4 figs.

A nondestructive method to determine the atomic and molecular structures present in the organic (maceral) components of whole coal and coal products has been sought for many years. This program of research is designed to address that analytical need by applying advanced electron magnetic resonance techniques to the determination of coal molecular structure. Structural information has be obtained by using the naturally occurring unpaired electrons in coal as observation posts'' from which to survey neighboring atoms through the electron-nuclear hyperfine interaction. Such an overall approach has been termed ELECTRON SPIN MAPPING of coal structure. New techniques like 2-dimensional ENDOR and ESE spectroscopies and multifrequency EPR, including the world's first S-band ESE spectrometer and one of the first W-band instruments, which we have developed in our laboratory, were employed in the determination. The materials studied were well separated macerals obtained by density gradient centrifugation techniques from Illinois {number sign}6 coals, a well as whole Illinois {number sign}6, {number sign}5, and Argonne Premium Sample Coals. model compounds, chosen to represent molecular structures typical of those believed to exist in coal also were studied by the various electron magnetic resonance (EMR) methods. Utilizing the various EMR methods available in our laboratory, we studied …

The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) will be the first production facility in the United States for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste. Production of DWPF canistered wasteforms will begin prior to repository licensing, so decisions on facility startup will have to be made before the final decisions on repository design are made. The Department of Energy's Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (RW) has addressed this discrepancy by defining a Waste Acceptance Process. This process provides assurance that the borosilicate-glass wasteform, in a stainless-steel canister, produced by the DWPF will be acceptable for permanent storage in a federal repository. As part of this process, detailed technical specifications have been developed for the DWPF product. SRS has developed detailed strategies for demonstrating compliance with each of the Waste Acceptance Process specifications. An important part of the compliance is the testing which will be carried out in the DWPF. In this paper, the bases for each of the tests to be performed in the DWPF to establish compliance with the specifications are described, and the tests are detailed. The results of initial tests relating to characterization of sealed canisters are reported.

Path planning among movable obstacles is a practical problem that is in need of a solution. In this paper an efficient heuristic algorithm that uses a generate-and-test paradigm: a good'' candidate path is hypothesized by a global planner and subsequently verified by a local planner. In the process of formalizing the problem, we also present a technique for modeling object interactions through contact. Our algorithm has been tested on a variety of examples, and was able to generate solutions within 10 seconds. 5 figs., 27 refs.

Measurement of the local breeding rate in a large assembly of fusion blanket candidate materials, irradiated by a fusion neutron source, serves the dual purpose of blanket design support and, perhaps more importantly, calculational method and cross section library testing. In this report, we present technical details of a measurement scheme based on deployment of encapsulated lithium metal samples and subsequent thermal digestion of the samples in a metered carrier hydrogen stream, conversion to THO and LS-counting. A comparison of the scheme to other means of tritium production rate (TPR) measurement with respect to accuracy and other characteristics indicates that its potential accuracy exceeds that of wet-chemistry tritium extraction from lithium salt pellets or TLD deployment and is comparable to the best accuracy of lithium-glass traversing schemes. The sample fabrication and tritium extraction techniques that will be described evolved from well-tested equipment that was previously used in critical (fusion) reactor work and cross section measurements, but needed some modification to increase the throughput and thus allow processing the large number of samples required in blanket assay. The applicability of this scheme to measurements at arbitrarily high neutron flux and higher temperatures will be briefly commented on. 19 refs., 4 figs.

It has been known for some time that illumination of lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescent dosimeters, particularly with ultraviolet wavelengths, causes these dosimeters to emit thermoluminescence (TL), similar to that caused by exposure to radiation. However the effect of incandescent light on dosimeters is not well documented. In this study the growth, saturation and spectral dependence of this luminescence is studied for open dosimeter cards illuminated with room incandescent light, and for dosimeters inside their holders exposed to bright sunlight. The results confirm that illumination with room light does give rise to luminescence in unirradiated dosimeters. Light in the ultraviolet is an order of magnitude more efficient in producing this TL than is longer wave length (red) visible light. The illumination-induced TL saturates at intensities that correspond to TL produced by exposure of about 70 mR of {sup 137}Cs; thus illumination clearly can give rise to false radiation exposure reports. Moreover it was fund that the dosimeter holder allows enough light to enter so that exposure of dosimeters to bright sunlight will activate some of the chips of the dosimeter cards in a fashion identical to that of room light. The glow curves produced by light are broader than those produced …

This report summarizes the work performed under Department of Energy Contract AC21-87MC23270 during the period March 1, through May 30, 1990. The overall objective of this program is to define a competitive CG/MCFC power plant and the associated technology development requirements and to develop an improved cell configuration for molten carbonate fuel cells which has improved performance, has reduced cell creep and electrolyte management consistent with 40,000 hour projected life, reduces existing cell cost, and is adaptable to a range of power plant applications. The 8-ft{sup 2} 20-cell, 25-kW stack assembly and installation in the test facility were completed. Testing of the stack was started and 896 hours of test time were reached. Manifold seal development focused on a seal to reduce electrolyte transport and test rigs were initiated for shunt current and seal leakage evaluation. Development on sheet metal parts was initiated with focus on improved aluminization for separator plate corrosion protection and nickel clad stainless steel for the anode current collector. Development of porous parts was initiated with focus on an alternative binder for the electrodes. Design of a laboratory scale continuous debinding oven was completed. Development of an improved material blend for the matrix was also initiated. …

One of the most frequently heard terms in the computer industry these days is client-server.'' There is much misinformation available on the topic, and competitive pressures on software vendors have led to a great deal of hype with little in the way of supporting products. The purpose of this document is to explain what is meant by client-server applications, why the Advanced Technology and Architecture (ATA) section of the Information Resources Management (IRM) Department sees this emerging technology as key for computer applications during the next ten years, and what ATA sees as the existing standards and products available today. Because of the relative immaturity of existing client-server products, IRM is not yet guidelining any specific client-server products, except those that are components of guidelined data communications products or database management systems.

A vexing problem associated with detection of Schottky signals from a bunched beam is the presence of the coherent signal, which can be 10 or more orders of magnitude greater than the Schottky signal. To overcome this difficulty, we have constructed a Schottky detector for the Tevatron collider in the form of a high-Q ({approx}5000) resonant cavity which operates at roughly 2 GHz, well above the frequency at which the single-bunch frequency spectrum begins to roll off ({approx}200--300 MHz for the Tevatron). The detector is capable of sensing independently the vertical and horizontal particle motions. The 2 GHz Schottky signals are down-converted to frequencies below 100 kHz to permit relatively rapid high-resolution analysis using a FFT spectrum analyzer. The initial installation consists of a single cavity; a second detector will be built which employs a pair of phased cavities to permit discrimination between p's and {bar p}'s. Details of the design of both the cavity and the associated electronics are presented. Spectra obtained from the detector show clearly observable Schottky betatron lines, free of coherent contaminants; also seen are the common-mode'' longitudinal signals due to the offset of the beam from the detector center. The latter signals indicate that at …

We have fabricated thin-film YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}-SrTiO{sub 3}-YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} multilayer interconnect structures in which each in situ laser-deposited film is independently patterned by photolithography. In particular, we have constructed the two key components necessary for a superconducting multilayer interconnect technology, crossovers and window contacts. As a further demonstration of the technology, we have fabricated a thin-film flux transformer, suitable for use with a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID), that includes a ten-turn input coil with 6{mu}m linewidth. Transport measurements showed that the critical temperature was 87K and the critical current was 135 {mu}A at 82K. 7 refs., 6 figs.

This report contains a set of recommendations prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the US Bureau of the Census pertaining to technology innovation and management. Technology has the potential to benefit the Bureau's data collection, capture, processing, and analysis activities. The entire Bureau was represented from Decennial Census to Economic Programs and various levels of Bureau management and numerous experts in technology. Throughout the Bureau, workstations, minicomputers, and microcomputers have found their place along side the Bureau's mainframes. The Bureau's new computer file structure called the Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing data base (TIGER) represents a major innovation in geographic information systems and impressive progress has been made with Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). Other innovations, such as SPRING, which aims to provide Bureau demographic analysts with the capability of interactive data analysis on minicomputers, are in the initial stages of development. Recommendations fall into five independent, but mutually beneficial categories. (1) The ADP Steering Committee be disbanded and replaced with The Technology Forum. (2) Establishment of a Technology Review Committee (TRC), to be composed of technology experts from outside the Bureau. (3) Designate technological gurus. These individuals will be the Bureau's experts in new and innovative …

This report describes progress on research during the seventh quarter of this contract dealing with applications of coal pretreatment techniques in coal hydroliquefaction. The objectives of the project are to investigate various coal pretreatment techniques and to determine the effect of these pretreatment procedures on the reactivity of the coal. Reactivity enhancement will be evaluated under both direct hydroliquefaction and co-processing conditions. Coal conversion utilizing low rank coals and low severity conditions (reaction temperatures generally less than 350 {degrees}C) are the primary focus of the liquefaction experiments, as it is expected that the effect of pretreatment conditions and the attendant reactivity enhancement will be greatest for these coals at these conditions.

This document consolidates and organizes information available concerning in situ vitrification (ISV) melt behavior and confinement hood performance. This information is derived from reports of various scaled ISV tests conducted at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The objective of this document is twofold: (1) to serve as a central reference of information concerning the reported melt and confinement hood performance under various operating conditions and (2) to identify ISV melt and hood characteristics that require alteration or further investigation through either additional field tests or laboratory experiments. 16 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.