The US Department of Energy (DOE) and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) plan to initiate a cooperative research program on development of manufacturing processes for high-level radioactive waste containers. This joint program will benefit both countries in the development of processes for the fabrication, final closure in a hot-cell, and certification of the containers. Program activity objectives can be summarized as follows: to support the selection of suitable container fabrication, final closure, and inspection techniques for the candidate materials and container designs that are under development or are being considered in the US and Canadian repository programs; and to investigate these techniques for alternate materials and/or container designs, to be determined in future optimization studies relating to long-term performance of the waste packages. The program participants will carry out this work in a conditional phased approach, and the scope of work for subsequent years will evolve subject to developments in earlier years. The overall term of this cooperative program is planned to run roughly three years. 5 refs., 2 tabs.

A high-level nuclear waste repository has inherent technical uncertainty due to its first-of-a-kind nature and the unprecedented time over which it must function. Three possible technical modifications to the currently planned US high-level nuclear waste system are reviewed in this paper. These modifications would be facilitated by inclusion of a monitored retrievable storage (MRS) in the system. The modifications are (1) an underground MRS at Yucca Mountain, (2) a phased repository, and (3) a ``cold`` repository. These modifications are intended to enhance scientific confidence that a repository system would function satisfactorily despite technical uncertainty. 12 refs.

A review is presented of the new techniques which have been proposed for use in particle accelerators. Attention is focused upon those areas where significant progress has been made in the last two years--in particular, upon two-beam accelerators, wakefield accelerators, and plasma focusers.

The transverse resistive wall instability in the Two-Beam Accelerator (TBA) is investigated analytically and numerically. Without any damping mechanism, we find one to four e-folds in 100 m, depending on the design. It is found that Landau damping, due to energy spread within a beam slice, is not effective, due to rapid synchrotron oscillations in the FEL ponderomotive well. Damping due to an energy sweep along the beam is also considered and it is found that a small variation in energy along the beam, decreasing from head to tail, can significantly reduce growth. We conclude that the resistive wall instability is not a severe design constraint on a TBA.

The CEBAF injector has produced its first relativistic beam with two superconducting cavities.Six RF control modules are used to control amplitude and phase in the chopper cavities, the buncher, the capture section, and the two superconducting cavities.In this paper the required stability and actual performance of the modules are discussed.For the superconducting cavity control, performance is consistent with energy stability of ~ 10^-4.

Collisions between a weak electron bunch and a strong positron bunch are studied within a flat beam model. Electrons are tracked through the transverse space charge field of the positron bunch, and it is shown that positrons in a storage ring may remain stable after asymmetric collisions with a weak electron bunch in spite of large values of the electron disruption parameter. The plasma oscillations that effect collisions with large disruption parameters may be suppressed by properly matching the electrons.

An rf driven multicusp source capable of generating 1-ms H{sup -} beam pulses with a repetition rate as high as 150 Hz has been developed. This source can be operated with a filament or other types of starter. There is almost no lifetime limitation and a clean plasma can be maintained for a long period of operation. It is demonstrated that rf power as high as 25 kW could be coupled inductively to the plasma via a glass-coated copper-coil antenna. The extracted H{sup -} current density achieved is about 200 mA/cm{sup 2}.

A series of multifilamentary APC Nb-Ti superconductors have been made with Nb added as a normal second phase to provide flux pinning centers. Two compositions, 12.5% vol % and 25 vol % Nb in Nb-Ti, have fabricated into multifilamentary composites using two different fabrication methods. One method used hot isostatic compaction and hot extrusion thoughout the processing. The other method (bundle-and-draw process) discontinued all hot processing at an intermediate level. While the J{sub c} values of the bundle-and-draw wires are quite promising, the critical current of the extruded wires appears to be limited by poor uniformity of the filament cross-sectional area along the conductor length. The large values of the index of the resistive transition and small filament standard-deviation-to-average area ratios observed in the wires produced by the bundle-and-draw process suggest extrinsic factors have little effect on J{sub c}. The variation in J{sub c} as the wire diameter is reduced appears to be most strongly affected by intrinsic factors: Nb distribution and pinning strength. The final filament microstructure and Nb spacing are shown to be difficult to calculate, e.g., the mean Nb spacing near the final wire size may be {1/2} to 1/3 that of the calculated value. 5 refs., …

LBL is developing a multi-beam injector that will be used for scaled accelerator experiments related to Heavy Ion Fusion. The device will produce sixteen 0.5 Amp beams of C+ at 2 MeV energy. The carbon arc source has been developed to the point where the emittance is within a factor of four of the design target. Modelling of the source behavior to find ways to reduce the emittance is discussed. Source lifetime and reliability is also of paramount importance to us and data regarding the lifetime and failure modes of different source configurations is discussed. One half of the accelerating column has been constructed and tested at high voltage. One beam experiments in this half column are underway. The second half of the column is being built and the transition 2 MV experiments should begin soon. In addition to beam and source performance we also discuss the controls for the injector and the electronics associated with the source and current injection. 3 refs., 2 figs.

The TMI-2 Vessel Investigation Project (VIP) Metallurgical Program is a part of the international TMI-2 Vessel Investigation Project being conducting jointly by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The overall project consists of three phases, namely (1) recovery of material samples from the lower head of the TMI-2 reactor, (2) examination and analysis of the lower head samples and the preparation and testing of archive material subjected to a similar thermal history, and (3) procurement, examination, and analysis of companion core material located adjacent to or near the lower head material. The specific objectives of the ANL Metallurgical Program, which comprises a major portion of Phase 2, are to prepare metallographic and mechanical test specimen blanks from the TMI-2 lower head material, prepare similar test specimen blanks from suitable archive material subjected to the appropriate thermal processing, determine the mechanical properties of the lower vessel head and archive materials under the conditions of the core-melt accident, and assess the lower head integrity and margin-to-failure during the accident. The ANL work consists of three tasks: (1) archive materials program, (2) fabrication of metallurgical and mechanical test specimens from the TMI-2 pressure vessel samples, …

The higher order mode attenuation scheme proposed for the Advanced Light Source accelerating cavities consists of two broad-band dampers placed 90{degrees} apart on the outer edge. In order to assess the damping efficiency a test assembly was built. The HOM damping was obtained by comparing the peak values of the transmission through the cavity for both the damped and the undamped case. Because of the high number of modes and frequency shifts due to the damping gear, the damping was assessed statistically, by averaging over several modes. In the frequency range from 1.5 to 5.5 GHz, average damping greater than 100 was obtained. 1 ref., 6 figs.

Radioactive wastes are generated at many DOE laboratories, military facilities, fuel fabrication and enrichment plants, reactors, hospitals, and university research facilities. At all of these sites, wastes must be separated, packaged, categorized, and packed into some sort of container--usually 208-L (55-gal) drums--for shipment to waste-storage sites. Prior to shipment, the containers must be labeled, assayed, and certified; the assay value determines the ultimate disposition of the waste containers. An accurate nondestructive assay (NDA) method would identify all the radioisotopes present and provide a quantitative measurement of their activity in the drum. In this way, waste containers could be routed in the most cost-effective manner and without having to reopen them. Currently, the most common gamma-ray method used to assay nuclear waste drums is segmented gamma-ray scanning (SGS) spectrometer that crudely measures only the amount of {sup 235}U or {sup 239}Pu present in the drum. This method uses a spatially-averaged, integrated, emitted gamma-ray-intensity value. The emitted intensity value is corrected by an assumed constant-attenuation value determined by a spatially-averaged, transmission (or active) measurement. Unfortunately, this typically results in an inaccurate determination of the radioactive activities within a waste drum because this measurement technique is valid only for homogeneous-attenuation or known drum …

In 1987 the Department of Energy-Office of Special Applications (DOE-OSA) decided to transfer the iridium alloy Clad Vent Set (CVS) manufacturing for the General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) program from EG G Mound Applied Technologies, Inc. (EG G-MAT) to the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Energy Systems). The reason for this transfer was to consolidate the GPHS program iridium hardware manufacturing. The CVS starting stock of iridium powder, foil, and blanks were already being manufactured at another Energy Systems facility - the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Since 1987 CVS manufacturing technology transfer efforts have taken place between EG G-MAT and Energy Systems. EG G-MAT retained all of their tooling, but they supplied all the necessary product drawings, specifications, and procedures, as well as their tooling drawings. Most of the tooling designs and processing steps were duplicated at the Y-12 Plant. Minor changes were required in both tooling design and processing steps, to accommodate particular health, safety, environmental, and manufacturing requirements at the Y-12 Plant. In order to evaluate the effects of the key Y-12 Plant processing modifications, four joint Y-12 Plant/EG G-MAT iridium CVS manufacturing qualification studies were organized. The successful completion of …

The lattice of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) 1--1.9 GeV electron storage ring was reexamined, introducing an additional family of focusing quadrupoles and looking for a working point with larger dynamic aperture. In the first part of this study, the ideal lattice was investigated to confirm the anticipated behavior, and indeed conditions with increased dynamic aperture were found. In the second part, realistic magnet errors and an undulator in one of the straight sections were taken into account. Under these conditions the dynamic aperture could not be significantly improved over the nominal configuration. Further studies included investigation of the Touschek momentum acceptance of the lattice. In this case too, no net benefit was obtained from the additional quadrupoles. 6 refs., 5 figs. , 2 tabs.

An infrared free electron laser (IRFEL) is being designed for the Chemical Dynamics Research Laboratory (CDRL) at LBL. The FEL is based on a 50 MeV RF linac operating in synchronization to the Advanced Light Source (ALS), and will produce intense (100 {mu}J per micropulse), narrow bandwidth (narrower than 0.1%) radiation between 3 {mu} and 50 {mu}. In the design, we pay particular attention to the FEL stability issues and require that the fluctuations in electron beam energy and in timing be less than 0.05% and 0.1 ps, respectively. The FEL spectrum can then be stabilized to about 10{sup {minus}3}, or if grating is used, to 10{sup {minus}4}. We discuss various sources of fluctuations in the gun, the bunchers and the accelerator sections, as well as the feedback and feedforward schemes to reduce these fluctuations. The accelerator structure is chosen to be of the side coupled, standing wave type for easier control. The beam transport is made isochronous to avoid the coupling between the energy and the timing fluctuations. 9 refs., 2 figs.

In the numerical simulation of plasma phenomena there are two fundamental approaches that are generally followed. In the continuum approach one models the evolution of the fluid moment equations derived from the appropriate Boltzmann equation of the plasma. Alternatively, in the particle approach a large group of simulated charged particles are moved according to the self-consistent electromagnetic fields which partly depend on the charge and current densities of these same particles. Although the particle simulation method has been traditionally the more expensive of the two, it is much more capable of giving adequate account of many important kinetic phenomena. With the advent of the vector multiprocessor supercomputers, such as the Cray-2 or Cray Y-MP, we have learned to adapt particle simulation codes to exploit the parallel features of these machines. Yet, in spite of such developments, the particle simulation codes have remained much slower than the maximum machine speeds. We have investigated new techniques that further optimize these methods to bring the speeds of these particle simulations into the gigaflop range. Recent progress in this area suggests that the use of particle simulation methods will become competitive with the alternative fluid models especially when it is realized that gigaflop performance …

Dispersion strengthened copper alloys have shown promise for certain high heat flux applications in both near term and long term fusion devices. This study examines mechanical properties changes and microstructural evolution in several oxide dispersion strengthened alloys which were subjected to high levels of irradiation-induced displacement damage. Irradiations were carried out in FFTF to 34 and 50 dpa at 411--414{degree}C and 32 dpa at 529{degree}C. The alloys include several oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys based on the Cu-Al system, as well as ones based on the Cu-Cr and Cu-Hf systems. Of this group, certain of the Cu-Al alloys, those produced by an internal oxidation technique to contain alumina weight fractions of 0.15 to 0.25% outperformed the other alloys in all respects. These alloys, designated CuAl15, CuAl20, and CuAl25, were found to be resistant to void swelling up to 50 dpa at 414{degree}C, and to retain their superior mechanical and physical properties after extended irradiation. The major factor which controls the stability during irradiation was found to be the dispersoid volume fraction and distribution. The other alloys examined were less resistant to radiation-induced properties changes for a variety of reasons. Some of these include dispersoid redistribution by ballistic resolution, effects of retained dissolved …

The quantum efficiency and the optical damage threshold of various metals were explored with 10 ps, 266 nm, UV laser pulses. Efficiencies for Cu, Y, and Sm were: 1.4, 5, and 7 {times} 10{sup {minus}4}, with damage thresholds about 100, 10, and 30 mJ/cm{sup 2}. This would permit over 1 {mu}C/cm{sup 2} or current densities exceeding 100 kA/cm{sup 2}. High charge and current densities of up to 66 kA/cm{sup 2} were obtained on 0.25 mm diam cathodes, and 21 kA/cm{sup 2} on a 3 mm diam yttrium cathode. The maximum currents were limited by space charge and the dc field. The experiments with small area illumination indicate that the emitted electrons spread transversely due to Coulomb repulsion and their initial transverse velocity. This increases the effective area above the cathode, reduces the space charge effect and increases emission density on the cathode. The quantum efficiency can be increased substantially by enhancing the field on the surface by either a suitable electrode geometry or microstructures on it. 14 refs., 12 figs., 3 tabs.

This paper will outline the scope of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), underground works and present the current accelerator layout. After a brief overview of the site geotechnical characteristics, emphasis will be placed upon the possibilities for the incorporation of mechanical excavation technology into the construction of the various underground structures. 5 figs.

This paper summarizes a study that was conducted to address user information requirements for the Force Level Control System. It was the first in a series being conducted at the US Army Tactical Command and Control System Experimentation Site (AES). User information requirements were determined via monitoring and classification of communications during a command and control exercise, as well as through subsequent exercise participant input. Separate measures of observed communication frequency, rated importance, and rated perishability were obtained for a set of information elements that comprised a comprehensive taxonomy of tactical command and control communications content. Analyses were then conducted to explore the relationships between frequency, importance, and perishability as well as develop a comprehensive index of criticality. The resulting comprehensive index of criticality is intended to be used by systems developers in selecting the information to be conveyed and processed by the Force Level Control System. 2 refs., 2 figs.

This paper describes the theory and experiments used to measure a new type of finite beam pulse, the localized wave pulse. The LW pulse is a linear superposition of Gaussian-like basis functions which are constructed from the focus wave modes of Brittingham by means of the modified power spectrum. Experiments to data have made use of three techniques. Synthetic array experiments using acousto-optic measurements were first undertaken to see if the localized wave pulses could be launched by normal acoustic devices. Next, synthetic array two transducer measurements were done to see if the beam generated would outperform a conventional continuous wave or pulsed array with both Gaussian shading and no shading. Finally, real array experiments were performed to see if the beam could be launched with actual acoustic arrays and still perform as well as in the synthetic array measurements. In all cases, the LW pulse has outperformed comparable beams by a wide margin. The theory will be outlined and the methods of measurement sketched. Finally, comparison of beams produced by driving the array with different inputs will be presented. 3 refs., 3 figs.

A Task Group of the ICRP is currently reviewing its dosimetric model for the respiratory tract with the aim of producing a more comprehensive and realistic model which can be used both for dosimetry and bioassay purposes. This in turn requires deposition, clearance, and dosimetry to be treated in a more detailed manner in than in the current model. In order to examine the practical application and radiological implications of the proposed model, a microcomputer program has been developed in a modular form so that changes can be easily included as the model develops. LUDEP (Lung Dose Evaluation Program) is a user-friendly menu-driven program which can be operated on any IBM-compatible PC. It enables the user to calculate (a) doses to each region of the respiratory tract and all other body organs, and (b) excretion rates and retention curves for bioassay purposes. 11 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs.

The anisotropic properties which exist in all high-{Tc} compounds make it necessary to characterize the preferred orientation (or texture) of crystals which results from various processing methods. Once a suitable preferred orientation is achieved, a significant increase in performance is anticipated. In this study, thick films ({approximately}80 {mu}m) of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) on silver substrates were characterized by pole figure techniques to obtain an Orientation Distribution Function (ODF). 6 refs., 5 figs.

The site for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) facility was selected in 1988 after a nationwide proposal competition. The selected site is located in Ellis County, Texas, surrounding the town of Waxahachie which is about 30 miles (48 km) south of the City of Dallas central business district. This paper will describe the geotechnical conditions anticipated for excavation at the SSC site. A general geologic and geomechanical description of the rock present will be followed by a summary of the site-specific conceptual design for the tunneled components of the SSC machine. The Supercollider project will include about 70 miles (113) km of tunnel excavation.