The viewgraphs on the following pages comprise a presentation to the L{sub 3}/L{asterisk} collaboration as a basis for Livermore's participation. First we give an overview of the Laboratory mission, budget, and staff. Next, some illustrative examples of laser fusion, laser isotope, and beam research/magnetic fusion are shown. Finally, we show a few cases of current research that is relevant to high energy physics.

Powerful and quite general arguments suggest that N = 1 supergravity, and in particular the superstring-inspired no-scale models, may describe the physics of the four-dimensional vacuum at energy densities below the Planck scale. These models are not renormalizable, since they arise as effective theories after the large masses have been integrated out of the fundamental theory; thus, they have divergences in their loop amplitudes that must be regulated by imposing a cutoff. Before physics at experimental energies can be extracted from these models, the true vacuum state or states must be identified: at tree level, the ground states of the effective theories are highly degenerate. Radiative corrections at the one-loop level have been shown to break the degeneracy sufficiently to identify the states of vanishing vacuum energy. As the concluding step in a program to calculate these corrections within a self-consistent cutoff prescription, all fermionic one-loop divergent corrections to the scalar effective potential are evaluated. (The corresponding bosonic contributions have been found elsewhere.) The total effective scalar Lagrange density for N = 1 supergravity is written down, and comments are made about cancellations between the fermionic and bosonic loops. Finally, the result is specialized to a toy no-scale model with …

The radiosity method is introduced to plant canopy reflectance modeling. We review the physics principles of the radiosity method which originates in thermal radiative transfer analyses when hot and cold surfaces are considered within a given enclosure. The radiosity equation, which is an energy balance equation for discrete surfaces, is described and contrasted with the radiative transfer equation, which is a volumetric energy balance equation. Comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the radiosity method and the radiative transfer method, we conclude that both methods are complementary to each other. Results of sample calculations are given for canopy models with up to 20,000 discrete leaves. 16 refs.

The generation of higher multipoles due to the magnetization of the superconductor in the dipoles of the SSC is a problem during injection of the beam into the machine. The use of passive superconductor was proposed some years ago to correct the magnetization sextupole in the dipole magnet. This paper presents the LBL test results in which the magnetization sextupole was greatly reduced in two one-meter long dipole magnets by the use of passive superconductor mounted on the magnet bore tube. The magnetization sextupole was reduced a factor of five on one magnet and a factor of eight on the other magnet using this technique. Magnetization decapole was also reduced by the passive superconductor. The passive superconductor method of correction also reduced the temperature dependence of the magnetization multipoles. In addition, the drift in the magnetization sextupole due to flux creep was also reduced. Passive superconductor correction appears to be a promising method of correcting out the effects of superconductor magnetization in SSC dipoles and quadrupoles. 10 refs., 6 figs.

This report contains the design notes of a 2 MJoules 10,000A, 1000V, dump resistor, with taps from 25 mOhms to 300 mOhms maximum. The resistor is forced air-cooled and can handle continuously one 2 MJ dump every 5 minutes at all taps. The resistor is made from 304 stainless steel bars and is mounted in a 90 in.H {times} 24 in.W {times} 20 in.D steel enclosure, with easy access to taps. The upper resistance sections are made lighter to save material cost and weight. The total weight of the resistance element is 427 lbs. The resistor is used to absorb the stored energy from cryogenic magnets during tests at the magnet test facility. Interlocks are provided for remote tap readout, dc over current and over temperature. A build-in current sensor and timing relay switch forced air-cooling on for 5 minutes, after a dump. 12 figs., 3 tabs.

During its nine day existence, Hurricane Hugo tracked thousands of miles, caused millions of dollars in property damage, and took many lives. Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, the Virgin Islands, and South Carolina took the brunt of the storm. The staff of meteorologists of the Environmental Technology Section (ETS) provided briefings and forecasts to assist Savannah River Site management in developing appropriate site-wide protective action plans. Loops'' created from infrared satellite imagery provided the most useful forecasting tool. Single-site, composite radar imagery and wind measurements from the nine 200 m towers provided real-time monitoring of the effects of Hugo at SRS. A peak wind gust of 64.9 mph and up to 5.05 inches of precipitation were recorded at SRS. An assessment of the potential for wind damage to selected SRS facilities, had Hugo passed over SRS, showed that little structural damage would have occurred with proper pre-storm preparation.

Brief discussions are given of the work that has been done on the suppression of the slow component in BaF{sub 2}, the developments in the understanding of undoped CsI, and the properties of the new scintillator CeF{sub 3}. The properties of the Cherenkov radiator PbF{sub 2} along with test beam results are presented. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that, with the addition of a small amount of scintillator, PbF{sub 2}, can be made hadron compensating off-line so that the resolution of a compensating hadron calorimeter will not be degraded by its presence. 14 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.

New results from the CERN and Fermilab proton-antiproton colliders are summarised. The areas covered are jet physics, direct photon production, W and Z production and decay, heavy flavor production, the search for the top quark, and the search for more exotic phenomena. 46 refs., 20 figs., 4 tabs.

This quarterly report describes a quantitative correlation between the flow behavior index of a micronized coal slurry and the interparticular van der Waals attraction force as measured by the Hamaker constant. Preliminary results on the effects of interparticular electrostatic repulsion and the liquid viscosity on both the flow behavior and the relative viscosity are also presented.

Hydrologic impacts of corrosive gas release from a hypothetical L/ILW nuclear waste repository at Oberbauenstock are explored by means of numerical simulation. A schematic two dimensional vertical section through the mountain is modeled with the simulator TOUGH, which describes two-phase flow of water and gas in porous and fractured media. Two reference cases are considered which represent the formations as a porous and as a fractured-porous (dual permeability) medium, respectively. Both cases predict similar and rather modest pressure increases, from ambient 10 bars to near 25 bars at the repository level. These results are to be considered preliminary because important parameters affecting two-phase flow, such as relative permeabilities of a fractured medium, are not well known at present. 24 refs., 15 figs., 5 tabs.

In these lectures, I will review the theoretical concepts needed to understand the goals and implications of experiments in this new era of weak interactions. I will explain how to compute the most important order-{alpha} radiative corrections to weak interaction processes and discuss the physical implications of these correction terms. I hope that this discussion will be useful to those --- experimentalists and theorists --- who will try to interpret the new data that we will soon receive. This paper is organized as follows: I will review the structure of the standard weak interaction model at zeroth order. I will discuss the measurement of the Z{sup 0} boson mass in e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} annihilation. This measurement is affected by radiative correction to the form of the Z{sup 0} resonance, and so I will review the theory of the resonance line shape. I will briefly review the modifications of the properties of the Z{sup 0} which would be produced by additional neutral gauge bosons. I will review the theory of the renormalization of weak interaction parameters such as sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub {omega}}, concentrating especially on the contributions of the top quark and other heavy, undiscovered particles.

Work reported this quarter (1) continues the study of organic sulfur species in coal with Very High Frequency (VHF) EPR spectroscopy and (2) includes some pulsed EPR work on coals carried out with the S-band ESE spectrometer. A detailed VHF study of one coal from the Illinois Coal Sample Bank is reported, including spectra from separated macerals and solvent extracted coal. Further refinements in the two-species model for interpreting these spectra are presented. It is increasingly apparent that while the organic sulfur species seen by VHF EPR in coal may be thiophenic, they do not have spectra that directly implicate either thiophene or dibenzothiophene as unique molecular forms. The emerging picture seems to indicate a thiophenic sulfur species in which the unpaired electron is delocalized over a more extensive aromatic cluster. VHF EPR may be quite specific for aromatic organic sulfur. Spectra from eight coals in the Argonne Premium Sample program also have been studied by VHF EPR, and analysis is now under way to determine how well the two-species model accounts for the general features of these spectra. Pulsed electron spin resonance has been performed on the Argonne coals in order to determine their electron phase memory times (T{sub …

WES is an expert system designed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for interpreting well test data. The results of WES's analyses of two geothermal well tests are compared to those calculated using traditional methods. WES is well suited for analyzing well tests in geothermal systems because it is robust enough to carry out analyses of data sets that are noisy or incomplete. It also has a broad knowledge base that recognizes most of the hydrogeologic characteristics observed in geothermal systems, such as double- porosity, fractures, and leaky or sealed boundaries. Application of expert systems for analyzing geothermal well tests has several advantages, including: providing clear documentation of the procedures used in the analysis; providing on-site expertise to guide the testing program; providing a greater knowledge base than a single expert may have; and, greatly decreasing the time required for these analyses. Over the next decade expert systems will become an integral part of resource definition and development programs. This paper provides just one example of how expert systems can be used. 25 refs., 16 figs., 3 tabs.

This study investigates the use of molten nitrate salt thermal energy storage in an integrated gasification combined-cycle power plant allowing the facility to economically provide peak- and intermediate-load electric power. The results of the study show that an integrated gasification combined-cycle power plant with thermal energy storage can reduce the cost of coal-fired peak- or intermediate-load electric power by between 5% and 20% depending on the plants operating schedule. The use of direct-contact salt heating can further improve the economic attractiveness of the concept. 11 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.

Quiet, clean, and efficient, electric vehicles (EVs) may someday become a practical mode of transportation for the general public. Electric vehicles can provide many advantages for the nation's environment and energy supply because they run on electricity, which can be produced from many sources of energy such as coal, natural gas, uranium, and hydropower. These vehicles offer fuel versatility to the transportation sector, which depends almost solely on oil for its energy needs. Electric vehicles are any mode of transportation operated by a motor that receives electricity from a battery or fuel cell. EVs come in all shapes and sizes and may be used for different tasks. Some EVs are small and simple, such as golf carts and electric wheel chairs. Others are larger and more complex, such as automobile and vans. Some EVs, such as fork lifts, are used in industries. In this fact sheet, we will discuss mostly automobiles and vans. There are also variations on electric vehicles, such as hybrid vehicles and solar-powered vehicles. Hybrid vehicles use electricity as their primary source of energy, however, they also use a backup source of energy, such as gasoline, methanol or ethanol. Solar-powered vehicles are electric vehicles that use photovoltaic …

The Plutonium Experimental Facility (PEF) will be used to develop a new fuel pellet fabrication process and to evaluate equipment upgrades. The facility was used from 1978 until 1982 to optimize the parameters for fuel pellet production using a process which was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The PEF was shutdown and essentially abandoned until mid-1987 when the facility renovations were initiated by the Actinide Technology Section (ATS) of SRL. A major portion of the renovation work was related to the restart of the hot press system. This report describes the renovations and modifications which were required to restart the PEF hot press. The primary purpose of documenting this work is to help provide a basis for Separations to determine the best method of renovating the hot press in the Plutonium Fuel Fabrication (PuFF) facility. This report also includes several SRL recommendations concerning the renovation and modification of the PuFF hot press. 4 refs.

Over a two and one-half year period beginning in 1981, representatives of six countries (United States, United Kingdom, Federal Republic of Germany, Australia, The Netherlands, and Japan) and the inspectorate organizations of the International Atomic Energy Agency and EURATOM developed and agreed to a technically sound approach for verifying the absence of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in gas centrifuge enrichment plants. This effort, known as the Hexapartite Safeguards Project (HSP), led to the first international concensus on techniques and requirements for effective verification of the absence of weapons-grade nuclear materials production. Since that agreement, research and development has continued on the radiation detection technology-based technique that technically confirms the HSP goal is achievable. However, the realities of achieving the HSP goal of effective technical verification have not yet been fully attained. Issues such as design and operating conditions unique to each gas centrifuge plant, concern about the potential for sensitive technology disclosures, and on-site support requirements have hindered full implementation and operator support of the HSP agreement. In future arms control treaties that may limit or monitor fissile material production, the negotiators must recognize and account for the realities and practicalities in verifying the absence of HEU production. This paper …

Present legislation effectively bans the export of crude oil produced in the United States. The ban has been in effect for years and is particularly stringent with respect to crude oil produced in Alaska, particularly on the North Slope. The Alaska crude export ban is specifically provided for in the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act of 1973 and in other legislation. It was imposed for two reasons. The first was to reduce US dependence on imported crude oil. The Arab oil embargo had been imposed shortly before the Act was passed and a greater measure of energy independence was considered imperative at that time. The second reason was to assure that funds expended in building an Alaskan pipeline would benefit domestic users rather than simply employed to facilitate shipments to other countries. The main objective of this report is to estimate the potential impacts on crude oil prices that would result from lifting the export ban Alaskan crude oil. The report focuses on the Japanese market and the US West Coast market. Japan is the principal potential export market for Alaskan crude oil. Exports to that market would also affect the price of Alaskan crude oil as well as crude oil …

Third order hyperpolarizabilities were calculated using the Huckel Hamiltonian and third order perturbation theory for a series of phosphonitrilic compounds, (X{sub 2}P-N){sub n}, as a function of bond length alternation, ligand substitution and backbone conformation. Phosphonitrilic compounds show hyperpolarizabilities comparable to those reported for organic species, and are modulated by ligand group electronegativity. In contrast to organic polyenes, the difference in {pi} orbital energy between phosphorus and nitrogen is critical to determining the onset of saturation and the magnitude of the hyperpolarizability. Conformation effects are smaller than those seen in polyenes. 15 refs., 5 figs.

This fire sciences report from LLNL includes topics on: fire spread in trailer complexes, properties of welding blankets, validation of sprinkler systems, fire and smoke detectors, fire modeling, and other fire engineering and safety issues. (JEF)

This report is one of a series of eight prepared by E.R. Johnson Associates, Inc. (JAI) under ORNL's contract with DOE's OCRWM Systems Integration Program and in support of the Annual Capacity Report (ACR) Issue Resolution Process. The report topics relate specifically to the list of high priority technical waste acceptance issues developed jointly by DOE and a utility-working group. JAI performed various analyses and studies on each topic to serve as starting points for further discussion and analysis leading eventually to finalizing the process by which DOE will accept spent fuel and waste into its waste management system. The eight reports are concerned with the conditions under which spent fuel and high level waste will be accepted in the following categories: (1) failed fuel; (2) consolidated fuel and associated structural parts; (3) non-fuel-assembly hardware; (4) fuel in metal storage casks; (5) fuel in multi-element sealed canisters; (6) inspection and testing requirements for wastes; (7) canister criteria; (8) spent fuel selection for delivery; and (9) defense and commercial high-level waste packages. 14 refs., 27 figs.

The nutritional quality of feed plays an important role in determining the health and fitness'' of smolts. Commercial fish meal, the major source of protein in salmon rations, may be reduced in quality from poor drying techniques during manufacture. Dietary stress in the hatchery may result. This investigation test the hypothesis that protein quality of fish rations can influence the survival of smolts and the ultimate return of adults. The test involves a comparison between performances of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) reared on rations containing very high quality protein derived from vacuum dried meals and those of fish reared on commercial rations, with commercial fish meal as a source of protein. Survival and return of several brood years of test and control fish are used to measure the influence of ration on survival. Rearing and release of tagged fish to date include 1982, 1983, 1984 and 1985 broods of coho salmon (Sandy stock); the 1983 and 1984 broods of fall chinook (tule stock) salmon; and the 1985 and 1986 broods of fall chinook (upriver bright stock) salmon. This report includes recovery data from these marked fish collected through September 1989. 2 tabs.

The Southern States' Routing Agency Report is a compendium of 16-southern states' routing program for the transportation of high-level radioactive materials. The report identifies the state-designated routing agencies as defined under 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 171 and provides a reference to the source and scope of the agencies' rulemaking authority. Additionally, the state agency and contact designated by the state's governor to receive advance notification and shipment routing information under 10 CFR Parts 71 and 73 are also listed.

The Bonneville Power Administration, the United States Bureau of Reclamation, and the Washington State Department of Ecology are funding the construction and evaluation of fish passage and protection facilities at irrigation and hydroelectric diversions in the Yakima River Basin, Washington State. The programs provide offsite enhancement to compensate for fish and wildlife losses caused by hydroelectric development throughout the Columbia River Basin and address natural propagation of salmon to help mitigate the impact of irrigation in the Yakima River Basin. The Wapato, Sunnyside, and Toppenish Creek Screens are three of the facilities in the basin. This report evaluates the effectiveness of the screens in intercepting and returning juvenile salmonids unharmed to the river from which they were diverted. We evaluated the effectiveness of new screening facilities at the Toppenish Creek, Wapato, and Sunnyside canals in southcentral Washington State. Screen integrity tests indicated that fish released in front of the screens were prevented from entering the canal behind the screens. We conducted descaling tests at the Toppenish Creek Screens. We measured the time required for fish to move through the screen facilities. Methods used in 1988 were the same as those used at Sunnyside in 1985 and in subsequent years at …