Methods of preparation of the copper, cobalt, and titanium catalysts were outlined. The catalyst samples were then analyzed through nuclear magnetic and nuclear quadrupole resonance.

Vapor-liquid counterflow in porous media arises in processes such as heat pipes, oil recovery and geothermal systems. Previous studies analysed these phenomena in separate contexts. This paper presents a unified description from which previous models result as limiting cases. The analysis includes capillarity, heat conduction, and Kelvin effects. The importance of each term to various processes is examined. Significantly, it is found that the critical heat flux is not constant but increases with decreasing permeability. A threshold permeability is identified below which steady states may not exist. Analogous conclusions are reached regarding liquid-dominated geothermal systems. 24 refs., 15 figs.

Control of the radial alpha particle transport by using Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency waves is investigated in a large-aspect-ratio tokamak geometry. It is shown that spatially inhomogeneous ICRF-wave energy with properly selected frequencies and wave numbers can induce fast convective transport of alpha particles at the speed of order {upsilon}{sub alpha} {approximately} (P{sub RF}/n{sub {alpha}}{epsilon}{sub 0}) {rho}{sub p}, where P{sub RF} is the ICRF-wave power density, n{sub {alpha}} is the alpha density, {epsilon}{sub 0} is the alpha birth energy, and {rho}{sub p} is the poloidal gyroradius of alpha particles at the birth energy. Application to ITER plasmas is studied and possible antenna designs to control alpha particle flux are discussed. 8 refs., 3 figs.

Measurements leading to the calculation of the ideal-gas thermodynamic properties for 2-methylaniline and trans-(R,S)-decahydroquinoline are reported. Experimental methods included combustion calorimetry, adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston gauge manometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (dsc). Entropies, enthalpies, and Gibbs energies of formation were derived for the ideal gas at selected temperatures for both compounds. Critical properties were determined for 2-methylaniline with the dsc. Measured combustion enthalpies, vapor pressures, critical properties, and ideal-gas entropies were compared with estimated and experimental literature values. 59 refs., 7 figs., 15 tabs.

It is shown that ICRF waves can induce fast convective radial transport of energetic ions in a tokamak geometry without affecting the background ion transport. Spatially inhomogeneous ICRF waves with directional parallel wave vectors are needed; otherwise, a net parallel flow of the energetic ions has to be present. 8 refs.

Supershot profiles were used to simulate plasmas in a neutral-beam driven tokamak reactor designed to achieve fusion energy production with Q {approx} 2-3. Profiles from a TFTR supershot were scaled to larger radii, density, and electron temperature. The TRANSP code was used to calculate performance of these plasmas. Examples are given of steady-state plasmas with large beam-driven bootstrap currents. The required energy transport rate is comparable to that in TFTR, but the particle transport rate must be less. The PEST code indicates that the plasmas would be MHD stable if the central q{sub {Psi}} can be controlled. 8 refs., 13 figs., 4 tabs.

The primary objective of this work is the development of a comprehensive numerical model describing the time evolution of fouling under realistic heat exchanger conditions. As fouling is a complex interaction of gas flow, mineral transport and adhesion mechanisms, understanding and subsequently improved controlling of fouling achieved via appropriate manipulation of the various coupled, nonlinear processes in a complex fluid mechanics environment will undoubtedly help reduce the substantial operating costs incurred by the utilities annually, as well as afford greater flexibility in coal selection and reduce the emission of various pollutants. In a more specialized context the numerical model to be developed as part of this activity will be used as a tool to address the interaction of the various mechanisms controlling deposit development in specific regimes or correlative relationships. These should prove of direct use to the coal burning industry.

The objective of this research project was to demonstrate a technically feasible and economically viable process for drying and stabilizing high-moisture subbituminous coal. Controlled thermal drying of coal fines was achieved using the inclined fluidized-bed drying and stabilization process developed by the Western Research Institute. The project scope of work required completion of five tasks: (1) project planning, (2) characterization of two feed coals, (3) bench-scale inclined fluidized-bed drying studies, (4) product characterization and testing, and (5) technical and economic evaluation of the process. High moisture subbituminous coals from AMAX Eagle Butte mine located in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and from Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc. in Healy, Alaska were tested in a 10-lb/hr bench-scale inclined fluidized-bed. Experimental results show that the dried coal contains less than 1.5% moisture and has a heating value over 11,500 Btu/lb. The coal fines entrainment can be kept below 15 wt % of the feed. The equilibrium moisture of dried coal was less than 50% of feed coal equilibrium moisture. 7 refs., 60 figs., 47 tabs.

This concerns the transmittal of the Complete Quick Plot Set for Test 867{underscore}13, 90% OSV Power Best Estimate LOCA at 80 F, SRP-1,038. Attached for your information is the subject plot set containing data plots for the complete test spanning from about {minus}330 to 70 seconds, time scale enhancements at {minus}1 to 5 seconds, and a few custom plots. Unlike the previous tests, the power supply safety trips were returned to their non-recovery'' values with a 30% post-LOCA nominal flow reduction trip and 400 F metal temperature trips on the HP oscillograph and METRAscope. A couple of observations are noted comparing this test to its predecessor, Test 867{underscore}08.

The process chemistry of the flash pyrolysis of biomass (wood) with the reactive gases, H{sub 2} and CH{sub 4} and with the non-reactive gases He and N{sub 2} is being determined in a 1 in. downflow tubular reactor at pressures from 20 to 1000 psi and temperatures from 600 to 1000{degrees}C. With hydrogen, flash hydropyrolysis leads to high yields of methane and CO which can be used for SNG and methanol fuel production. With methane, flash methanolysis leads to high yields of ethylene, benzene and CO which can be used for the production of valuable chemical feedstocks and methanol transportation fuel. At reactor conditions of 50 psi and 1000{degrees}C and approximately 1 sec residence time, the yields based on pine wood carbon conversion are up to 25% for ethylene, 25% for benzene, and 45% for CO, indicating that over 90% of the carbon in pine is converted to valuable products. Pine wood produces higher yields of hydrocarbon products than Douglas fir wood; the yield of ethylene is 2.3 times higher with methane than with helium or nitrogen, and for pine, the ratio is 7.5 times higher. The mechanism appears to be a free radical reaction between CH{sub 4} and the …

The program objective is to demonstrate efficient removal of fine particulates to sufficiently low levels to meet proposed small scale coal combustor emission standards. This is to be accomplished using a novel particulate removal device, the Confined Vortex Scrubber. This is the first quarterly technical progress report under this contract. Accordingly, a summary of the cleanup concept and the structure of the program is given here.

Mechanisms governing the inter-conversion and destruction of nitrogenous species in the fuel rich reburning zone of a laboratory coal combustor were explored. Emphasis was on a configuration in which the primary flame was of pulverized coal and the reburning fuel was natural gas, although other fuels were also considered. The objective was to extract models to be used in estimating reburning effectiveness in practical combustors. Reburning mechanisms occur in two regimes; one in which fast reactions between NO and hydrocarbons are usually limited by mixing; the other in which reactions have slowed and in which known gas phase chemistry controls. For the latter regime, a simplified model based on detailed gas phase chemical kinetic mechanisms and known rate coefficients was able to predict temporal profiles of NO, NH{sub 3} and HCN. Reactions with hydrocarbons played important roles in both regimes and the Fenimore N{sub 2} fixation reactions limited reburning effectiveness at low primary NO values.

We review the published data on the optical properties of beryllium for the spectral region from 0.03 to 300 eV. In the visible and infrared spectral regions, where published data from various authors show very large variations, we have performed experiments that identify the most probable sources of error, and use this information to select the best data from published sources. The effects of surface oxide overlayers have also been studied. In the far infrared spectral region, where only normal incidence reflectance data are available, and in the extreme ultraviolet, where only transmission data are available, there is insufficient information to fully determine the optical properties at each photon energy. Between 0.06 and 26 eV, however, a normal incidence reflectance curve is fully determined. This curve has been used for a Kramers{endash}Kronig analysis to determine the optical properties in this spectral range. 10 refs., 13 figs., 3 tabs.

On the subject of the transmittal of the Complete Quick Plot Set for Test 867{underscore}30, 4.75 MW Hard Pressure Transient LOCA at 80 F, SRP-1,141: Attached for your information is the subject plot set containing data plots for the complete test spanning from about {minus}320 to 90 seconds, time scale enhancements at {minus}1 to 5 seconds and a few custom plots. The time scale is set up so that 0 seconds corresponds to the start of the LOCA transient. The power supply safety temperature trips for the METRAscope and HP oscillograph were set a 400 F, consistent with previous tests. Flow trip setpoints (total flow from the venturi (IPD04) and channel pitot measurements) were configured for a power trip at an 80% reduction in flow from the post-LOCA expected flow value.

This report contains a safety analysis for the X17B2 beamline synchrotron medical research facility. Health hazards, risk assessment and building systems are discussed. Reference is made to transvenous coronary angiography. (LSP)

This document describes the guiding center drift equations and some of the numerical techniques used in the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory's transport analysis code TRANSP which is used to evaluate the effect of neutral beam heating on various tokamak experiments at PPPL and elsewhere. The equations used are adapted from White and Boozer and are specialized to two dimensions by assuming perfect toroidal symmetry. The resulting minor cross section of the plasma is almost coplanar. Deviations from being coplanar are ignored. 6 refs.

Scaling laws are set down for a plasma cell used for transport, focusing and current neutralization of fine, intense, relativistic electron beams. It is found that there exists a minimum beam spot size, {sigma}{sub min} {approximately} {epsilon}{sub n}(I{sub A}/{gamma}I){sup 1/2}, in such a focusing system. Propagation issues, including channel formation, synchrotron radiation, beam ionization and instabilities, are discussed. Three numerical examples are considered. 38 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

The purpose of this document is to present derivations of equations for the design of a plug valve and to present a computer program which performs the design calculations based on the derivations. The valve is based on a plug formed from a tractrix of revolution called a pseudosphere. It is of interest to be able to calculate various parameters for the plug for design purposes. For example, the surface area, volume, and center of gravity are important to determine friction and wear of the valve. A computer program in BASIC has been written to perform the design calculations. The appendix contains a computer program listing and verifications of results using approximation methods. A sample run is included along with necessary computer commands to run the program. 1 fig.

This paper discusses the relationship between surface energy and compressibility as they relate to the nucleus. 5 refs., 4 figs. (LSP)

In this note, single and multi-bunch collective instabilities are considered for PEP operating a 9 {times} 9 bunch configuration. The lattice is based on a vertically separated beam pretzel' design which allows for collisions at the TPC (IR2) only. Threshold current levels and linear instability growth rates are calculated with the storage ring design code {prime}ZAP{prime}. Single bunch instabilities should not be a problem for total circulating currents of 100mA (18 bunches, 5.6mA/bunch). Coupled-bunch growth rate calculations are based on a line broadening technique for the higher-order cavity modes. In the longitudinal case, feedback will be required. For the transverse coupled bunch instabilities, growth rates are about 5 times less. 14 refs., 5 figs.

General magnetic characteristics of the CDF and D0 hadron collider detectors at Fermilab are described. The method and equipment for the field measurement for both detectors are described, and their field measurement data are presented. The magnetic field distribution inside the CDF solenoid magnet was measured extensively only at the boundaries, and the field values inside the volume were reconstructed. The effects due to the joints and the return conductor were measured and are discussed. The flux distribution inside the yokes and the fringing field of the D0 toroids were calculated and compared with measured data. A proposal to generate dipole magnetic field inside the D0 toroidal magnet is discussed. 9 refs., 6 figs.

A comprehensive generic component failure data base has been developed for light water and liquid sodium reactor probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs). The Nuclear Computerized Library for Assessing Reactor Reliability (NUCLARR) and the Centralized Reliability Data Organization (CREDO) data bases were used to generate component failure rates. Using this approach, most of the failure rates are based on actual plant data rather than existing estimates. 21 refs., 9 tabs.

This report describes the MACCS computer code. The purpose of this code is to simulate the impact of severe accidents at nuclear power plants on the surrounding environment. MACCS has been developed for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to replace the previous CRAC2 code, and it incorporates many improvements in modeling flexibility in comparison to CRAC2. The principal phenomena considered in MACCS are atmospheric transport, mitigative actions based on dose projection, dose accumulation by a number of pathways including food and water ingestion, early and latent health effects, and economic costs. The MACCS code can be used for a variety of applications. These include (1) probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of nuclear power plants and other nuclear facilities, (2) sensitivity studies to gain a better understanding of the parameters important to PRA, and (3) cost-benefit analysis. This report is composed of three volumes. This document, Volume 1, the Users's Guide, describes the input data requirements of the MACCS code and provides directions for its use as illustrated by three sample problems.

We have designed and built a high-temperature, plasma-assisted, chemical vapor deposition system to deposit multilayer optical coatings of SiO{sub 2} and doped-SiO{sub 2} flat substrates. The coater concept and design is an outgrowth of our recent work with Schott Glasswerke demonstrating the use of plasma assisted CVD to prepare very high damage threshold optical coatings. The coater is designed to deposit up to several thousand alternating quarterwave layers of SiO{sub 2} and doped SiO{sub 2} substrate at deposition rates up to several microns per minute. The substrate is resistively heated to about 1000{degree}C during the deposition phase of the process. The plasma is driven by a 13.56 MHz RF unit capable of producing power densities of up to 140 W cm{sup {minus}3} in the reaction zone. The coater is designed to be adaptable to microwave generated plasmas, as well as RF. Reactant gas flow rates of up to 10 slm can be achieved at a 10 tar operating pressure. Reactants consist of O{sub 2}, SiCl{sub 4} and a volatile halogenated dopant. These gases react in the plasma volume producing SiO{sub 2} with dopant concentrations of up to a few percent. A variable dopant concentration is used to produce index differences …