The NA34 (HELIOS) calorimeter has measured e/{pi} {congruent} 1.1 in a uranium/liquid argon calorimeter with a shaping time of 135 nsec. Lead may be a viable alternative, but e/{pi} must first be measured at fast shaping times in lead. We re preparing to measure e/{pi} at momenta ranging from 0.5 to 20 GeV/c and with shaping times of 50, 100 and 150 nsec.

Under the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the EIA, US Department of Energy, and the US Geological Survey (USGS), US Department of the Interior, the USGS develops estimates of uranium endowment for selected geological environments in the United States. New estimates of endowment are used to update the Uranium Resources Assessment Data (URAD) System which, beginning in 1990, is maintained for EIA by the USGS. For 1989, estimates of US undiscovered resources were generated using revised economic index values (current to December 1989) in the URAD system's cost model. The increase in the estimates for the Estimated Additional Resources (EAR) and Speculative Resources (SR) classes resulted primarily from increases in the estimates of uranium endowment for the solution-collapse, breccia-pipe uranium deposit environment in the Colorado Plateau resource region. The mean values for $30-, $50-, and $100-per-pound U{sub 3}O{sub 8} forward-cost categories of EAR increased by about 8, 48, and 32 percent, respectively, as compared to 1988. Estimates of the 1989 undiscovered resources in the SR class also increased in all three forward-cost categories by 10, 5, and 9 percent, respectively. The original cost equations in the URAD System were designed to cover drilling costs related to extensive flat-lying tabular ore …

Active site modifications of isocitrate lyase (icl) from Escherichia coli are described. In addition directed mutagenesis of icl gene are detailed aimed at varying the charge yet conserving the structure of the enzymes active site.

Aqueous radioactive wastes from Savannah River Site separations processes are contained in large underground carbon steel tanks. Tank conditions are evaluated by inspection using periscopes, still photography, and video systems for visual imagery. Inspections made in 1990 are the subject of this report.

Our primary goal in this research is to determine the effective radiative properties of pulverized coal particles in situ. These effective properties can be obtained from a detailed, interactive experimental/analytical procedure. First, a series of experiments are performed, and the attenuation and scattering of incident radiation at several angular orientations are recorded. The physical and optical characteristics of the total particle cloud determines the amount of attenuation, and this information is included in the measured projection data. Effective properties can be determined by solving the inverse radiation problem in a corresponding geometry using these projection intensity data as input. Following this, empirical relations for ``effective radiative properties`` can be derived for given physical conditions. This can be achieved if other physical properties, such as volume fraction and particle size distribution, temperature of the particles and combustion gases, and concentration distribution of gam can be predicted from theory or measured in parallel experiments, and their contributions to the experimental data are quantified. During the period covered by this report, we concentrated our efforts to measure the effective radiative properties of cold coal particles. For this purpose, we used a test cell to obtain a one-dimensional slab of coal particles. The inverse …

We have studied the dependence of the second harmonic signature of the ion acoustic decay instability on the target material in laser produced plasmas. Well-defined Stokes peaks were observed. The Stokes peaks were especially sharp for high Z targets. The threshold of the IADI was quite low even in high Z plasma. It increased only weakly with increasing the atomic number. On the other hand, the Stokes intensity decreased strongly with increasing atomic number. Linear theory, combined with the results of hydrodynamic-computer-simulation (LASNEX) calculation, explained our experimental results fairly well. The effective laser intensity is strongly reduced by the increased collisionaldamping of electron plasma wave in high Z plasma, so that the Stokes intensity was reduced strongly. Hence, strong electron heating due to the IADI is less likely in high Z plasma. On the other hand, in the context of the threshold, the collisional damping effect of the electron plasma wave is canceled due to the opposite trend of the damping of the ion acoustic wave which decreases with ZT{sub e}/T{sub i}. The low-threshold, and the sharp and steady spectrum make the IADI a good diagnostic of local plasma conditions near the critical surface for high Z plasma. The ionic …

A three-year research program for the development of novel XUV spectroscopic diagnostics for magnetically confined fusion plasmas is proposed. The new diagnostic system will use layered synthetic microstructures (LSM) coated, flat and curved surfaces as dispersive elements in spectrometers and narrow band XUV filter arrays. In the framework of the proposed program we will develop impurity monitors for poloidal and toroidal resolved measurements on PBX-M and Alcator C-Mod, imaging XUV spectrometers for electron density and temperature fluctuation measurements in the hot plasma core in TEXT or other similar tokamaks and plasma imaging devices in soft x-ray light for impurity behavior studies during RF heating on Phaedrus T and carbon pellet ablation in Alcator C-Mod. Recent results related to use of multilayer in XUV plasma spectroscopy are presented. We also discuss the latest results reviewed to q{sub o} and local poloidal field measurements using Zeeman polarimetry.

High power microwave and millimeter sources, such as the quasi-optical electron cyclotron maser (QOECM) are important in fusion research as well as in high-energy physics and in other applications. The interaction between the electromagnetic modes of a Fabry-Perot resonator and an electron beam gyrating through a magnetic field has been studied for both the cases of beams parallel and perpendicular to the resonator. The parallel case was theoretically first studied by Kurin for forward and backward wave interaction, and experimentally by Komlev and Kurin. Kreischer and Temkin reviewed the general case of the linear small signal interaction parallel and perpendicular to the resonator. Sprangle, et al discussed the perpendicular case in a self-consistent linear and nonlinear theoretical study using the Gaussian transverse profile of an open resonator with a single longitudinal mode. Experimental verification of the devices operation was first mentioned in work at the Naval Research Laboratory. Theoretical studies using a time-dependent analysis of a large number of longitudinal modes with similar transverse mode profiles have demonstrated that single longitudinal-mode operation can be achieved at equilibrium and that performance can be enhanced by prebunching the electron beam and tapering the magnetic field. The use of output coupling apertures in …

The cooldown will be immediately preceded by two trial pump downs; the insulating vacuum and the detector volume. The insulating vacuum must be established to a level below 10{sup -4} MM Hg to minimize the conduction heat load. The detector, aka cryostat, vacuum pump down must be able to reproduce the ultimate and rate-of-rise (ROR) values demonstrated in the clean room. It is anticipated, barring newly generated problems, it will take a few days to accomplish both of these tasks once the construction is complete, even though there has been incidental scavenger vacuum pumping. When the leak detectors are put away, the real Pump and Purge (P&P) begins.

This project was intended to provide experimental data on siphon flow effects. The system was to be modeled with the RELAP code and the predicted and measured performances compared. The experimental system consists of a 500-gallon upper tank, a 4-inch downcomer pipe, a lower catch tank, a return pump and associated piping. The downcomer pipe is made of 4-inch clear acrylic pipe so the flow patterns could be observed and video taped during the test runs.

The evaporative fraction is a ratio that expresses the proportion of turbulent flux energy over land surfaces devoted to evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration). It has been used to characterize the energy partition over land surfaces and has potential for inferring daily energy balance information based on mid-day remote sensing measurements. The HAPEX-MOBILHY program`s SAMER system provided surface energy balance data over a range of agricultural crops and soil types. The databases from this large-scale field experiment was analyzed for the purpose of studying the behavior and daylight stability of the evaporative fraction in both ideal and general meteorological conditions. Strong linear relations were found to exist between the mid-day evaporative fraction and the daylight mean evaporative fraction. Statistical tests however rejected the hypothesis that the two quantities were equal. The relations between the evaporative fraction and the surface soil moisture as well as soil moisture in the complete vegetation root zone were also explored.

The objectives of this research are: To develop a theoretical and experimental framework for understanding isotope fractionations in plants; and to develop methods for using this isotope fractionation for understanding the dynamics of CO{sub 2} fixation in plants. Progress is described.

The two basic methods for modeling the atmospheric transport of pollutants (diagnostic and prognostic) are examined along with the current models utilized at SRS for emergency response (WINDS). The ability of a limited-area (mesoscale) model, nested within a synoptic scale model, to represent a wide range of flow behavior, makes it the method of choice for predicting pollutant transport. Such a mesoscale model can provide an invaluable research tool and, with a periodic processing strategy for wind field calculation and/or sufficient computer capability, can be utilized in an emergency response capacity. Various models are compared.

The overall objective of this project is to perform experiments to evaluate the necessary boundary conditions in the preparation and utilization of Coal Water Slurries and also develop a data base for the conceptual analysis of a prescription to predict slurry quality for a given coal candidate.

The long term aim of this project is to assess the feasibility of increasing the conversion of photosynthate into starch via manipulation of the gene that encodes for ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, a key regulatory enzyme of starch biosynthesis. In developing storage tissues such as cereal seeds and tubers, starch biosynthesis is regulated by the gene activation and expression of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, branching enzyme and other ancillary starch modifying enzymes, as well as the allosteric-controlled behavior of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase activity. During the last two years we have obtained information on the structure of this enzyme from both potato tuber and rice endosperm, using a combination of biochemical and molecular biological approaches. Moreover, we present evidence that this enzyme may be localized at discrete regions of the starch grain within the amyloplast, and plays a role in controlling overall starch biosynthesis in potato tubers.

The long term goal of this project is to assess the feasibility of increasing the conversion of photosynthate a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis. In developing storage tissues such as cereal seeds and tubers, starch biosynthesis is primarily regulated by the gene activation, expression, and allosteric regulation of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, as well as starch synthase, and branching enzyme. During the last year we have elucidated the structure of both subunits which compose this tetrameric enzyme and determined the temporal and spatial expression of the genes encoding each subunit as well as their correlation to starch biosynthesis. Genomic clones to both subunits have also been isolated and the gene structure of the small subunit determined. Transgenic potato plants have been produced containing deletions of the small subunit promoter. Currently, cis acting elements and their involvement in spatial and temporal expression are under investigation.

Coal Reaction Study: The results of the reaction of aqueous cupric chloride with Illinois {number_sign}6 coal are listed on page 21. These results indicate that the oxidative desulfurization of coal with cupric chloride is more complex and less effective than previously reported. Although almost all the pyritic and sulfate sulfur are removed from the coal, the organic sulfur is actually reported to have increased. This may be due to an actual increase in the organic sulfur through a side reaction of the pyrite, or it may be caused by inaccuracy of the ASTM method when large proportions of chloro substituents are present. The amount of chlorine added to the coal (from 0 to 3.18%) is quite large and counterproductive. Most importantly, the amount of non-combustible ash has increased from 15.48 to 51.21%, most likely in the form of copper. This will dramatically decrease both the efficiency of combustion in terms of altering the heat capacity of the coal as well as decrease the amount of energy produced per ton of coal. As a result, it is quite evident that this method of desulfurization needs some modification prior to further exploitation.

This report summarizes work performed under Grant Number DE-FG03-88ER13911 for the period June 15, 1988 through October 31, 1990. The first year's work dealt with derivations of the fundamental equations describing suspensions of inelastic particles. This work was documented in last year's annual progress report, and has since been published in Physica A. We include the published version as an Appendix to this report. During the past year our work has focused on derivations of the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations for multi-component systems. The remainder of this report summarizes the results of these latter studies. The report is organized as follows. In Section 2, we derive a general set of nonlinear hydrodynamic equations for a two-component, classical fluid system. We then show under what circumstances the exact equations can be approximated by the phenomenological, nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations. In Section 3, we use the general results of Section 2 to obtain explicit, nonlinear equations for the evolution of the hydrodynamic variables of two-component fluid mixtures (total mass density, mass density of one of the two species, momentum density and energy density). In Section 4, we give the linearized, fundamental equations that follow from the results of Section 3. In Section 5, we …

This report discusses the research and development on the hadron shower counter for the superconducting super collider. (LSP)

This frame pipe analysis addresses the D0 LAr dewar Condenser tube (coil) feed pipe thermal contraction stresses and moments. The configuration is shown in PEI drawing C-32545, Rev 0, and the parameters detailed in the letter of November 20, 1989, located in appendix A. Note that all other thermal considerations for these condensing coils have been made in D0 EN 3740.512-234. The conclusion of this report is the feed lines, previously deemed appropriate without detailed analysis, have been demonstrated to be adequately designed for the intended service and require no further investigation.

The present investigation is a part of our studies on the electro chemical aspects of pyrite bioleaching involving Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Previously (1,2) we have examined the effect of T. ferrooxidans and their metabolic products on the redox reactions of Fe{sup 2+}/Fe{sup 3+} couple at the pyrite surface. Results obtained suggest that beyond 1. 5 days during their growth in a batch fermenter, the bacteria and their metabolic products completely cover the pyrite surface and shut down all electron transfer across the electrode-solution interface. In addition, it has been observed that the bacteria serve as the nucleation site for jarosite formation, which is found detrimental to bioleaching. In the present work we have focussed on the effect of the presence of vitamins on the redox chemistry of iron. Our examination of the effect of the presence of thiamine hydrochloride in the redox behavior of Fe{sup 2+}/Fe{sup 3+} at the pyrite surface has revealed that thiamine hydrochloride does not undergo chemical interaction with ferrous or ferric iron. However, it may adsorb onto the pyrite surface causing polarization of the pyrite electrode.

This report describes recent progress in a fundamental, three-year investigation of the coupled problem of turbulent particle dispersion and thermal radiation transport. The project`s objective is to make measurements of particle size, velocity, number density, temperature and wall radiant heat flux in a parametrically-controlled reactor presently existent a Brigham Young University (BYU). Although the study proposed here is primarily designed to provide experimental data not currently available for the evaluation of turbulent particle dispersion and radiation models, comparisons of analytical predictions and the experimental data obtained will be performed, using appropriate submodels integral to comprehensive pulverized-coal combustion codes existent at BYU.

The authors are completing a 30-year study of the biologic effects of {sup 90}Sr and {sup 226}Ra in the beagle in order to predict the possible long-term hazards to people from chronic exposure to low levels of irradiation. Animals received either radionuclide by several means of administration: (a) continual ingestion of {sup 90}Sr, (b) a single intravenous injection of {sup 90}Sr, or (c) a series of eight intravenous injections of {sup 226}Ra. Although administration of {sup 90}Sr and {sup 226}Ra ended at 540 days of age, the animals continued to receive chronic, low-level radiation doses from these bone-seeking radionuclides throughout life. This project is the largest single cohort study in beagles of internally deposited radionuclides. It is unique in use of the ingestion route for {sup 90}Sr and in exposures that began before birth and continued throughout development to adulthood with uniform labeling of the skeletons with {sup 90}Sr. The last of the dogs died in 1986 at age 18.5, but the authors are continuing to investigate the significance of these long-term exposures given at low dose rates with regard to cancer production, physiologic well-being, and shortening of life through the detailed records that were kept and by study of …

The objective of this work is to investigate, in the laboratory, the parameters associated with a chemically assisted in situ recovery procedure, using hydrogen chloride (HCI), carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}), and steam (H{sub 2}O), to obtain-data useful to develop a process more economic than existing processes and to report all findings. The technical progress of the project is reported. The progress of the project is that experiment preparations are underway. Reactor design, process design, and experiment design have been completed. The laboratory to be used has required extensive clean-up, and is nearly ready. Safety considerations are underway. Finally, an initial literature search has revealed some important aspects that need to be considered.