If the 500 MW geothermal project on the Big Island of Hawaii is developed as planned, the Wao Kele O Puna rain forest will be severely damaged or destroyed. If this happens the State will lose one of its most precious resources. It would be tragic for this to happen, since on a least-cost basis, the geothermal project does not make economic sense. Improving energy efficiency in the commercial and residential sectors of Hawaii can save about 500 MW of power at a cost of $700 million.

The traveler organized and chaired the meeting of the NEANDC/NEACRP Nuclear Data Evaluation Cooperation Subgroup-I: Intercomparison of USA, European, and Japanese Evaluations for {sup 52}Cr, {sup 56}Fe, and {sup 58}Ni, held on December 3, 1990, at the NEA Data Bank in Saclay, France. The traveler held discussions with Subgroup-II members to keep track of the activities of this group in which the traveler is a member. Highlights and/or recommendations of these meetings, as well as observations of the EAF, EFF, and JEF meetings, are included in this report.

A designed experiment was performed on the staking operation of a miniature precision bearing. Three variables were controlled during the experiment: staking force, tool diameter, and bearing-to-wheel fit. The study showed that the current staking tool diameter is highly sensitive to staking force and to bearing-to-wheel fit, whereas a smaller diameter tool is not. The study also shows that, with the current process, bearing movement under a 100-Newton (N) force can be estimated at 0.009 in. to 0.0029 in. The current specification is 0.002 in. and should be revised to 0.0035 in. 4 figs.

This report presents current data on production, consumption, stocks, imports, exports, and prices of the principal energy commodities in the United States. Also included are data on international production of crude oil, consumption of petroleum products, petroleum stocks, and production of electricity from nuclear-powered facilities.

Electric utilities are on the brink of a new era in waste disposal problems. This research project addresses the issue of how to effectively dispose of flyash, bottom ash, desulfurization sludge through the generation of chemically-hardened material that could potentially be used as a cement or as a synthetic aggregate. The specific goals of this study were: (1) to study the hardness of mixtures of flyash, bottom ash, and DSG treated with lime and other hardening agents; (2) to determine the optimum solids content, setting time, moisture content, and post setting treatments that will yield the greatest strength and hardness out of these mixtures; and (3) to determine the leachability of the synthetic material as a measure of its ability to retain absorbed and/or entrained toxic metals. 50 refs., 15 figs., 8 tabs.

The characterization of diffusion of lead and other trace elements in certain mineral phases has great significance in reconstructing the thermal history of the earth's crust. Such studies permit better interpretation of ages'' obtained from isotopic dating. This study uses ion implantation to introduce lead into the minerals apatite and zircon. Diffusion profiles are obtained using Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and the results fit with a model to determine D. Results for apatite over the temperature range 600--900{degree}C show agreement with earlier results obtained traditional geologic techniques. This suggests that radiation damage induced by ion implantation has little effect on diffusion in this case. This approach is both simple and useful in studying diffusion over a temperature range of geologic interest without inordinate annealing times. 17 refs., 5 figs.

The electrocatalytic activities were compared for pure and chloride-doped beta-PbO{sub 2} (Cl-PbO{sub 2}) films on gold and platinum substrates. Rate constants were increased significantly for oxidations of Mn{sup 2+}, toluene, benzyl alcohol, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and benzaldehyde in acidic media by the incorporation of Cl{sup {minus}} into the oxide films. These reactions are concluded to occur by the electrocatalytic transfer of oxygen from H{sub 2}O to the reaction products. Results of x-ray diffraction studies indicate the Cl-PbO{sub 2} film continues to have the slightly distorted rutile structure of pure beta-PbO{sub 2}. The observed electrocatalytic phenomena are concluded to be the beneficial consequence of surface defects generated when Cl{sup {minus}} serves for charge compensation within the surface matrix and, thereby, increases the number of surface sites capable of adsorbing hydroxyl radicals which are transferred in the electrocatalytic O-transfer reactions. 91 refs., 44 figs., 10 tabs.

The purpose of this investigation is to study the mechanisms of sulfur capture when burning coal-water-limestone mixtures (CWLM) in fluidized beds. Special care is taken to make comparisons with to dry coal and sorbent under comparable experimental conditions. A series of experiments were performed in an eight-inch diameter bubbling fluidized bed combustor to address this problem. 33 refs., 17 figs., 5 tabs.

The precipitation of jarosite compounds to remove Na, K, Fe, and SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}} impurities from spent acid solutions from a chemical coal cleaning process was studied. Simple heating of model solutions containing Fe{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}, Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, and K{sub 2}SO{sub 4} caused jarosite (KFe{sub 3}(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(OH){sub 6}) to form preferentially to natrojarosite (NaFe{sub 3}(SO{sub 4}){sub 2}(OH){sub 6}). Virtually all of the K, about 90% of the Fe, and about 30% of the SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}} could be precipitated from those solutions at 95{degree}C, while little or no Na was removed. However, simple heating of model solutions containing only Fe{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} and Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} up to 95{degree}C for {le}12 hours produced low yields of jarosite compounds, and the Fe concentration in the solution had to be increased to avoid the formation of undesirable Fe compounds. Precipitate yields could be increased dramatically in model solutions of Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}/Fe{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} containing excess Fe by using either CaCO{sub 3}, Ca(OH){sub 2}, or ZnO to neutralize H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} released during hydrolysis of the Fe{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} and during the precipitation reactions. Results obtained from the studies with model solutions were applied to spent …

It is generally expected that the depolarizing effects of the linear accelerator RF fields will be small. Recently Bill Atwood raised the question whether this conclusion is still correct in view of the fact that the particles in the SLC spend a larger fraction of their time at phase angles off crest'' due to BNS damping; since radial fields are in quadrature with the accelerating field this might imply that depolarizing effects are larger. On the other hand, because of the smaller emittance of the SLC relative to the earlier linac radial excursions would be smaller. The anticipation is therefore that the depolarizing effect will again be negligible but it might be worthwhile to update the early calculations of SLAC TN-63-97 revised in this paper.

The purpose of the DOE limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB) Demonstration Project Extension is to extend the data base on LIMB technology and to expand DOE's list of Clean Coal Technologies by demonstrating the Coolside process as part of the project. The main objectives of this project are: to demonstrate the general applicability of LIMB technology by testing 3 coals and 4 sorbents (total of 12 coal/sorbent combinations) at the Ohio Edison Edgewater plant; and to demonstrate that Coolside is a viable technology for improving precipitator performance and reducing sulfur dioxide emissions while acceptable operability is maintained. Progress is reported. 3 figs.

The Evaluation Cooperation Subgroup, Actinide Data in the Thermal Energy Range,'' met primarily to discuss problems related to the temperature coefficient of U-235 fueled thermal reactors and nuclear data on eta at thermal neutron energies, the number of neutrons emitted per neutron absorbed. The preliminary results of the eta measurements done by M. Moxon of Harwell at Oak Ridge were presented and preliminary results by H. Weigman of Geel with a new method were presented. All three measurements from Geel show a pronounced down-slope of eta with decreasing neutron energy and both measurements by Moxon show only a very slight down slope. Acceptance of the Geel results would solve about one-third of the problem in the calculated reactor temperature coefficient. The Evaluation Cooperation Subgroup, 239-Pu Fission Cross Sections between 1 and 100 keV,'' met to discuss the 4% lower than the previously evaluated fission cross sections between 20 eV and 100 keV as evaluated from the fission data of the Weston and Todd and transmission data of J. A. Harvey (all of ORNL). These lower fission cross sections are discrepant with integral measurements, however, it is conceivable that there could be compensating effects, perhaps in the U-238 cross sections. A …

In 1985, we reviewed the Department's procedures and practices for managing and controlling its major acquisition program, both for major systems and major projects. The 1985 review resulted in the identification of significant deficiencies. We found, for example, deficiencies relating to documentation and reporting requirements for major acquisitions. The purpose of this review was to determine if this condition had been corrected. The review included an examination of applicable laws, Executive Orders, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circulars, and Department policies. We examined key documents prepared for major acquisitions and reviewed reports used by senior Departmental officials to monitor these projects. Our audit was based primarily on a limited review of documentation available at Department of Energy (DOE) Headquarters. We did not extend our review of the issues raised in this report because we concluded that the management of major acquisitions was of such importance to the Department at this time that expedited reporting was needed.

The growth, structure, and thermal stability of ultra-thin metal films (Rh on Ag(100); Au on Pd(110) and Pt on Pd(110)) is investigated using surface sensitive techniques. The three systems studied present a variety of differing characteristics which can contribute to the growth mode, two-dimensional structure, and thermal stability of the films. The main factors contributing to the differing properties of the three systems presented here are: (1) the different substrate morphologies; (2) the differences in surface free energies between the overlayer and the substrate; (3) the degree of lattice mismatch for a particular system; and (4) the extent of miscibility of the two metals. 200 refs., 38 figs.

A modification to the proportional chamber design makes it possible to achieve 5{mu}m spatial resolution in particle tracking. Achieving this requires knowing exactly what the electric field is in the chamber, and simple approximations to the field are not accurate enough. The operation of the chamber and techniques which accurately evaluate the electric field are discussed.

This work involves studying two commercial hydrocracking catalysts by solid state multinuclear NMR silicon 29 and aluminum 27 with the goal of developing a method of determining the fraction zeolite in the catalysts. The zeolite fraction is known to be one of the faujasite zeolites type X or Y. The clay matrix of the catalyst is assumed to be kaolinite. Fresh, air-exposed commercial hydrocracking catalysts were provided by Phillips Petroleum. Sample 33351-86 was known to be a physical mixture of a Y zeolite and a clay matrix. The other catalyst, 33351-20, was composed of a faujasite zeolite grown within a clay matrix. Both were suspected of being about 20 wt % zeolite. Nothing is known about the state of pretreatment or cation exchange. A portion of each catalyst was calcined in a porcelain crucible in air at 500{degree}C for two hours with a hour heating ramp preceding and a two hour cooling ramp following calcination. 64 refs., 21 figs., 8 tabs.

The traveler participated in the 1990 European Workshop on Lead-Lithium Corrosion and Chemistry. Main areas of emphasis in the European liquid metal (exclusively Pb-17 at. % Li) program are now on deposition effects and corrosion-resistant surface product layers that can also serve as barriers to tritium permeation and insulators. Dr. Tortorelli also visited Harwell Laboratory to discuss innovative methods of corrosion analysis. He attended the 16th Symposium on Fusion Technology in London and the initial meeting of the Program Committee for the Second International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology, which will be held in June 1991. He toured the JET facilities as part of the SOFT program.

XAPiir is a basic recursive digital filtering package, containing both design and implementation subroutines. XAPiir was developed for the experimental array processor (XAP) software package, and is written in FORTRAN. However, it is intended to be incorporated into any general- or special-purpose signal analysis program. It replaces the older package RECFIL, offering several enhancements. RECFIL is used in several large analysis programs developed at LLNL, including the seismic analysis package SAC, several expert systems (NORSEA and NETSEA), and two general purpose signal analysis packages (SIG and VIEW). This report is divided into two sections: the first describes the use of the subroutine package, and the second, its internal organization. In the first section, the filter design problem is briefly reviewed, along with the definitions of the filter design parameters and their relationship to the subroutine input parameters. In the second section, the internal organization is documented to simplify maintenance and extensions to the package. 5 refs., 9 figs.

Hexanuclear molybdenum clusters with mixed chloride and sulfide bridging ligands were prepared by reacting {alpha}-MoCl{sub 2} with sodium hydrosulfide in the presence of sodium butoxide. The resulting species, Mo{sub 6}Cl{sub (8-x)}S{sub x}{center dot}npy(x {congruent} 3.6, n {congruent} 4, py = pyridine), was pyrophoric and insoluble. The mixed sulfide chloride cluster species Mo{sub 6}S{sub 4}Cl{sub 4}{center dot}6OPEt{sub 3} and Mo{sub 6}S{sub {approximately}5}Cl{sub {approximately}3}{center dot}6PEt{sub 3} and Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8}{center dot}6PEt{sub 3} were isolated and characterized. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, and UV/visible spectra were obtained for each fraction. The completely sulfided cluster, Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8}{center dot}6PEt{sub 3}, was prepared similarly and used in various experiments as a possible precursor to Chevrel phase materials of the type Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8}or M{sub n}Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8}. With the goal of removing all of the triethylphosphine ligands, Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8}{center dot}6PEt{sub 3} was reacted with the transition metal carbonyls molybdenum hexacarbonyl and dicobalt octacarbonyl. Reaction on the molecular sulfide cluster with copper(I) chloride in toluene gave a completely insoluble product. The reaction of Mo{sub 6}S{sub 8}{center dot}6PEt{sub 3} with propylene sulfide gave a product whose infrared spectra showed only very weak peaks associated with coordinated triethylphosphine. The elemental analysis of this product fit …

This report, entitled Combustion Engineering Standard Safety Analysis Report -- Design Certification (CESSAR-DC), has been prepared in support of the industry effort to standardize nuclear plant designs. These volumes describe the Combustion Engineering, Inc. System 80{sup +}{trademark} Standard Design. This volume 9 discusses Electric Power and Auxiliary Systems.

This report, entitled Combustion Engineering Standard Safety Analysis Report - Design Certification (CESSAR-DC), has been prepared in support of the industry effort to standardize nuclear plant designs. These documents describe the Combustion Engineering, Inc. System 80+{sup TM} Standard Design. This report, Volume 7, in conjunction with Volume 6, provides a description of engineered safety features.

This report, entitled Combustion Engineering Standard Safety Analysis Report - Design Certification (CESSAR-DC), has been prepared in support of the industry effort to standardize nuclear plant designs. These documents describe the Combustion Engineering, Inc. System 80+{sup TM} Standard Design. This report, Volume 6, in conjunction with Volume 7, provides a description of engineered safety features.

This report, entitled Combustion Engineering Standard Safety Analysis Report -- Design Certification (CESSAR-DC), has been prepared in support of the industry effort to standardize nuclear plant designs. These volumes describe the Combustion Engineering, Inc. System 80{sup +}{trademark} Standard Design. This volume 11 discusses Radiation Protection, Conduct of Operations, and the Initial Test Program.

In the Proceedings of the Workshop on the RHIC Performance, it was stated that the transverse mode coupling instability, posed a potential intensity limitation for protons. This was based on the expression I{sub b} = 4(E{sub t}/qe) Q{sub s} 4 {radical}{pi} {sigma} {ell}/(Im (Z{sub {perpendicular}}) < {beta}{sub {perpendicular}} > R 3) where E{sub t} is the total energy, q the charge state, Q{sub s} the synchrotron tune, < {beta}{sub {perpendicular}} > the average beta function, R the machine radius, and {sigma}{sub {ell}} the rms bunch length of a Gaussian distribution in longitudinal phase space. For a < {beta}{sub {perpendicular}} > of 55 m and 10{sup 11} protons/bunch, the allowed impedance Z{sub {perpendicular}} for protons at injection, where Q{sub s} = 0.11 {times} 10{sup {minus}3}, would be less than 1.2 M{Omega}/m. The purpose of this report is to discuss the consequences of two factors that were omitted in this equation, which comes from the ZAP program, to RHIC. These are the space charge impedance and the incoherent tune spread of the beam.