A new Finnigan ion trap mass spectrometer was purchased and installed at LLNL. Over a period of several months the instrument was tested under a variety of conditions utilizing a capillary gas chromatography interface which allowed separated organic compounds to be carried directly into the ion source of the mass spectrometer. This direct interface allowed maximum analytical sensitivity. A variety of critical tests were performed in order to optimize the sensitivity of the system under a variety of analysis conditions. These tests altered the critical time cycles of the ionization, ion trapping, and detection. Various carrier gas pressures were also employed in order to ascertain the overall sensitivity of the instrument. In addition we have also interfaced a thermal energy analyzer (TEA) to the gas chromatograph in order to simultaneously detect volatile nitrogen containing compounds while mass spectral data is being acquired. This is the first application at this laboratory of simultaneous ultra-trace detections while utilizing two orthogonal analytical techniques. In particular, explosive-related compound and/or residues are of interest to the general community in water, soil and gas sampler. In this paper are highlighted a few examples of the analytical power of this new GC-TEA-ITMS technology.

Numerous studies involving cost estimates have been performed for superconducting power transmission systems. As these systems were usually aimed at providing transmission from large clusters of generation the base power rating of the corridor was very high; in the case of the most comprehensive study it was 10,000 MVA. The purpose of this study is to examine a system which is very closely based on the prototype 1000 MVA system which was operated at Brookhaven National Laboratory over a four year period. The purpose of the study is to provide cost estimates for the superconducting system and to compare these estimates with a design based on the use of advanced but conventional cable designs. The work is supported by funding from the Office of Energy Research's Industry/Laboratory Technology Exchange Program. This program is designed to commercialize energy technologies. The technical design of the superconducting system was prepared by the BNL staff, the design of the 800 MVA conventional cable system was done by engineers from Underground Systems Incorporated. Both institutions worked on the cost estimate of the superconducting system. The description and cost estimate of the conventional cable system is given in the Appendix. 5 refs.

This report summarizes work performed on Tasks 5 and 6 under Sandia Contract Number 75-2608. Task 5 involves the design and development of a palm for the Salisbury robot hand and Task 6 is an investigation and incorporation of contact sensors into the palm design. 19 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

To demonstrate the accounting framework and give some practical meaning to the concept of external costs of various stages of the fuel cycle, we will apply the approach to a limited number of case studies. These case studies will emphasize two of the major sectors for which energy sources are needed: electricity production and transportation. Because the intent here is to illustrate the approach and not to derive sweeping generalizations or comparisons, criteria and proposed selections for the two sectors were not constrained to be identical. However, applications to either sector require the resolution of a number of general issues. 1 fig.

The travelers presented papers on various aspects of modeling performed as part of the US National Acidic Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) at the Fourth International Conference on Acidic Deposition: Its Nature and Impacts. The meeting was sponsored by the Royal Society of Edinburgh and was attended by over 800 scientists, primarily from Europe and North America. The conference focused on nine aspects of the nature and impacts of atmospheric pollutants, including ozone: chemistry of atmospheric pollutants; processes controlling the deposition of pollutants; effects of pollutants on soils; physiology of plant responses to pollutants; effects of pollutants in agricultural and natural or seminatural ecosystems; atmospheric pollutants and forests; effects of pollutants on the chemistry of freshwater streams and lakes; effects of pollutants on freshwater plants and animals; and effects of pollutants, indoors and outdoors, on materials and buildings.

The principal purpose of this trip was to participate in the Anniversary Specialist Conference on Nuclear Power Engineering in Space hosted by the USSR Ministry of Atomic Power Engineering and Industry. The conference was held in Obninsk, USSR. A secondary purpose of the trip was to meet with the French Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique in Paris regarding the status of their space power program.

Final analytical results were received from 5-lb splits of {minus}1/4 inch coal retrieved from designated drums in 1989. These results are shown in Appendix A. Analytical results from DECS-1 and DECS-2 for total moisture, equilibrium moisture, proximate, ultimate, sulfur forms, calorific value, chlorine, and ash fusion were received. Epoxy-binder crushed particle pellets were prepared for reflectance and maceral analyses. Free-swelling index tests were run on both samples and alkali extraction and Gieseler fluidity tests were performed on DECS-2, the bituminous sample. During the current reporting period a total of 51 samples (36 DOE Sample Bank samples and 15 other Penn State samples) of various sizes were distributed. A total of 251 data printouts were distributed. In addition, 17 special data requests were fulfilled by either search/sort and printout or creation of a data. disk, resulting in distribution of limited information on 2,989 samples. Several preliminary requests for Sample Bank and Data Base information and price quotations have also been handled.

Final analytical results were received from 5-lb splits of {minus}1/4 inch coal retrieved from designated drums in 1989. These results are shown in Appendix A. Analytical results from DECS-1 and DECS-2 for total moisture, equilibrium moisture, proximate, ultimate, sulfur forms, calorific value, chlorine, and ash fusion were received. Epoxy-binder crushed particle pellets were prepared for reflectance and maceral analyses. Free-swelling index tests were run on both samples and alkali extraction and Gieseler fluidity tests were performed on DECS-2, the bituminous sample. During the current reporting period a total of 51 samples (36 DOE Sample Bank samples and 15 other Penn State samples) of various sizes were distributed. A total of 251 data printouts were distributed. In addition, 17 special data requests were fulfilled by either search/sort and printout or creation of a data. disk, resulting in distribution of limited information on 2,989 samples. Several preliminary requests for Sample Bank and Data Base information and price quotations have also been handled.

Tags and seals have long been recognized as important tools in arms control. The trend in control of armaments is to limit militarily significant equipment that is capable of being verified through direct and cooperative means, chiefly on-site inspection or monitoring. Although this paper will focus on the CFE treaty, the role of tags and seals for other treaties will also be addressed. Published technology and concepts will be reviewed, based on open sources. Arms control verification tags are defined as unique identifiers designed to be tamper-revealing; in that respect, seals are similar, being used as indicators of unauthorized access. Tamper-revealing tags might be considered as single-point markers, seals as two-point couplings, and nets as volume containment. The functions of an arms control tag can be considered to be two-fold: to provide field verification of the identity of a treaty-limited item (TLI), and to have a means of authentication of the tag and its tamper-revealing features. Authentication could take place in the field or be completed elsewhere. For CFE, the goal of tags and seals can be to reduce the overall cost of the entire verification system.

At the request of the Office of Fusion Energy, a group of experts was convened on February 6--8, 1990. This group met to assess the world data base on Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) physics, and, further, to assess the role of the ZTH experiment in providing reactor relevant physics understanding for that confinement geometry. This group met, analyzed some of the relevant literature, and heard extensive presentations on the physics of the RFP and the plans for the ZTH and RFX devices. The conclusions of this group of experts are contained in this report.

The generalized snake configuration offers advantages of either shorter total snake length and smaller orbit displacement in the compact configuration or the multi-functions in the split configuration. We found that the compact configuration can save about 10% of the total length of a snake. On other hand, the spilt snake configuration can be used both as a snake and as a spin rotator for the helicity state. Using the orbit compensation dipoles, the spilt snake configuration can be located at any distance on both sides of the interaction point of a collider provided that there is no net dipole rotation between two halves of the snake. The generalized configuration is then applied to the partial snake excitation. Simple formula have been obtained to understand the behavior of the partial snake. Similar principle can also be applied to the spin rotators. We also estimate the possible snake imperfections are due to various construction errors of the dipole magnets. Accuracy of field error of better than 10{sup {minus}4} will be significant. 2 refs., 5 figs.

A growth algorithm has been developed to build coral shapes out of a tree of spheres. A volume density defined by the spheres is contoured to give a soft object.'' The resulting contour surfaces are rendered by ray tracing, using a generalized volume texture to produce shading and bump mapped'' normal perturbations. 16 refs., 8 figs.

Several technologies for destroying or decontaminating hazardous wastes were evaluated (during early 1988) as potential processes for treating low-level mixed wastes destined for destruction in the Fluidized Bed Incinerator. The processes that showed promise were retained for further consideration and placed into one (or more) of three categories based on projected availability: short, intermediate, and long-term. Three potential short-term options were identified for managing low-level mixed wastes generated or stored at the Rocky Flats Plant (operated by Rockwell International in 1988). These options are: (1) Continue storing at Rocky Flats, (2) Ship to Nevada Test Site for landfill disposal, or (3) Ship to the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory for incineration in the Waste Experimental Reduction Facility. The third option is preferable because the wastes will be destroyed. Idaho National Engineering Laboratory has received interim status for processing solid and liquid low-level mixed wastes. However, low-level mixed wastes will continue to be stored at Rocky Flats until the Department of Energy approval is received to ship to the Nevada Test Site or Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Potential intermediate and long-term processes were identified; however, these processes should be combined into complete waste treatment systems'' that may serve as alternatives to the …

The IDS facility is located between the CLEM rails and within the FFTF containment building. It is located in a rectangular steel-lined concrete cell which lies entirely below the 550 ft floor level with the top flush with the 550 ft floor level. The BLTC rails within containment traverse the IDS cover (H-4-38001). The facility consists of a rotatable storage basket submerged in liquid sodium which is contained in a stainless steel tank. The storage positions within the basket are arranged so that it is not physically possible to achieve a critical array. The primary vessel is enclosed in a secondary guard tank of such size and arrangement that, should a leak develop in the primary tank, the sodium level would not fall below the top of the fueled section of the stored core components or test assemblies. The atmosphere outside the primary vessel, but within the concrete cell, is nitrogen which also serves as a heat transfer medium to control the cell temperature. To provide space for the storage of test assemblies such as the OTA and CLIRA, 10 storage tubes (each approximately 43-1/4 ft long) are included near the center of the basket. This arrangement requires that the …

The travelers observed the acceptance testing of the 150-kW electron-beam (EB) furnace constructed by Leybold (Hanau) Technologies prior to disassembly and shipping. The testing included: (1) operation of the mold withdrawal system (2) vacuum pumping and vacuum chamber leak-up rates, (3) power stability at full power, (4) x-radiation monitoring at full power, and (5) demonstration of system interlocks for loss of water cooling, loss of vacuum, loss of power, and emergency shutdown. Preliminary training was obtained in furnace operation, EB gun maintenance, and use of the programmable logic controller for beam manipulation. Additional information was obtained on water-cooling requirements and furnace platform construction necessary for the installation. The information gained and training received will greatly assist in minimizing the installation and startup operation costs of the furnace.

For the next generation of fusion lasers reflecting mirrors with laser damage thresholds of at least 40 J/cm{sup 2} for 10 ns laser pulses at 1.064 {mu}m are needed. Up to now, no deposition technique has been developed to produce such mirrors. Best R D-values realized today are around 30 J/cm{sup 2} for e-beam evaporated mirrors. R D on conventional e-beam coating processes over the last 10 years has come up with marginal improvements in laser damage thresholds only. However, new technologies, like PICVD developed for the fabrication of ultra-low loss fiber preforms, seem to offer the potential to solve this problem. It is well known that fused silica produced by CVD processes can have laser damage thresholds as high as 80 J/cm{sup 2}. However, the thickness of a single deposited film is in the {mu}m-range for most of the CVD processes used for preform manufacturing; since interference optics need films in the{lambda}/4n range the use of preform-fabrication processes for the purpose of interference mirror fabrication is limited to a few plasma based CVD technologies, namely PCVD. Especially PICVD is a very powerful technology to fabricate thin film multilayers for interference mirrors, because this technique is able to produce films …

Traveler attended the meeting of the Standing Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change of the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and the Scientific Symposium organized by the Standing Committee. The purpose of the meeting and symposium was to discuss the Draft Framework and the Workplan of the Standing Committee prior to its presentation to the 1990 Congress of the ISSC on November 28--30, 1990. The meetings indicate that ORNL Global Environmental Studies Center is on the international leading edge of human dimensions research, except in the area of human dimensions data systems. This weakness could be rectified by close collaboration with the efforts of the Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in Michigan.

When a software system reaches a certain size, arteriosclerosis sets in. That is, the system becomes harder and harder to add new features and even more difficult to understand. Worse, the insertion of new features often introduces new programming errors as well as revealing ones already present but previously unmanifested. For Fortran programs, the 100,000 line size is critical. XREF fights hardening of the arteries by providing the user information on the organization, variable usage, and common block use within the software system. XREF is language independent. That is, it works, for example, with CAL, C, CIVIC, and CFT compiled subprograms. XREF performs its global symbol analysis from either the BUILD library file or the object (binary) file. Naturally more useful information is obtained when a symbol table is generated by the compiler. Specifically, eight global reports are produced. The most helpful report consists of a listing of all symbols contained in the BUILD library or binary file, the subprograms that use the symbol and the relocation basis (either local or common block name) of each symbol. Five secondary reports are provided for each subprogram. 3 refs.

The assessed phase diagram of Fe-V exhibits a continuous high temperature bcc solid solution intersected at lower temperatures by a complex sigma phase centered around equiatomic composition. Slow kinetics of the bcc to sigma transformation make it possible to retain the bcc solid solution at low temperature. It has been observed that this metastable solid solution has a tendency to order with a CsCl type structure (B2) below 970 K. As a first attempt to describe this behavior from an electronic structure approach, this paper will study the phase stability on the bcc lattice using a realistic tight-binding Hamiltonian. Main features are as follows: Element and structure specific Slater-Koster parameters are used and lattice parameter effects are incorporated through scaling. Charge transfer is set to zero by rigidly shifting the onsite energies of one constituent. The Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA) is invoked with four levels corresponding to states with s, p, t{sub 2g} and e{sub g} like symmetry. Effects of off-diagonal disorder (ODD) have not been included, instead, an average alloy Hamiltonian was defined using the Slater-Koster parameters of the components weighted by concentration. At equiatomic composition the effect of this approximation has been evaluated by repeating the electronic structure …

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether the purchase of fuel by a company that provides transportation services for a school district is exempt from taxation (RQ-1807)

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Authority of an independent school district to conduct a raffle (RQ-1949)

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Authority of a county auditor to require constables to submit a monthly report (RQ-1878)

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Use of a "paging device" on school property or at a school function (RQ-1942)

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Authority of the Texas Real Estate Commission to adopt a rule permitting onsite audits of Mandatory Continuing Education (RQ-2057)