The objective of this project is to produce one or more microorganisms capable of removing the organic and inorganic sulfur in coal. The original specific technical objectives of the project were to: clone and characterize the genes encoding the enzymes of the 4S'' pathway (sulfoxide/sulfone/sulfonate/sulfate) for release of organic sulfur from coal; return multiple copies of genes to the original host to enhance the biodesulfurization activity of that organism; transfer this pathway into a fast-growing chemolithotropic bacterium; conduct a batch-mode optimization/analysis of scale-up variables.

The primary objective of the project is to investigate the magnetic nature of the higher alcohol synthesis catalyst-Cu/Co supported on specific supports: chromia and titania with and without an alkali metal promoter, and examine the relations between catalytic and magnetic properties.

The effectiveness of water sprays to absorb HF releases has been recently demonstrated by extended laboratory and field tests. In this paper computer simulations are presented of the Hawk, Nevada Test Site, series of field tests, along with parametric studies of several cases which have not been studied in the field. The model used in these simulations, HFSPRAY, treats the gas-phase as an Eulerean fluid whereas the spray is described according to the Lagrangian approach by a finite number of drops of varying size and trajectory. HFSPRAY simulates the momentum, mass and energy interactions between a water spray and a turbulent plume of HF in air; it is capable of predicting the flow velocities, temperature, water vapor and HF concentration fields in two-dimensional large-geometries, for spraying in any direction, (i.e., down-flow, inclined-down-flow, up-flow, and co-current horizontal flow). 15 refs., 21 figs.

This research project involves the design, synthesis and study of the molecules which mimic many of the important aspects of photosynthetic electron and energy transfer. Specifically, the molecules are designed to mimic the following aspects of natural photosynthetic multistep electron transfer: electron donation from a tetrapyrrole excited singlet state, electron transfer between tetrapyrroles, electron transfer from tetrapyrroles to quinones, and electron transfer between quinones with different redox properties. In addition, they model carotenoid antenna function in photosynthesis (singlet-singlet energy transfer from carotenoid polyenes to chlorophyll) and carotenoid photoprotection from singlet oxygen damage (triplet-triplet energy transfer from chlorophyll to carotenoids).

The DoD Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) Test Network (CTN) is conducting tests of the military standard for the Automated interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1840A, and its companion suite of specifications. The primary purpose of the CTN is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CALS standards for technical data interchange and to demonstrate the capability and operational suitability of these standards. This test was conducted to allow Optigraphics to demonstrate their ability to generated a MIL-R-28002 file. The objective was to evaluate their interpretation of the MIL-R-28002 standard thereby assist the CTN in substantiating the validity of the standards or recommending changes to these standards and the references to national or international standards.

We discuss amplitudes for elastic nucleon-nucleon scattering at high energy. The helicity-conserving amplitudes are modeled using a combination of the quark-interchange and the Landshoff mechanisms of perturbative QCD. The relative normalization of these two sets of amplitudes involves a leading order form factor'' which we determine empirically. Our theoretically motivated amplitudes provide an economical description of a large body of existing data and make nontrivial predictions for spin observables. 8 refs., 4 figs.

The HYLIFE-2 inertial fusion power plant design study uses a liquid fall, in the form of jets to protect the first structural wall from neutron damage, x rays, and blast to provide a 30-y lifetime. HYLIFE-1 used liquid lithium. HYLIFE 2 avoids the fire hazard of lithium by using a molten salt composed of fluorine, lithium, and beryllium (Li{sub 2}BeF{sub 4}) called Flibe. Access for heavy-ion beams is provided. Calculations for assumed heavy-ion beam performance show a nominal gain of 70 at 5 MJ producing 350 MJ, about 5.2 times less yield than the 1.8 GJ from a driver energy of 4.5 MJ with gain of 400 for HYLIFE-1. The nominal 1 GWe of power can be maintained by increasing the repetition rate by a factor of about 5.2, from 1.5 to 8 Hz. A higher repetition rate requires faster re-establishment of the jets after a shot, which can be accomplished in part by decreasing the jet fall height and increasing the jet flow velocity. Multiple chambers may be required. In addition, although not considered for HYLIFE-1, there is undoubtedly liquid splash that must be forcibly cleared because gravity is too slow, especially at high repetition rates. Splash removal can …

New equations for continuous, operational interpolation on four plates in rectangular array are derived. The equations can be applied to the interpretation of experimental data. Other topics include convergence of operational formulas and extrapolation by operational methods. 11 refs.

Work has continued on characterizing the kinetics of lignin peroxidases and has now expanded to include the chemistry of Mn peroxidases. Progress in these two area in addition to the authors work on the molecular biology of lignin biodegradation is briefly described below. Copies of two reprints and one preprint which have resulted from the work are attached.

The design of the heavy-ion beam and the HYLIFE-II reactor chamber interface must provide final focusing quadruple triplets, neutron shielding, fast shutters, vapor condensation and pumping, thermal insulation, and blast resistant structures. The smallest half angle encompassing all beams striking the target might be {plus minus}14{degrees} for an array of 4 {times} 4 beams or {plus minus}9{degrees} if the four corner beams are eliminated, giving a 12-beam array. The target gain drops considerably from the 0{degree} published values because of this finite angle. The assumed one-sided irradiation reduces the number of bending magnets. A 350-MJ yield might be achieved with a 6-MJ driver (gain of 58) (nominal 1000 MWe net power with a repetition rate of 8 Hz). For either lower repetition rate or lower gain the yield must be increased by increasing the driver energy. The beam ports are protected from radiation by an array of vertical and horizontal, neutronically-thick, liquid jets. 6 refs., 7 figs.

Oscillating liquid flow in a falling molten salt inertial confinement fusion reactor is predicted to rapidly clear driver beam paths of residual liquid droplets. Oscillating flow will also provide adequate neutron and x-ray protection for the reactor structure with a short (2-m) fall distance permitting an 8 Hz repetition rate. A reactor chamber configuration is presented with specific features to clear the entire heavy-ion beam path of splashed molten salt. The structural components, including the structure between beam ports, are shielded. 3 refs., 12 figs.

This document is the February 14, 1990 version of the LLNL Waste Minimization Program Plan (WMPP). The Waste Minimization Policy field has undergone continuous changes since its formal inception in the 1984 HSWA legislation. The first LLNL WMPP, Revision A, is dated March 1985. A series of informal revision were made on approximately a semi-annual basis. This Revision 2 is the third formal issuance of the WMPP document. EPA has issued a proposed new policy statement on source reduction and recycling. This policy reflects a preventative strategy to reduce or eliminate the generation of environmentally-harmful pollutants which may be released to the air, land surface, water, or ground water. In accordance with this new policy new guidance to hazardous waste generators on the elements of a Waste Minimization Program was issued. In response to these policies, DOE has revised and issued implementation guidance for DOE Order 5400.1, Waste Minimization Plan and Waste Reduction reporting of DOE Hazardous, Radioactive, and Radioactive Mixed Wastes, final draft January 1990. This WMPP is formatted to meet the current DOE guidance outlines. The current WMPP will be revised to reflect all of these proposed changes when guidelines are established. Updates, changes and revisions to the …

The DoD Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) Test Network (CTN) is conducting tests of the military standard for the Automated interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1840A, and its companion suite of specifications. The primary purpose of the CTN is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CALS standards for technical data interchange and to demonstrate the capability and operational suitability of these standards. This test was conducted to allow GTX to demonstrate their ability to generated a MIL-R-28002 data file. The objective was to evaluate their interpretation of the MIL-R-28002 standard thereby assist the CTN in substantiating the validity of the standards or recommending changes to these standards and the references to national or international standards.

The present status of hadron collider physics is reviewed. The total cross section for {bar p} + p has been measured at 1.8 TeV: {sigma}{sub tot} = 72.1 {plus minus} 3.3 mb. New data confirm the UA2 observation of W/Z {yields} {bar q}q. Precision measurements of M{sub W} by UA2 and CDF give an average value M{sub W} = 80.13 {plus minus} 0.30 GeV/c{sup 2}. When combined with measurements of M{sub Z} from LEP and SLC this number gives sin{sup 2}{theta}{sub W} = 0.227 {plus minus} 0.006, or m{sub top} = 130{sub {minus}60}{sup +40} GeV/c{sup 2} from the EWK radiative correction term {Delta}r. Evidence for hadron colliders as practical sources of b quarks has been strengthened, while searches for t quarks have pushed the mass above M{sub W}: m{sub top} > 89 GeV/c{sup 2} 95% cl (CDF Preliminary). Searches beyond the standard model based on the missing E{sub T} signature have not yet produced any positive results. Future prospects for the discovery of the top quark in the range m{sub top} < 200 GeV/c{sup 2} look promising. 80 refs., 35 figs., 7 tabs.

We wish to describe a method for formulating, on the lattice, field theories that contain Dirac particles with chiral couplings to gauge fields. As is well-known, the most straight-forward lattice transcription of the continuum action for a Dirac particle leads to the doubling problem: for every particle of a given chirality in the continuum theory, there appear on the lattice, in d dimensions, 2{sup d} particles, with equal numbers of particles of left- and right-handed chirality. No-go theorems, state that it is impossible to eliminate the doubling problem and still maintain an exact chiral gauge symmetry. Rather than follow an approach that attempts to circumvent the no-go theorems we, instead, explore the possibility of abandoning exact chiral symmetry.

It is becoming clearer with time that non-locality of the nucleon-nucleon interaction can play a significant role in nuclear properties. In this talk we review evidence for such non-locality. Then, using a Gaussian interaction, we discuss the effect of non-locality on two body matrix elements in the nuclear shell model. Finally, we mention some applications. For example, non-locality leads to faster convergence of off-diagonal matrix elements.

The HYLIFE-2 inertial fusion power plant design study uses a liquid fall, in the form of jets to protect the first structural wall from neutron damage, x rays, and blast to provide a 30-y lifetime. HYLIFE-1 used liquid lithium. HYLIFE 2 avoids the fire hazard of lithium by using a molten salt composed of fluorine, lithium, and beryllium (Li{sub 2}BeF{sub 4}) called Flibe. Access for heavy-ion beams is provided. Calculations for assumed heavy-ion beam performance show a nominal gain of 70 at 5 MJ producing 350 MJ, about 5.2 times less yield than the 1.8 GJ from a driver energy of 4.5 MJ with gain of 400 for HYLIFE-1. The nominal 1 GWe of power can be maintained by increasing the repetition rate by a factor of about 5.2, from 1.5 to 8 Hz. A higher repetition rate requires faster re-establishment of the jets after a shot, which can be accomplished in part by decreasing the jet fall height and increasing the jet flow velocity. Multiple chambers may be required. In addition, although not considered for HYLIFE-1, there is undoubtedly liquid splash that must be forcibly cleared because gravity is too slow, especially at high repetition rates. Splash removal can …

The DoD Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) Test Network (CTN) is conducting tests of the military standard for the Automated interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1804A, and its companion suite of specifications. The CTN is a DoD sponsored confederation of voluntary participants from industry and government, managed by the Air Force Logistics Command. The primary purpose of the CTN is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CALS standards for technical data interchange and to demonstrate the capability and operational suitability of these standards. To this end, testing should represent the systems and applications in use by a large number of participants. Sampling a wide cross section of industry and government will gain feedback on the various interpretations of the standards and broaden the base of industry participation in the CALS initiative. This test was conducted to allow Formtek to demonstrate their ability to generated a MIL-R-28002 data file. The objective was to evaluate their interpretation of the MIL-R-28002 standard thereby assist the CTN in substantiating the validity of the standards or recommending changes to these standards and the references to national or international standards. Additionally, Quick Short Test Reports (QSTRs) are intended to promote industry and government participation in the …

The anisotropic deformation of foliated and linealed rocks has been investigated, primarily to predict the mechanical response of rocks surrounding buried magma chambers to the stress fields generated by deep drilling. The principal application in this regard has been to evaluate, the scientific feasibility of extracting geothermal energy from buried magma chambers. Our approach has been to perform triaxial extension and compression tests at temperatures and pressures representative of the borehole environment on samples cored along six selected orientations and to fit the data to an orthohombric yield criterion. We have investigated Four-Mile gneiss (a strongly layered gneiss with well defined lineation), a biotite-rich schist, and Westerly granite (using a block oriented with respect to the granite's rift, grain, and hardway). Progress has been made in three areas: the experimental determination of strength anisotropies for the three starting materials, theoretical treatment and modeling of the results, and characterization of fabrics surrounding magma bodies resulting from their diaperic emplacement into shallow portions of the Earth's crust. In addition, results have been obtained for the tensile fracture of quartzite, basal slip and anisotropy of biotite single crystals, and anisotropic flow of bedded rocksalt.

A 250-GHz Cyclotron Auto Resonance Maser (CARM) oscillator has been designed and constructed and will be tested using a 1-kA, 2-MeV electron beam produced by the induction linac at the Accelerator Research Center (ARC) facility of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The oscillator circuit was made to operate in the TE{sub 11} mode at ten times cutoff using waveguide Bragg reflectors to create an external cavity Q of 8000. Theory predicts cavity fill times of less than 30 ns (pulse length) and efficiencies approaching 20% is sufficiently low transverse electron velocity spreads are maintained (2%).

National laboratories have limited resources to devote to the transfer of government-funded technologies to the commercial sector. Companies, too, face resource constraints in their attempt to identify and assimilate innovations which fit with their strategic objectives. For these reasons, persons engaged in technology transfer should attempt to identify laboratory developments which represent the best possible match with industry needs and focus their attention on those technologies which are most likely to make and impact in the marketplace. In a structured approach designed to meet this objective, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, which operates Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Department of Energy, has established formal ties with the University of Tennessee Business School, to enhance the role of marketing for technology transfer. The school's MBA students continue to play a key role in the formulation and execution of plans designed to transform Oak Ridge technologies into new products, new jobs, and economic prosperity for US companies.

This paper discusses lattice automata models for earthquakes and frictional sliding. (JEF)

With increasing environmental concerns regarding the handling and storage of uranium waste, recycling previously used material is becoming exceedingly more important. Carbon is one of the primary trace impurities that builds up in uranium with repeated use. The goal of this study is to reduce carbon in recycled uranium during the casting process to carbon levels associated with virgin uranium derbies. Vacuum-induction casting experiments have demonstrated that hafnium (Hf) additions to unalloyed uranium (U) reduce carbon (C) levels by approximately 80% in up to 6.0 in. in depth in 5 {times} 7 {times} 15 in. (width {times} depth {times} thickness) book mold castings. Analytic modeling of the solidification process was initiated to compare the calculated/predicted thermal profile to the actual experimentally measured temperatures. Temperature profile predictions matched the experimental values at the top of the casting and accurately determined that the predominant heat loss is out of the bottom of the book mold assembly. However, the model overpredicts the temperature half way down the length of the casting. The boundary heat transfer coefficient at the bottom of the casting needs to be more accurately simulated. 4 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

This paper discusses work being conducted in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics where theory and experiment go hand in hand. Pion capture, proton-antiproton interactions, kaon-pion interactions and hypernuclei decay are discussed as examples. (LSP)