Measurements of uptake of tritium by humans and laboratory animals following exposure to tritiated hydrogen gas, HT, suggest that the radiotoxicity of HT is four orders of magnitude less than that of tritiated water, HTO. However, this analysis does not take into account the conversion of HT into HTO following release into the environment. Experimental releases of HT have demonstrated that HT release to the environment is converted to HTO by soil microorganisms. In this report two methods are used to estimate the effect of HT to HTO conversion on the inhalation dose of individuals exposed to tritium downwind of a release of HT. From this analysis it is predicted that the ratio of dose from inhalation of tritium following an atmospheric release of HT, as compared to inhalation of HTO, is closer to 0.01 than the 0.0001 attributed to simple HT inhalation. Under meteorologic conditions which keep the HT release near the surface and promote optimum soil microbial activity, the analysis suggests that the ratio of dose from an atmospheric HT release could be as high as 25% of that from an atmospheric HTO release.

Doses to offsite individuals and at-risk populations from Savannah River Site (SRS) releases for the period 1954--1989 have been estimated. These data have been generated in response to questions regarding the overall impact of SRS operations on the offsite environment. These data are comprehensive in the sense-that all known measured and calculated atmospheric and liquid release values have been included in the assessment. This work should not be interpreted as a formal dose reconstruction as current sites-specific-data used. Three key assumptions were for these doses which affect their interpretation: (1) persons in the at-risk populations were assumed to have remained at their designated locations continuously from 1954--1989, (2) it was assumed that these individuals will live for years following 1989, and (3) the Beaufort-Jasper water treatment plant was assumed to have operated continually since 1954 even though operations actually began in 1965. Dose estimates for several at-risk individuals and populations are listed in Table 4. A comparison of the doses from the SRS and other sources of ionizing radiation in the environment has also been included.

Current criteria for criticality safety for spent fuel shipping and storage casks are conservative because no credit is permitted for the effects of burnup of the fuel inside the cask. Cask designs that will transport and store large numbers of fuel assemblies (20 or more) must devote a substantial part of their payload to criticality control measures if they are to meet this criteria. The Department of Energy is developing the data necessary to support safety analyses that incorporate the effects of burnup for the next generation of spent fuel shipping casks. The efforts described here are devoted to the development of acceptance criteria that will be the basis for accepting safety analyses. Preliminary estimates of the uncertainties of the effects of burnup have been developed to provide a basis for the consideration of critically safety criteria. The criticality safety margins in a spent fuel shipping or storage cask are dominated by the portions of a fuel assembly that are in low power regions of a reactor core, and the reactor operating conditions are very different from spent fuel storage or transport cask conditions. Consequently, the experience that has been gathered during years of reactor operation does not apply directly …

We are designing a Bragg crystal polarimeter for the focal plane of the SODART telescope on the Spectrum-X-Gamma mission. A mosaic graphite crystal will be oriented at 45{degree} to the optic axis of the telescope, thereby preferentially reflecting those x-rays which satisfy the Bragg condition and have electric vectors that are perpendicular to the plane defined by the incident and reflected photons. The reflected x-rays will be detected by an imaging proportional counter with the image providing direct x-ray aspect information. The crystal will be {approx}50 {mu}m thick to allow x-rays with energies {ge}4 keV to be transmitted to a lithium block mounted below the graphite. The lithium is used to measure the polarization of these high energy x-rays by exploiting the polarization dependence of Thomson scattering. The development of thin mosaic graphite crystals is discussed and recent reflectivity, transmission, and uniformity measurements are presented. 8 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.

This booklet contains statistical information on demand, supply, production, and price of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy sources. (JEF)

A kinetic inductance thermometer is applied to x-ray calorimetry, and its operation over a wide range of frequencies and geometries is discussed. Three amplifier configurations are described, one using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifier, another incorporating an FET amplifier in an amplitude modulated system, and the third, using a tunnel diode frequency modulated oscillator circuit. The predicted performance of each configuration is presented. 13 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

The Winter Fuels Report is intended to provide concise, timely information to the industry, the press, policymakers, consumers, analysts, and state and local governments on the following topics: distillate fuel oil net production, imports and stocks for all PADD's and product supplied on a US level; propane net production, imports and stocks for Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD) I, II, and III; natural gas supply and disposition and underground storage for the United States and consumption for all PADD's; residential and wholesale pricing data for propane and heating oil for those states participating in the joint Energy Information Administration (EIA)/State Heating Oil and Propane Program; crude oil and petroleum price comparisons for the United States and selected cities; and US total heating degree-days by city. This report will be published weekly by the EIA starting the first week in October 1990 and will continue until the first week in April 1991. 27 figs., 12 tabs.

Doses to offsite individuals and at-risk populations from Savannah River Site (SRS) releases for the period 1954--1989 have been estimated. These data have been generated in response to questions regarding the overall impact of SRS operations on the offsite environment. These data are comprehensive in the sense-that all known measured and calculated atmospheric and liquid release values have been included in the assessment. This work should not be interpreted as a formal dose reconstruction as current sites-specific-data used. Three key assumptions were for these doses which affect their interpretation: (1) persons in the at-risk populations were assumed to have remained at their designated locations continuously from 1954--1989, (2) it was assumed that these individuals will live for years following 1989, and (3) the Beaufort-Jasper water treatment plant was assumed to have operated continually since 1954 even though operations actually began in 1965. Dose estimates for several at-risk individuals and populations are listed in Table 4. A comparison of the doses from the SRS and other sources of ionizing radiation in the environment has also been included.

We report on the current of our work on x-ray microcalorimeters for use as high resolution x-ray spectrometers. To maximize the x-ray collecting area and the signal to noise ratio, the total heat capacity of the device must be minimized. This is best achieved if the calorimeter is divided into two components, a thermal sensor and an x-ray absorber. The thermal sensor is a neutron transmutation doped (NTD) germanium resistor made as small as possible to minimize the heat capacity of the calorimeter. The thermistor can be attached to a thin x-ray absorber with large area and low heat capacity fabricated from superconducting materials such as niobium. We discuss results from our most recent studies of such superconducting absorbers and present the x-ray spectra obtained with these composite microcalorimeters at a temperature of 0.1 K. An energy resolution of 19 eV FWHM has been measured. 14 refs., 3 figs.

The initial development work on a dielectric microcalorimeter is presented. It focuses on the dielectric properties of the ferroelectric material KTa{sub 1-x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 3} (KTN). Measurements of the temperature dependent dielectric constant are given together with the first alpha particle detection results from a prototype composite microcalorimeter operating at 1.3 K. a non-thermal mechanism for detecting 6 MeV alpha particles in a monolithic KTN sample is also reported. 7 refs, 16 figs., 1 tab.

The EPM is prepared by the Electric Power Division; Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels, Energy Information Administration (EIA), Department of Energy. This publication provides monthly statistics at the national, Census division, and State levels for net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and quality of fuel, electricity sales, and average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold. Data on net generation are also displayed at the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) region level. Additionally, company and plant level information are published in the EPM on capability of new plants, net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and quality of fuel, and cost of fuel. Quantity, quality, and cost of fuel data lag the net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, electricity sales, and average revenue per kilowatthour data by 1 month. This difference in reporting appears in the national, Census division, and State level tables. However, at the plant level, all statistics presented are for the earlier month for the purpose of comparison. 40 tabs.

I show that two spin rotators 180{degree} apart may be desirable for the repetitive Stern-Gerlach effect. I also calculate the effect of depolarization resonance on the repetitive Stern-Gerlach effect. It is shown that to first order in resonance strength, we can avoid the imperfection resonance if the energy of the beam is at G{gamma} = n + 1/2. The time available for accumulating the Stern-Gerlach kick is then limited by the intrinsic resonance. 5 refs., 1 fig.

This report presents a method for calculating containment test leakage rates of radionuclides from an example spent fuel cask. Three releasable radioactive sources are considered: residual contamination in the cask cavity, crud on the fuel elements, and the radionuclides within the fuel rods. The ANSI N14.5 standard is used to calculate the test leakage rates from the maximum permissible releases determined from 10 CFR 71 containment requirements. 6 refs., 2 tabs.

The lead in most aspects of research reactor design and use passed from the USA about 15 years ago, soon after the construction of the HFIR and HFBR. The Europeans have consistently upgraded and improved their existing facilities and have built new ones including the HFR at Grenoble and ORPHEE at Saclay. They studied ultra-high flux concepts ({approximately}10{sup 20}/m{sup {minus}2}{center dot}s{sup {minus}1}) about 10 years ago, and are in the design phase of a new, highly efficient medium flux reactor to be built at Garching, near Munich in Germany. A visit was made to Interatom, the firm -- the equivalent of the Architect/Engineer for the ANS project -- responsible, under contract to the Technical University of Munich, for the new Munich reactor design. There are many similarities to the ANS design, and we reviewed and discussed technical and safety aspects of the two reactors. A request was made for some new, hitherto proprietary, experimental data on reactor thermal hydraulics and cooling that will be very valuable to the ANS project. I presented a seminar on the ANS project. A visit was made to Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe and knowledge was gained from Dr. Kuchle, a true pioneer of ultra-high flux reactor concepts, …

In this paper complex adaptive systems are defined by a self- referential loop in which objects encode functions that act back on these objects. A model for this loop is presented. It uses a simple recursive formal language, derived from the lambda-calculus, to provide a semantics that maps character strings into functions that manipulate symbols on strings. The interaction between two functions, or algorithms, is defined naturally within the language through function composition, and results in the production of a new function. An iterated map acting on sets of functions and a corresponding graph representation are defined. Their properties are useful to discuss the behavior of a fixed size ensemble of randomly interacting functions. This function gas'', or Turning gas'', is studied under various conditions, and evolves cooperative interaction patterns of considerable intricacy. These patterns adapt under the influence of perturbations consisting in the addition of new random functions to the system. Different organizations emerge depending on the availability of self-replicators.

Until 1988, solutions containing nitric acid, odium hydroxide, low levels of radionuclides (mostly tritiated water) and some metals were discharged to unlined seepage basins at the F and H Areas of the Savannah River Site (SRS) as part of normal operations. The basins are now being closed according to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCA). As part of the closure, a Part B Post-Closure Care Permit is being prepared. The Part B permit requires information on contaminant concentrations in stream bed sediments in the adjacent Four Mile Creek, which are reported herein. 5 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Measurements of uptake of tritium by humans and laboratory animals following exposure to tritiated hydrogen gas, HT, suggest that the radiotoxicity of HT is four orders of magnitude less than that of tritiated water, HTO. However, this analysis does not take into account the conversion of HT into HTO following release into the environment. Experimental releases of HT have demonstrated that HT release to the environment is converted to HTO by soil microorganisms. In this report two methods are used to estimate the effect of HT to HTO conversion on the inhalation dose of individuals exposed to tritium downwind of a release of HT. From this analysis it is predicted that the ratio of dose from inhalation of tritium following an atmospheric release of HT, as compared to inhalation of HTO, is closer to 0.01 than the 0.0001 attributed to simple HT inhalation. Under meteorologic conditions which keep the HT release near the surface and promote optimum soil microbial activity, the analysis suggests that the ratio of dose from an atmospheric HT release could be as high as 25% of that from an atmospheric HTO release.

None

The author visited the facility to gain an insight in the experience of the LAr filling of the SLD Barrel and North End Cap, and the cooldown of the South End Cap. Cryogenic commissioning began mid-September, 1989, and continued to Cooldown, January 3, 1990. Cryogenic commissioning followed the construction and installation of the piping. The checkout was serial and problems found 'as we were going along'. There was a clear message to work in parallel and certify subsystems in advance of their need. Typical problems were VJ line external bellows and ball valves that were not He leak tight. The early preparations concentrated on the relief (singular) of the LAr 100,000 I dewar (sound familiar?). About one month was lost to the refurbishing of valves. After commissioning the dewar they accepted four LAr transfers for a total of 15,000 gallons, each in the range of 0.4-0.6 ppm O{sub 2} measurement with equipment accurate to +/- 0.1 ppm. As I watched, tests were concluding that qualified the Barrel calorimeter as having LAr with 0.6 +/- 0.1 ppm O{sub 2} to the delight of those making the measurement. There was real satisfaction in the recent HV measurement that only 55 of 40,000 …

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) will be dedicated to basic research in Nuclear Physics using electrons and photons as projectiles. The accelerator configuration allows three nearly continuous beams to be delivered simultaneously in three experimental halls, which will be equipped with complementary sets of instruments: Hall A--two high resolution magnetic spectrometers; Hall B--a large acceptance magnetic spectrometer; Hall C--a high-momentum, moderate resolution, magnetic spectrometer and a variety of more dedicated instruments. This report contains a short description of the initial complement of experimental equipment to be installed in each of the three halls.

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Whether the board's composition violates article XVI, section 30a, of the Texas Constitution.

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Whether, in a specific fact situation in Galveston County, certain submerged real property bordering the Gulf of Mexico, including the unsevered mineral interest, is taxable for ad valorem purposes to the "grantees" of the property or whether such property is owned by the state and is therefore exempt from ad valorem taxation.

Letter opinion issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Authority of an individual county commissioner to act with regard to road maintenance (RQ-1902)