Computing has become evermore central to the doing of high energy physics. There are now major second and third generation experiments for which the largest single cost is computing. At the same time the availability of cheap'' computing has made possible experiments which were previously considered infeasible. The result of this trend has been an explosion of computing and computing needs. I will review here the magnitude of the problem, as seen at Fermilab and SLAC, and the present methods for dealing with it. I will then undertake the dangerous assignment of projecting the needs and solutions forthcoming in the next few years at both laboratories. I will concentrate on the offline'' problem; the process of turning terabytes of data tapes into pages of physics journals. 5 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

This goal is to synthesize a new naphthalene hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound for use in coal combustion studies. na effort will also require the development of a synthetic procedure to synthesize this compound since it is unreported. As a result of our synthesis efforts, a number of potential precursors and Area's Analytical Section for characterization and identification. The synthesis of the pre-Bakefite intermediate has been identified as being key to the evaluation of our synthetic approach to the target compound. During this quarter, we have been reevaluating our synthetic approach while we have begun trying to synthesize this compound. As a result of our reevaluation, we also have been considering slightly modified target compounds which might be obtained by more direct routes or from commercially available materials. We also targeted simplified intermediates which would expedite our evaluation of the feasibility of the Bakelite process for the final polymerization, the key step of our suggested scheme. The results of our simplified model compound will also provide data to help us determine any modifications that will be required.

In this paper we present an overview of the EGS4 Code System -- a general purpose package for the Monte Carlo simulation of the transport of electrons and photons. During the last 10-15 years EGS has been widely used to design accelerators and detectors for high-energy physics. More recently the code has been found to be of tremendous use in medical radiation physics and dosimetry. The problem-solving capabilities of EGS4 will be demonstrated by means of a variety of practical examples. To facilitate this review, we will take advantage of a new add-on package, called SHOWGRAF, to display particle trajectories in complicated geometries. These are shown as 2-D laser pictures in the written paper and as photographic slides of a 3-D high-resolution color monitor during the oral presentation. 11 refs., 15 figs.

The objective of this research is to elucidate the role of various chemical additives on ethanol synthesis over Rh- and Ni-based catalysts. Chemical additives used for this study will include S, P, Ag, Cu, Mn, and Na which have different electronegativities. The effect of additives on the surface state of the catalysts, heat of adsorption of reactant molecules, reaction intermediates, reaction pathways, reaction kinetics, and product distributions is/will be investigated by a series of experimental studies of NO adsorption, reaction probing, study state rate measurement, and transient kinetic study. A better understanding of the role of additive on the synthesis reaction may allow us to use chemical additives to manipulate the catalytic properties of Rh- and Ni-based catalysts for producing high yields of ethanol from syngas.

Top quarks produced in high-energy collisions should exhibit a parity-conserving spin polarization normal to the production plane which can be measured by the asymmetry in their leptonic decays. A portion of this effect, which can be calculated in perturbation theory, is attributable to the quark`s QCD interactions. In addition, there is a component of the polarization due to the Yukawa coupling (g{sub Y} {congruent} m{sub T}/(250 GeV)) of the top quark with the Higgs sector. We can demonstrate the interplay of QCD and Yukawa forces in the polarization for e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} {yields} 4 T{bar T}. Assuming M{sub H} > 2M{sub T} and that the Higgs particle is not discovered before the top quark, measurement of top quark polarization in e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} or hadron-hadron collisions can be used to specify an approximate mass for the Higgs and guide direct searches.

In a process for the co-processing of waste rubber and carbonaceous material to form a useful liquid product, the rubber and the carbonaceous material are combined and heated to the depolymerization temperature of the rubber in the presence of a source of hydrogen. The deploymerized rubber acts as a liquefying solvent for the carbonaceous material while a beneficial catalytic effect is obtained from the carbon black released on deploymerization the reinforced rubber. The reaction is carried out at liquefaction conditions of 380--600{degrees}C and 70--280 atmospheres hydrogen pressure. The resulting liquid is separated from residual solids and further processed such as by distillation or solvent extraction to provide a carbonaceous liquid useful for fuels and other purposes.

A method of fabricating an electrode for use in a metal chloride battery and an electrode are provided. The electrode has relatively larger and more uniform pores than those found in typical electrodes. The fabrication method includes the steps of mixing sodium chloride particles selected from a predetermined size range with metal particles selected from a predetermined size range, and then rigidifying the mixture. The electrode exhibits lower resistivity values of approximately 0.5 {Omega}cm{sup 2} than those resistivity values of approximately 1.0--1.5 {Omega}cm{sup 2} exhibited by currently available electrodes.

Public concern has been expressed about possible health risks arising from exposure to the electric and magnetic fields generated power distribution systems. This project is addressing this concern through a laboratory research program designed to evaluate the effects of brief exposure to known field conditions on multiple measures of human function. In previous research, we found that exposure had statistically significant effects on physiological measures of cardiac and brain activity, and on performance measures of reaction time and performance accuracy. Effects were seen more clearly under intermittent exposure conditions, and at certain levels of electric and magnetic field strength. In this continuation effort, we are performing a series of exploratory studies, to be followed by a confirmatory experiment, to determine if the above physiological effects differ as a function of exposure to the electric and magnetic fields separately and combined, time of day, and rate of intermittent exposure. Further studies will explore the mechanisms underlying these effects. The information developed in this project will be of value in risk assessment activities, and in basic research aimed at identifying specific factors involved in the interaction of power line fields with the human system. In this reporting period our goals were to: …

This goal is to synthesize a new naphthalene hydroxynaphthalene polymer model compound for use in coal combustion studies. na effort will also require the development of a synthetic procedure to synthesize this compound since it is unreported. As a result of our synthesis efforts, a number of potential precursors and Area`s Analytical Section for characterization and identification. The synthesis of the pre-Bakefite intermediate has been identified as being key to the evaluation of our synthetic approach to the target compound. During this quarter, we have been reevaluating our synthetic approach while we have begun trying to synthesize this compound. As a result of our reevaluation, we also have been considering slightly modified target compounds which might be obtained by more direct routes or from commercially available materials. We also targeted simplified intermediates which would expedite our evaluation of the feasibility of the Bakelite process for the final polymerization, the key step of our suggested scheme. The results of our simplified model compound will also provide data to help us determine any modifications that will be required.

FSARs. Rockwell International, as operating contractor at the Rocky Flats plant, conducted a safety analysis program during the 1980s. That effort resulted in Final Safety Analysis Reports (FSARs) for several buildings, one of them being the Building 707 Final Safety Analysis Report, June 87 (707FSAR) and a Plant Safety Analysis Report. Rocky Flats Risk Assessment Guide, March 1985 (RFRAG85) documents the methodologies that were used for those FSARs. Resources available for preparation of those Rocky Flats FSARs were very limited. After addressing the more pressing safety issues, some of which are described below, the present contractor (EG&G) intends to conduct a program of upgrading the FSARs. This report presents the results of a review of the methodologies described in RFRAG85 and 707FSAR and contains suggestions that might be incorporated into the methodology for the FSAR upgrade effort.

The differential cross section of the process p + pbar {yields} jet + jet + X as a function of the dijet invariant mass has been measured with the CDF detector at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV at the Tevatron Collider in Fermilab. The present analysis is based on the sample of events collected in the 1988/89 run, amounting to a total integrated luminosity of 4.2 pb{sup {minus}1}. A comparison to leading order QCD and quark compositeness predictions is presented as well as a study of the sensitivity of the mass spectrum to the gluon radiation. 10 refs., 6 figs.

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The Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) at LLNL is studying the physics of intense pulse ECH is a high-density tokamak plasma using a microwave FEL. Related technology development includes the FEL, a windowless quasi-optical transmission system, and other microwave components. Initial plasma experiments have been carried out at 140 GHz with single rf pulses generated using the ETA-II accelerator and the ELF wiggler. Peak power levels up to 0.2 GW and pulse durations up to 10 ns were achieved for injection into the plasma using as untapered wiggler. FEL pulses were transmitted over 33 m from the FEL to MTX using six mirrors mounted in a 50-cm-diam evacuated pipe. Measurements of the microwave beam and transmission through the plasma were carried out. For future rapid pulse experiments at high average power (4 GW peak power, 5kHz pulse rate, and {bar P} > 0.5 MW) using the IMP wiggler with tapered magnetic field, a gyrotron (140 GHz, 400 kW cw or up to 1 MW short pulse) is being installed to drive the FEL input or to directly heat the tokamak plasma at full gyrotron power. Quasi-optic techniques will be used to couple the gyrotron power. For direct plasma heating, the gyrotron …

The original Environmental Impact Statement for the DWPF was issued in 1982. Since that time, estimated releases of radioactivity to the environment have changed because of the DWPF process. In addition, the methodology for calculating offsite doses from routine releases has changed. In anticipation of a potential supplement to the 1982 EIS, current dosimetry methodology has been used to estimate offsite doses from the current as-constructed estimate of radioactivity releases. Offsite doses have also been calculated for the radioactivity release data published in the 1982 EIS using current dosimetry methodology. The two data sets may therefore be used to compare the estimated original and current impacts. This memorandum documents the results of the offsite dose calculations for routine operation of the DWPF. Also included is a brief description of methodology and parameters used in the calculations. 8 refs., 2 figs., 10 tabs.

Periodic bulletin analyzing issues related to Texas legislation. This issue focuses on property values in Texas.

Battelle is undertaking engineering development of an advanced process for the dewatering of fine and ultrafine coals. The advanced process, called Electroacoustic Dewatering (EAD), capitalizes on the adaptation of synergistic effects of electric and acoustic fields to commercial coal dewatering systems, such as belt filter presses. The Battelle project for demonstrating the potential for commercial application of the EAD process for coal has the following objectives: to validate the expected technical feasibility and energy conservation/economic benefits of the EAD process as applied to fine ({minus}100 mesh) and ultrafine ({minus}325 mesh) coal; and to obtain data from a continuous, process research unit (PRU) in order to conduct a reliable economic analysis and to design commercial EAD filters as well as to promote adaptation of the process by the coal preparation industry. Progress is discussed. 4 figs.

The optimum linear stationary second-degree iterative method for solving linear systems of equations is not as good in general as the optimum semi-iterative method. However, for a suitable choice of parameters, the rate of convergence of the stationary method is very nearly as good as that of the semi-iterative method. The authors present a straightforward determination of these optimum parameter values and the asymptotic rate of convergence.

The US Department of Energy selected the Battelle-Electric Power Research Institute-Science Applications International Corporation team to evaluate and develop on-line slurry ash, percent solids, and sulfur analysis instrumentation and process control technology. The project's objectives were (1) to develop an accurate, versatile, easy to use, on-line coal slurry analyzer and (2) to develop control strategies for analysis, control, and optimization of advanced and conventional coal-cleaning plant. The project's scope included (1) the installation of a slurry test loop, ash, percent solids, and sulfur instruments; (2) evaluation of instrument accuracy with various coals, under various slurry conditions; and (3) assessment of the cost and benefits to be derived from on-line analysis and control 12 refs., 40 figs., 16 tabs.