Continuing studies of plutonium recovery from direct oxide reduction (DOR) and electrorefining (ER) pyrochemical process residues show that chloride anion exchange coprocessing is useful and effective. Coprocessing utilizes DOR residue salt as a reagent to supply the bulk of chloride ion needed for the chloride anion exchange process and to improve ER residue salt solubility. ER residue salt and ER scrapeout can be successfully treated, either alone or together, using coprocessing. In addition, chloride anion exchange at 2.0M acidity results in improved process performance by greatly reducing disproportionation of plutonium(IV), eliminating restrictions on oxidation time compared to operation at 1.0M acidity. Laboratory-scale experiments show that below-discard effluent plutonium losses are obtained. Resin capacity was 30 g Pu/{ell} or greater. Furthermore, it is feasible to perform chloride anion exchange recovery of plutonium from filtrate resulting from precipitation of dicesium hexachloroplutonate (Cs{sub 2}PuCl{sub 6}, an oxidant salt to be used in the molten salt extraction process) and integration of its preparation with recovery of DOR salts. 10 refs., 9 figs., 10 tabs.

The purpose of this document is to describe some recent changes made to the PRAISE Code to provide some additional capabilities. The major changes are associated with the new capability to analyze cases where there is a mid-life change in residual stresses and/or water chemistry. Such changes have been proposed as a means of improving the reliability of BWR piping by reducing the oxygen content of the coolant (or other favorable chemistry changes) or altering the residual stresses near welds to provide a stress distribution less favorable to crack initiation and growth. Induction heating stress improvement (IHSI) and mechanical stress improvement process (MSIP) are considered, with the time at which the process is implemented defined by the user. As-welded residual stresses are considered to be present prior to the stress imrovement treatment. Improved pre- and post-processors were also developed and are described, which should be particularly useful to users of the PC version of PRAISE. In addition, improved J-integral solutions are incorporated that allow a treatment of general Ramberg-Osgood strain hardening, rather than the specific values of the strain hardening exponent included in earlier versions of the PRAISE Code. This document discusses only the new additions to the code and …

The project objectives are (1) to measure the effect of devolatilization temperature and time on properties of the char and (2) characterize and quantify the effect of thermal annealing on char reactivity during char burnout under conditions of pulverized combustion. Coal devolatilization runs continued during the reporting period. Elemental analysis and N{sub 2} BET surface areas measurements were carried out on the three chars produced in the devolatilization runs. The results are presented. Experiments in the electrodynamic balance during the reporting period were focused on developing ways to measure the particle mass loss and, therefore, the reaction rate directly. This work is summarized in the attached Appendix. 4 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

We have used synchrotron radiation photoemission to probe the valence and core level electronic structure of compound-semiconductor monodisperse clusters (nanocrystals). These clusters exhibited a 10% or less variation relative to the mean diameter and were attached to the metal substrates via alkane chains. Direct evidence of gap broadening due to size variation in CdS clusters was observed. The novel utilization of alkane chain attachment is the key to eliminating the otherwise debilitating problem of sample charging, as occurs with powders. The quality of sample preparation was confirmed by other methods such as transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction. This work provides a direct link between photoemission studies of expitaxial ultra-thin films of compound semiconductors, the photon-spectroscopy measurements of cluster powders and the existing theories of quantum confinement in reduced dimensionality structures. 5 refs., 2 figs.

The goal of the Fall Removal Experiment 1987 was to determine the processes affecting the dependent and fate of low salinity coastal water and of biological material therein during fall when winds are mainly south-to westward. Five zooplankton taxa, Acartia tonsa, (A. tonsa) Paracalanus species (sp), Temora turbinata (T. turbinata), Oncaea sp, and Sagitta enflata were examined. Data on the distribution of all five taxa were presented, and distribution over time was also studied. The abundance of A. tonsa decreased tenfold over the 13 day sampling period, Paracalanus varied twofold and T. Turbinata showed little variability. The A. tonsa decrease was postulated to result from food abundance or predation, although the possible role of size distribution, water displacement and chlorophyll distribution will be examined in the future. A possible role of turbulence in zooplankton abundance is being examined. 8 refs., 5 figs.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific probes enables several new areas of cytogenetic investigation by allowing visual determination of the presence and normality of specific genetic sequences in single metaphase or interphase cells. in this approach, termed molecular cytogenetics, the genetic loci to be analyzed are made microscopically visible in single cells using in situ hybridization with nucleic acid probes specific to these loci. To accomplish this, the DNA in the target cells is made single stranded by thermal denaturation and incubated with single-stranded, chemically modified probe under conditions where the probe will anneal only with DNA sequences to which it has high DNA sequence homology. The bound probe is then made visible by treatment with a fluorescent reagent such as fluorescein that binds to the chemical modification carried by the probe. The DNA to which the probe does not bind is made visible by staining with a dye such as propidium iodide that fluoresces at a wavelength different from that of the reagent used for probe visualization. We show in this report that probes are now available that make this technique useful for biological dosimetry, prenatal diagnosis and cancer biology. 31 refs., 3 figs.

At the Nova Laser, the activation of a rubidium tracer incorporated in the shell of ICF targets has become a standard diagnostic technique for measuring the compressed shell areal density {l angle}{rho}{Delta}R{r angle}. The isotope {sup 85}Rb is activated by 14 MeV implosion neutrons to produce the isomer {sup 84m}Rb(t{sub {1/2}} = 20.5 min) which is used to determine the shell {l angle}{rho}{Delta}R{r angle} while the radioactive isotope {sup 86}Rb(t{sub 1/2} = 18.8 d) is used to determine the fraction of target debris collected as well as to assay the amount of rubidium in the target. The {sup 85}Rb(n,2n){sup 84m}Rb cross-section at 14.1 MeV was measured ({sigma} = 0.514 {plus minus} 0.080 b). Details of the detector system and experimental technique are given. 12 refs., 2 tabs.

A simulation code for beam-beam deflections and beamstrahlung fluxes for tilted and elliptic beams is presented. Some qualitative features of beamstrahlung scans are discussed. 8 refs., 11 figs.

We have calculated the resonant transfer and excitation cross sections in collisions of U{sup q+} (q = 82, 89, 90) ion with H{sub 2}, He and C in impulse approximation using the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock method. The calculations were carried out in intermediate coupling with configuration interaction. The quantum electrodynamic and finite nuclear size corrections were included in the calculations of transition energies. The Auger rates were calculated including the contributions from Coulomb as well as the transverse Breit interactions. For U{sup 89+} and U{sup 90+}, effects of relatively not only shift the peak positions but also change the peak structure. The total dielectronic recombination strength has been found to increase by 50% due to the effects of relativity. The present theoretical RTEX cross sections for U{sup 90+} in hydrogen agree well with experiment. For U{sup 82+}, Breit interaction had been found to have little effect on the RTEX cross sections involving L-shell excitation. However, the spin-orbit interaction can still make significant change in the peak structure. 24 refs., 4 figs.

Using two argon-ion lasers to pump a CW Ti:Sapphire laser we have demonstrated consistent high power (19 watts) operation with a low order spatial mode. Thermal lensing effects were controlled by enclosing the laser in a vacuum and cooling the rod with liquid nitrogen. Using this laser we also demonstrated a CW Ti:Sapphire amplifier with an efficiency of 20%. 5 refs., 5 figs.

Work done during this period (December 15, 1989 to March 14, 1990) covered two of the three primary areas of study of this project. The first involved the continuing development a of step-scanning interferometer for the photoacoustic depth-profiling of materials whose composition varies in the spatial region between 5 and 50 {mu}m from its surface. The second covered the initial construction of an on-line interface between a supercritical fluid chromatograph (SFC) and a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer for monitoring the composition of coal extracts. 5 refs., 8 figs.

At the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) pulses of protons accelerated in a synchrotron produce pulses of fast neutrons via the spallation process in an enriched uranium target. After moderation, the resulting pulses of slow neutrons are directed into beams which serve a variety of neutron scattering instruments. Currently there are thirteen neutron scattering instruments in operation or under development at IPNS, and six of these use position-sensitive neutron detectors (PSDs). These PSDs are: a 30 cm {times} 30 cm, {approximately}3 mm resolution, neutron Anger camera area PSD with {sup 6}Li-glass scintillator; a 2.5 cm dia, {approximately}0.7 mm resolution, microchannel-plate area PSD with {sup 6}Li-glass scintillator; a 20 cm {times} 20 cm, {approximately}5 mm resolution, {sup 3}He proportional counter area PSD; a 40 cm {times} 40 cm, {approximately}4 mm resolution, {sup 3}He proportional counter area PSD; a flat 20 cm long, {approximately}1.6 mm resolution, {sup 3}He proportional counter linear PSD; and 160 cylindrical {sup 3}He proportional counter linear PSDs, each of which is 1.27 cm in dia 60 cm long and has {approximately}14 mm resolution. These detectors, in addition to being position-sensitive, resolve the time of the neutron capture with {approximately}1 {mu}s precision for neutron time-of-flight measurements. This paper will …

DOE is employing the principle of comparability with the NRC requirements to guide its safety program. Since the safety record of research reactors licensed by the NRC has been established and accepted, the comparison of DOE Orders applicable to DOE research reactors with the NRC regulations applicable to research reactors would identify strengths and weaknesses of the DOE Orders. The comparison was made in 14 general topics of safety which are labeled Areas of Safety Concerns. This paper focuses on the Area of accident analysis and safety review and presents recommendations in these areas. 12 refs.

BIOMOVS (BIOspheric MOdel Validation Study) is an international cooperative study initiated in 1985 by the Swedish National Institute of Radiation Protection to test models designed to calculate the environmental transfer and bioaccumulation of radionuclides and other trace substances. The objective of the symposium and workshop was to synthesize results obtained during Phase 1 of BIOMOVS (the first five years of the study) and to suggest new directions that might be pursued during Phase 2 of BIOMOVS. The travelers were an instrumental part of the development of BIOMOVS. This symposium allowed the travelers to present a review of past efforts at model validation and a synthesis of current activities and to refine ideas concerning future development of models and data for assessing the fate, effect, and human risks of environmental contaminants. R. H. Gardner also visited the Free University, Amsterdam, and the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) in Bilthoven to confer with scientists about current research in theoretical ecology and the use of models for estimating the transport and effect of environmental contaminants and to learn about the European efforts to map critical loads of acid deposition.

An increase in the number of copper plumbing failures at Mound prompted a thorough analysis of the failed components. Most of the components were elbow joints. All of these parts exhibited the same type of accelerated deterioration. The failed parts were analyzed optically and by scanning electron microscopy. Water chemistry, solder, and soldering fluxes were evaluated to determine their possible roles in the accelerated attack. Cross-sectioning of the elbow joints revealed residual soldering flux and cutting burrs on the inside of the elbows. Water analysis showed Mound's water was rated as corrosive. Recommendations for improved workmanship and design are presented. Testing of potable water at a regular basis was also recommended. 8 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

We have used high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy to investigate inner-shell ionization of Cr{sup 21+} ions by electron impact using the Electron Beam Ion Trap at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Our measurements indicate that inner-shell ionization enhances the intensity of the radiative transition 1s2s {sup 3}S{sub 1}{yields}1s{sup 2}{sup 1}S{sub 0}. 7 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

The project on biotechnology of indirect liquefaction was focused on conversion of coal derived synthesis gas to liquid fuels using a two-stage, acidogenic and solventogenic, anaerobic bioconversion process. The acidogenic fermentation used a novel and versatile organism, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, which was fully capable of using CO as the sole carbon and energy source for organic acid production. In extended batch CO fermentations the organism was induced to produce butyrate at the expense of acetate at low pH values. Long-term, steady-state operation was achieved during continuous CO fermentations with this organism, and at low pH values (a pH of 6.0 or less) minor amounts of butanol and ethanol were produced. During continuous, steady-state fermentations of CO with cell recycle, concentrations of mixed acids and alcohols were achieved (approximately 12 g/l and 2 g/l, respectively) which are high enough for efficient conversion in stage two of the indirect liquefaction process. The metabolic pathway to produce 4-carbon alcohols from CO was a novel discovery and is believed to be unique to our CO strain of B. methylotrophicum. In the solventogenic phase, the parent strain ATCC 4259 of Clostridium acetobutylicum was mutagenized using nitrosoguanidine and ethyl methane sulfonate. The E-604 mutant strain of Clostridium …

A systematic approach has been developed and experimentally validated for the sampling and chemical characterization of the rocket motor exhaust generated from the firing of scaled down test motors at the US Army's Signature Characterization Facility (ASCF) at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. The overall strategy was to sample and analyze major exhaust constituents in near real time, while performing off-site analyses of samples collected for the determination of trace constituents of the particulate and vapor phases. Initial interference studies were performed using atmospheric pressure burns of 1 g quantities of propellants in small chambers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were determined using non-dispersive infrared instrumentation. Hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, and ammonia determinations were made using ion selective electrode technology. Oxides of nitrogen were determined using chemiluminescence instrumentation. Airborne particulate mass concentration was determined using infrared forward scattering measurements and a tapered element oscillating microbalance, as well as conventional gravimetry. Particulate phase metals were determined by collection on Teflon membrane filters, followed by inductively coupled plasma and atomic absorption analysis. Particulate phase polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-PAH were collected using high volume sampling on a two stage filter. Target species were extracted, and quantified …

The aim of this project is to perform quantitative analysis of the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of coals and coal extracts. The major difficulty encountered in the analysis of the FT-IR spectra of coals is the complexity of the bands, which consist of many closely overlapped peaks. Two techniques that are commonly used for the quantitative analysis of complex FT-IR spectra are deconvolution and curve-fitting. Deconvolution is a mathematical technique that narrows the speaks in a spectrum, thereby improving the effective resolution. Curve-fitting optimizes a set of ban parameters, using a least squares criterion, to simulate the true spectrum. We have recently completed work on optimizing the combination of these two techniques with the aim of applying this to the spectra of coals and coal extracts. Two types of deconvolution were investigated in this context: Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) and maximum likelihood restoration (MLR). It was concluded that for noisy spectra MLR gave superior results. 3 refs., 7 figs.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Construction of the term "prevailing party" under V. T. C. S. article 5221k (RQ-1819)

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, Jim Mattox, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification: Sick leave for adopting parents (RQ-1829)