Numerical simulation of firing systems requires both the appropriate circuit analysis framework and the special element models required by the application. We have modified the SPICE circuit analysis code (version 2G.6), developed originally at the Electronic Research Laboratory of the University of California, Berkeley, to allow it to be used on MSDOS-based, personal computers and to give it two additional circuit elements needed by firing systems--fuses and saturating inductances. An interactive editor and a batch driver have been written to ease the use of the SPICE program by system designers, and the interactive graphical post processor, NUTMEG, supplied by U. C. Berkeley with SPICE version 3B1, has been interfaced to the output from the modified SPICE. Documentation and installation aids have been provided to make the total software system accessible to PC users. Sample problems show that the resulting code is in agreement with the FIRESET code on which the fuse model was based (with some modifications to the dynamics of scaling fuse parameters). In order to allow for more complex simulations of firing systems, studies have been made of additional special circuit elements--switches and ferrite cored inductances. A simple switch model has been investigated which promises to give at …

This note describes several computer scripts to assist when using BibT{sub E}X to maintain bibliographical databases. One set of routines are used to generate a list of items contained in a BibT{sub E}X bib'' file which can then be LAT{sub E}X'ed for reference and printing. Another set of routines are used to grep'' for bibliographical entries in a bib'' file as well as ordering existing bib'' files alphabetically. The codes are shell scripts which are call awk programs and run on sun (unix) computers.

This report presents a reassessment of the proposed standard for energy conservation in new federal residential buildings. The analysis uses the data presented in the report, Economic Analysis: In Support of Interim Energy Conservation Standards for New Federal Residential Buildings (June 1988)-to be referred to as the EASIECS report. The reassessment differs from that report in several respects. In modeling factual information, it uses more recent forecasts of future energy prices and it uses data from the Bureau of the Census in order to estimate the distribution of lifetimes of residential buildings rather than assuming a hypothetical 25-year lifetime. In modeling social preferences decision analysis techniques are used in order to examine issues of public values that often are not included in traditional cost-benefit analyses. The present report concludes that the public would benefit from the proposed standard. Several issues of public values regarding energy use are illustrated with methods to include them in a formal analysis of a proposed energy policy. The first issue places a value on costs and benefits that will occur in the future as an irreversible consequence of current policy choices. This report discusses an alternative method, called relative value discounting which permits flexible discounting …

The objectives of this project are to develop feasible synthetic routes to produce (1) 4(4{prime}- hydroxy- 5{prime},6{prime},7{prime},8{prime}- tetrahydro-1{prime}- naphthylmethyl)- 6-methyl dibenzothiophene, and (2) a 1-hydroxy naphthalene- dibenzothiophene polymer. These compounds are thought to be representative of sulfur containing molecules in coal. The program is divided into three tasks, the first of which is a project work plan that we have already submitted. Our experimental work during this quarter concentrated on Task 2: Synthesis of 4(4{prime}- hydroxy- 5{prime},6{prime},7{prime},8{prime}- tetrahydro-1{prime}- naphthylmethyl)- 6-methyldibenzothiophene. 11 refs.

The objectives of this project are to develop feasible synthetic routes to produce (1) 4(4'-hydroxy-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydro-l'-naphthylmethyl)-6-methyldibenzothiophene, and (2) a 1-hydroxynaphthalene-benzothiophene polymer. Our experimental work during this quarter concentrated on. As several possible synthetic routes to the target molecule, 4(4'-hydroxy-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydro-l'-naphthylmethyl)-6-methyldibenzothiophene. We tried synthesizing the intermediates for our first method, in which we couple a metalated 4-methyldibenzothiophene with 4-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol. We found that we could easily metalate dibenzothiophene, and then add a methyl group to the 4-position to give 4-methyldibenzothiophene in greater than 80% yield by using t-butyllithium in tetrahydropyran followed by dimethylsulfate. However, adding the second metal to the desired 4' position using the same method was more difficult, and instead the reaction occurred on the methyl group. Therefore, we will investigate an alternative method, in which a hydroxy group is added in order to help direct the second metalation step to the 4' position on 4-methyldibenzothiophene.

The objectives of this project are to develop feasible synthetic routes to produce (1) 4(4`-hydroxy-5`,6`,7`,8`-tetrahydro-l`-naphthylmethyl )- 6-methyldibenzothiophene, and (2) a 1-hydroxynaphthalene-benzothiophene polymer. Our experimental work during this quarter concentrated on. As several possible synthetic routes to the target molecule, 4(4`-hydroxy-5`,6`,7`,8`-tetrahydro- l`-naphthylmethyl )-6-methyldibenzothiophene. We tried synthesizing the intermediates for our first method, in which we couple a metalated 4-methyldibenzothiophene with 4-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol. We found that we could easily metalate dibenzothiophene, and then add a methyl group to the 4-position to give 4-methyldibenzothiophene in greater than 80% yield by using t-butyllithium in tetrahydropyran followed by dimethylsulfate. However, adding the second metal to the desired 4` position using the same method was more difficult, and instead the reaction occurred on the methyl group. Therefore, we will investigate an alternative method, in which a hydroxy group is added in order to help direct the second metalation step to the 4` position on 4-methyldibenzothiophene.

The objectives of this project are to: (1) study the scope of hydrothermal pretreatment of coal on subsequent conversion, (2) identify and study the chemical or physical causes of this effect, and (3) attempt to elucidate the chemistry responsible for any coal-resid synergisms. This project is divided into three tasks. This quarter we concentrated on Tasks 1 and 2. Task 1: Scope of aqueous pretreatment. Task 2: Chemistry of Pretreatment. Also during this quarter we investigated other means of pretreating low rank coal to enhance conversions. 6 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

LLNL received a contract during March 1990 to perform three tasks for ONT. This letter report covers Task I which concerned a supercomputing effort in a program termed the High Gain Initiative, which is an anti-submarine (ASW) project that requires substantial computational and signal processing expertise. The core of the computational aspects at the present time is a code called WRAP (Wide Area Rapid Acoustic Prediction). LLNL's objective was to study the WRAP model and determine the feasibility and limits of its optimization. At the present time, the WRAP code runs on a single processor VAX computer.

The North endcap calorimeter vessel was recieved on July 1, 1990. A cooldown of the pressure vessel with liquid nitrogen was performed on July 10-11 to check the vessel's integrity. With the pressure vessel cold, the insulating vacuum was monitored for leaks. Through out the testing, the insulating vacuum remained good and the vessel passed the test. The cold test was carried out per the procedures of D-Zero engineering note 3740.220-EN-250. The test was very similar to the cold test performed on the Central Calorimeter in October of 1987. Reference D-Zero engineering notes 3740.210-EN-122, 3740.000-EN107, and 3740.210-EN-110 for information about the CC cold test. The insulating vacuum space was pumped on while equipment was being connected to the pressure vessel. Two hours after starting to pump with the blower the vacuum space pressure was at about 210 microns. Pumping on the vacuum space for the next 15 hours showed no progress and a leak detector was connected to the pumping line. A leak check showed a leak in a thermocouple feedthru on the vacuum space relief plate. After fixing the leak, the pressure dropped to 16 microns in less than one hour. A rate of rise test was performed starting …

In summary, significant bond cleavage was found only for thiophenol under the supercritical conditions studied. Less than 5% yield was found for the observed reaction products for all the other organosulfur compounds. The hydrogen sulfur bond in thiophenol is clearly the weakest of those studied and therefore it is the easiest to rupture. Also a general trend was observed the solvolysis reaction products such as ethylthiobenzene were the products initially formed at lower temperatures. But with higher temperatures the reaction product were those typically produced from the bimolecular association of free-radicals, such as phenylsulfide for the thiophenol sample. This type of reaction would be expected in pyrolysis reactions. Bimolecular reactions between organosulfur compounds would not be expected when the reaction is occurring at the surface of the solid coal matrix. The probability of the extracted organosulfur radicals having such bimolecular reactions is quite low. However, the reactions that are observed from the interaction of supercritical ethanol and the model coal compounds are not ones that show obvious indications of desulfurization of the compound.

In summary, significant bond cleavage was found only for thiophenol under the supercritical conditions studied. Less than 5% yield was found for the observed reaction products for all the other organosulfur compounds. The hydrogen sulfur bond in thiophenol is clearly the weakest of those studied and therefore it is the easiest to rupture. Also a general trend was observed the solvolysis reaction products such as ethylthiobenzene were the products initially formed at lower temperatures. But with higher temperatures the reaction product were those typically produced from the bimolecular association of free-radicals, such as phenylsulfide for the thiophenol sample. This type of reaction would be expected in pyrolysis reactions. Bimolecular reactions between organosulfur compounds would not be expected when the reaction is occurring at the surface of the solid coal matrix. The probability of the extracted organosulfur radicals having such bimolecular reactions is quite low. However, the reactions that are observed from the interaction of supercritical ethanol and the model coal compounds are not ones that show obvious indications of desulfurization of the compound.

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The OH modules for the DO end calorimeter are being tested by supporting a load to simulate the MH, IH, and EM modules. This test structure, the MH filler, is inserted into the previously assembled OH modules, and then loaded with hydraulic jacks. The maximum test load applied by the jacks is 78,600 lb, which is via the two downstream jacks at 130% of the nominal load. Bill Cooper's memo of 9/10/90 is include as appendix C. This note presents calculations for the AISC maximum allowable stresses/loads of the various parts of the testing assembly. Furthermore, calculations show that the actual test load is less than the AISC allowable.

A detailed description of the research conducted at the University of Paris at Orsay and the International Meeting on High-{Tc} Superconductivity, organized by the traveler, H. Schultz from Orsay, and D. M. Newns from IBM, is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the collaboration with F. Perrot of the Centre Europeen de Calcul Atomique et Moleculaire. In addition, descriptions of the different scientific interactions and information obtained and implications of this scientific exchange on the research conducted in the Solid State Division of ORNL are made.

Compilation of monthly reports from departments in the city of San Antonio, Texas providing statistics, project updates, and other information about services and activities. This set of reports includes information about permits and the Board of Adjustment & Historic Preservation for April 1990.

Compilation of monthly reports from departments in the city of San Antonio, Texas providing statistics, project updates, and other information about services and activities.

Compilation of monthly reports from departments in the city of San Antonio, Texas providing statistics, project updates, and other information about services and activities.

This report presents the results of an environmental assessment conducted at Weldon Spring Site Remedial Action Project (WSSRAP) in St. Charles County, Missouri, in accordance with the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) Environmental Compliance Assessment Checklists. The purpose of this assessment was to evaluate the compliance of the site with applicable federal and Missouri environment regulations. Assessments activities included the following: review of site records, reports ,and files; inspection of the WSSRAP storage building, other selected buildings, and the adjacent grounds; and interviews with project personnel. This assessment was conducted on August 28-30, 1989. The assessment covered five management areas as set forth in the Checklist: Hazardous Waste Management, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Management; Air Emissions; Wastewater Discharges and Petroleum Management. No samples were collected. 1 ref., 2 figs., 1 tab.

The CFE Treaty will provide for limits on NATO and WTO forces, particularly tanks, armored personnel carriers, artillery, and helicopters. In addition to the overall limits on TLEs in the ATTU zone, there are expected to be secondary limits on single country forces, limits on forces based in foreign nations, and geographic sublimits. To help validate WTO declarations of baseline forces, the treaty may provide for on-site inspections by NATO of declared WTO basing facilities. One important unresolved issue concerning baseline declared-site OSIs is the quota of such inspections allowed each country. This report presents a decision analysis and evaluation in support of recommendations for resolving this and related issues. It also indentifies key policy decisions that impact the determination of the number of declared-site OSIs. These decisions are: Desired probabilities of detecting a violation and of falsely accusing WTO; Trade-off between improved verification and the intrusiveness of additional OSIs; Force strength constituting a militarily significant violation; and Degree of coordination with and reliance on inspections by NATO allies. 10 figs.

In analyzing the composition of high {Tc} superconducting materials using heavy-ion RBS we discovered that the electronic excitation of the target caused mixing to occur. To study this effect we made superlattice structures of alternating thin layers of Ba{sub 2}YCu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} and BaF{sub 2}. At this point in the process some mixing has occurred, but the individual layers are still visible. However, as the bombardment continued the layers were mixed together. It may well be that one can use this phenomenon to produce high {Tc} materials with a wide range of compositions. In this report, we discuss modifications to the high {Tc} superconductors and the subsequent analysis. 10 figs.

Thermal fatigue failures of solder joints in electronic devices often arise from cyclic shear strains imposed by the mismatched thermal expansion coefficients of the materials that bind the joint as temperature changes are encountered. Increased solder joint reliability demands a fundamental understanding of the metallurigical mechanisms that control the fatigue to design accurate accelerated probative tests and new, more fatigue resistant solder alloys. The high temperatures and slow strain rates that pertain to thermal fatigue imply that creep is an important deformation mode in the thermal fatigue cycle. In this work, the creep behaviour of a solder joint is studied to determine the solder's microstructural response to this type of deformation and to relate this to the more complex problem of thermal fatigue. It is shown that creep failures arise from the inherent inhomogeneity and instability of the solder microstructure and suggest that small compositional changes of the binary near-eutectic Pn-Sn alloy may defeat the observed failure mechanisms. This work presents creep and thermal fatigue data for several near-eutectic Pb-Sn solder compositions and concludes that a 58Sn-40Pb-2In and a 58Sn-40Pb-2Cd alloy show significantly enhanced fatigue resistance over that of the simple binary material. 80 refs., 33 figs., 1 tab.

The use of flammable gas and high voltage in detector systems is common in most experiments at Fermilab. To mitigate the hazards associated with these systems'' Fermilab Engineering Standard SD-45B was adopted. As part of their mission the Research Facilities Department and the Site Operations Department have assisted the fixed target experiments in satisfying some of the requirements of SD-45B. This note describes the devices that are available to experiments that will satisfy points of SD-45B. This note is meant to be used as a guide and not a mandatory standard, each experiment is reviewed for compliance with SD-45B by the flammable gas safety subcommittee. This note describes a generic system that should fit the majority of class 1, 2 and low pressure class 3 systems (less than 15 psi).

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The U.S. Interagency Geothermal Coordinating Council was a multi-agency group charged with identifying and reducing barriers to geothermal energy development in the U.S. Many of the issues covered related to regulations for and progress in the leasing of Federal lands in the West for power development. The IGCC reports are important sources of historical information. Table 1 lists significant events in the history of use of geothermal energy in the U.S., starting in1884. That is useful for tracking which Federal departments and agencies managed aspects of this work over time. Table 2 gives a complete accounting for all Federal outlays for geothermal energy development for FY 1979 - 1989, including non-DOE outlays. Table 3 shows the status of the U.S. Geothermal Loan Guarantee Program at end of FY 1989: of the $500 million authorized, $285 million was committed to eight projects, and about $40 million had been paid out on project defaults. An additional $101 million had been repaid by the borrowers. (DJE 2005)