The search for new particles, such as the top quark, charged Higgs boson, heavy gauge bosons and supersymmetric particles, at the CERN and Fermilab proton-antiproton colliders is reviewed. A preliminary result by the CDF experiment of a reconstructed B meson mass peak from the decays B{sup {plus minus}} {yields} J/{psi}K{sup {plus minus}} and B{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}K*{sup 0} is also presented. 22 refs., 13 figs.

The authors are studying aboveground oil shale retorting and have developed the LLNL Hot-Recycled-Solid (HRS) process as a generic, second-generation, rapid pyrolysis retorting system in which recycled shale is the solid heat carrier. In 1984-87, they operated a 1 ton-per-day HRS pilot plant to study retorting chemistry in an actual recirculation loop, Cena (1986). In 1989 they upgraded their laboratory pilot plant to process 4 ton-per-day of commercially sized shale, which will allow them, for the first time, to study pyrolysis and combustion chemistry using the full particle size, to produce enough oil for detailed characterization studies, to study environmental consequences, and to begin answering the many bulk solid handling questions concerning scale-up of the HRS process. In this paper the authors report on the status of their pilot plant operations. They have operated the facility circulating raw shale at ambient temperature and dolomite at elevated temperature. They plan the first hot shale run in November 1990. 5 refs., 16 figs., 4 tabs.

The most important attribute of a chemical contaminant at a hazardous-wastes site for decision makers to consider with regard to its cleanup is the potential risk associated with human exposure. For this reason we have developed a strategy for establishing a risk-based cleanup criterion for chemicals in soil. We describe this strategy by presenting a cleanup criterion for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in soil associated with a representative California landscape. We being by discussing the environmental fate and transport model, developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), that we used to predict the equilibrium concentration of PCE in five environmental media from a steady-state source in soil. Next, we explain the concept and application of pathway-exposure factors (PEFs), the hazard index, and cancer-potency factors (CPFs) for translating the predicted concentrations of PCE into estimated potential hazard or risk for hypothetically exposed individuals. Finally, the relationship between concentration and an allowable level of risk is defined and the societal and financial implications are discussed. 22 refs., 6 tabs.

The Advanced Light Source (ALS), now under construction at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, is a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility based on a low-emittance, 1.5-GeV electron storage ring with 10 long straight sections available for insertion devices and, initially, 24 bend-magnet ports. Undulators will provide high-brightness radiation at photon energies from below 10 eV to above 2 keV; wiggler and bend-magnet radiation will extend the spectral coverage with high fluxes to above 10 keV. Scheduled to begin operations as a US Department of Energy national user facility in the spring of 1993, the ALS will support an extensive research program in which soft x-ray and ultraviolet radiation is used to study matter in all its varied gaseous, liquid, and solid forms. Participating research teams to implement the initial scientific program have been selected. 13 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Motivated by the recent developments in the cyclotron resonance upscattering of soft photons or CUSP model of Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) continuum spectra, we revisit a select database of GRBs with credible cyclotron absorption features. We measure the break energy of the continuum, the slope below the break and deduce the soft photon energy or the electron beam Lorentz factor cutoff. We study the correlation (or lack of) between various parameters in the context of the CUSP model. One surprise result is that there appears to be marginal correlation between the break energy and the spectral index below the break. 20 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

A photoacoustic spectrometer, equipped with an 85 meter optical fiber, was used to perform absorption measurements of lanthanide and actinide samples, located in a glovebox. The spectrometer was tested using aqueous solutions of praseodymium and americium ions; the sensitivity for remote measurements was found to be similar to that achieved in the laboratory without the fiber. 14 refs., 3 figs.

This talk deals with {Lambda}, K{sub s}{sup 0} and {bar {Lambda}} production with 14.5 GeV/c Silicon beams. Why study {Lambda}{sup 0} production Because the study of strangeness is an important part of the search for Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Many models predict an enhancement of strangeness in a QGP as compared to the amount of strangeness produced in a superposition of nucleon-nucleon interactions. The amount of enhancement varies from model to model. Even if no QGP is detected at AGS energies using Si beams, it is important to understand the production mechanisms in quantitative detail so that standard nucleon-nucleon production mechanism can be distinguished from QGP formation. The advantage of measuring strangeness production by measuring V{sup 0} production is that V{sup 0}'s can be identified by kinematics without the use of any special particle ID detectors. The disadvantage is that usually large aperture detectors are required. Experiment 810 has the needed large aperture. This talk describes the technique and results of V{sup 0} production from {approximately}9000 interactions of Si in a 1 mil (25 micron) Au target recorded in June 1989. 13 figs., 1 tab.

The tracking detector of AGS Experiment 810 is a three-piece Time Projection Chamber (TPC) intended to measure all charged tracks in the forward hemisphere of the nucleon-nucleon center of mass system, i.e. forward of an angle of about 20 degrees in the lab. Each module of the TPC contains twelve rows of short anode wires which give 3-D space points on each track, but no dE/dx information useable for particle identification. The TPC was operated in a beam of silicon ions at the end of June 1989 and this talk reports the results of analysis of the data taken with a thin gold target in that run. We have gathered a similar amount of data from thin copper and silicon targets, the analysis of which is in a less advanced state. The results of our investigation of the neutral strange particle decays appear in a separate contribution by Al Saulys. This paper presents the current state of the analysis of the charged tracks from the silicon gold collisions. 1 ref., 15 figs.

We have developed instrumentation capable of measuring optical absorption spectra over a wavelength range of 200--1200 nm and a temperature range of 20--100{degree}C. This fiber-optic based spectrometer generates data which allow the computation of metal-ligand equilibrium constants. Studies at five temperatures have been completed using praseodymium-diglycolate as a model system. Fundamental thermodynamic values (free energies, enthalpies, entropies) were obtained from the experimentally-determined stability constants. Thermodynamic data pertinent to the interactions of actinides and long-lived fission products with groundwater, waste package components, and geologic media are critical input to modeling programs. 9 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.